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商品描述
Description
The evolution of the concept of mind in cognitive science over the past 25 years creates new ways to think about the interaction of people and computers. New ideas about embodiment, metaphor as a fundamental cognitive process, and conceptual integration--a blending of older concepts that gives rise to new, emergent properties--have become increasingly important in software engineering (SE) and human-computer interaction (HCI). If once computing was based on algorithms, mathematical theories, and formal notations, now the use of stories, metaphors, and blends can contribute to well-informed, sensitive software design. In Designing with Blends, Manuel Imaz and David Benyon show how these new metaphors and concepts of mind allow us to discover new aspects of HCI-SE.
After 60 years, digital technology has come of age, but software design has not kept pace with technological sophistication; people struggle to understand and use their computers, cameras, phones, and other devices. Imaz and Benyon argue that the dominance of digital media in our lives demands changes in HCI-SE based on advances in cognitive science. The idea of embodied cognition, they contend, can change the way we approach design by emphasizing the figurative nature of interaction. Imaz and Benyon offer both theoretical grounding and practical examples that illustrate the advantages of applying cognitive concepts to software design. A new view of cognition, they argue, will develop a cognitive literacy in software and interaction design that helps designers understand the opportunities of digital technology and provides people with a more satisfying interactive experience.
Manuel Imaz is an independent consultant and has a Ph.D. from the School of Computing at Napier University, Edinburgh.
David Benyon is Professor of Human-Computer Systems at Napier University.
Table of Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
1 | Growing Up in the Digital Age 1
Things Digital 2
The Felt Sense of Thinking 5
A Short History of Cognition 7
Concepts of Software 10
Human-Computer Interaction 13
Framing the Problem 15
2 | Cognition and the Body 19
Cognitive Models 21
Concepts and Categories 26
Image Schemata 30
Embodied Cognition 35
3 | Metaphors and Blends 37
Metaphor 37
Mental Spaces 40
Blends 43
Metaphor or Blend? 48
The Desktop Metaphor 50
Metaphors and Figurative Language 54
4 | Blends in Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering 57
Types of Integration Networks 57
Figurative Language in SE 61
Figurative Language in HCI 66
SE Examples of Blends 70
5 | Software Engineering 77
Concepts and Notations 77
Entity-Relationship Models 82
State-Transition Diagrams 85
The Top-Down Method 86
Data-Flow Diagrams 88
The OO Paradigm 90
A Basic Ontology for SE 98
6 | Human-Computer Interaction 103
Principles of Blends 106
Actions in HCI 114
Tasks in HCI 120
Goals and Personae 123
Future Interactions 130
7 | Understanding Requirements 135
Perspectives on Requirements 135
Requirements in SE 144
Scenarios 152
Use Cases 162
Patterns 167
8 | Designing with Blends 171
Metaphor and Design 171
Analysis 173
Design 179
Designing a Home Information Center 183
Conclusions 191
9 | Reflections 193
Emerging Views on HCI 194
Personal Spaces 198
Fluency in Conceptual Integration 201
Critical Perspectives 204
Summary 206
References 209
Index 219
商品描述(中文翻譯)
描述
在過去25年中,認知科學對於心智概念的演變創造了新的思考人與電腦互動方式的方法。關於具身、隱喻作為基本認知過程以及概念整合的新觀念,已經在軟體工程(SE)和人機互動(HCI)領域變得越來越重要。如果過去計算是基於演算法、數學理論和形式符號,現在故事、隱喻和整合可以有助於知識豐富、敏感的軟體設計。在《設計與整合》一書中,Manuel Imaz和David Benyon展示了這些新的隱喻和心智概念如何讓我們發現HCI-SE的新面向。
60年來,數位技術已經成熟,但軟體設計並未跟上技術的複雜性;人們仍然難以理解和使用他們的電腦、相機、手機和其他設備。Imaz和Benyon認為,數位媒體在我們生活中的主導地位要求基於認知科學的進展來改變HCI-SE。他們主張具身認知的概念可以通過強調互動的比喻性質來改變我們對設計的方法。Imaz和Benyon提供了理論基礎和實際例子,以說明將認知概念應用於軟體設計的優勢。他們認為,對於軟體和互動設計來說,一個新的認知觀點將培養出認知素養,幫助設計師理解數位技術的機遇,並為人們提供更令人滿意的互動體驗。
Manuel Imaz是一位獨立顧問,並擁有愛丁堡納皮爾大學計算機學院的博士學位。
David Benyon是納皮爾大學人機系統教授。
目錄
前言
致謝
第1章 | 在數位時代成長
數位事物
思考的感受
認知簡史
軟體概念
人機互動
問題的框架
第2章 | 認知與身體
認知模型
概念和分類
形象模式
具身認知
第3章 | 隱喻與整合
隱喻
心智空間
整合
隱喻還是整合?
桌面隱喻
隱喻和比喻語言
第4章 | 人機互動和軟體工程中的整合
整合網絡的類型
軟體工程中的比喻語言
人機互動中的比喻語言
整合的軟體工程實例
第5章 | 軟體工程
概念和符號
實體關係模型
狀態轉換圖
自上而下方法
資料流程圖