Handbook of Meta-Analysis
暫譯: 元分析手冊

Meta分析是將統計學應用於結合多項研究結果並進行適當推論的過程。在過去25年中，隨著在醫學與健康、社會科學、教育、心理學、生態學和經濟學等多個科學領域對於穩健證據基礎需求的明確，Meta分析的使用和重要性迅速增長。

近年來，處理Meta分析中複雜性的各種方法如雨後春筍般湧現，包括研究之間的解釋性和非解釋性異質性、出版偏差以及稀疏數據。同時，Meta分析的應用已擴展超越簡單的兩組連續和二元結果比較，涵蓋多組結果的比較和排名、複雜的觀察性研究、效果的異質性評估，以及生存和多變量結果。這些方法中的許多在統計上是複雜的，並針對特定類型的數據進行調整。

主要特點

- 嚴謹涵蓋Meta分析中使用的當前統計方法的全範圍
- 對Meta分析背後的統計基礎提供全面、一致且統一的概述
- 詳細描述單變量和多變量數據的主要方法
- 提供計算機代碼以重現章節中的示例
- 徹底回顧文獻，引用數以千計的參考文獻
- 應用於特定類型的生物醫學和社會科學數據

本書適合對Meta分析的統計方法理論和應用感興趣的廣泛讀者，包括研究生、研究人員和實務工作者。書中內容的寫作水平相當於研究生統計課程，但對於來自不同學科的定量科學家也具有吸引力且易於閱讀。本書可作為研究生級別的教科書、方法的一般參考，或作為使用最先進方法的專題介紹。

Christopher Schmid

Christopher H. Schmid is Professor of Biostatistics at Brown University. He received his BA in Mathematics from Haverford College in 1983 and his PhD in Statistics from Harvard University in 1991. In 1991, he joined the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies at Tufts Medical Center and joined the medical faculty at Tufts University in 1992. He became the director of the Biostatistics Research Center in 2006 and Associate Director of the Tufts Clinical and Translational Research training program in 2009. In 2012, he moved to Brown University to co-found the Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health. In 2016, he became Director of the Clinical Study Design, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Core of the Rhode Island Center to Advance Translational Science and in 2018 became Chair of Biostatistics in the School of Public Health.

Dr. Schmid has a long record of collaborative research and training activities in many different clinical and public health research areas. His research focuses on Bayesian methods for meta-analysis, including networks of treatments and N-of-1 designs, as well as open-source software tools, as well as methods for developing and assessing predictive models using data from multiple databases, e.g., the current standard biomarker prediction tool for GFR, glomerular filtration rate. He is the author of nearly 300 publications, including coauthored consensus CONSORT reporting guidelines for N-of-1 trials and single-case designs, and PRISMA guidelines extensions for meta-analysis of individual participant studies and for network meta-analyses as well as the Institute of Medicine report that established US standards for systematic reviews.

Dr. Schmid is an elected member of the Society for Research Synthesis Methodology and co-founding editor of its journal, Research Synthesis Methods. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and long-time statistical editor of the American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Ian White

Ian White is Professor of Statistical Methods for Medicine at the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, UK. He originally studied mathematics at Cambridge University, and his first career was as a teacher of mathematics in The Gambia, Cambridge and London. He obtained his MSc in statistics from University College London, where he subsequently worked in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health. He was then Senior Lecturer in the Medical Statistics Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and for 16 years programme leader at the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit in Cambridge. He received his PhD by publication in 2011.

His research interests are in statistical methods for the design and analysis of clinical trials, observational studies and meta-analyses. He is particularly interested in developing methods for handling missing data, correcting for departures from randomised treatment, novel trial designs, simulation studies, and network meta-analysis. He runs courses on various topics and has written a range of Stata software.

Theo Stijnen

Theo Stijnen is Emeritus Professor of Medical Statistics at the Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. He obtained his MSc in mathematics at Leiden University in 1973 and received his PhD in mathematical statistics at the University of Utrecht in 1980. Then he decided to leave mathematical statistics and to specialise in applied medical statistics, a choice he has never regretted. In 1981 he was appointed assistant professor of medical statistics at the Leiden University Medical Faculty. In 1987 he became associate professor of biostatistics at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, where he was appointed full professor in 1998. In 2007 he returned to Leiden again to become the head of the Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, which was recently renamed the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences. He has a broad experience in teaching statistics to various audiences and his teaching specialties include mixed modelling, survival analysis, epidemiological modelling and meta-analysis. In 2009 he was a co-founder of the MSc program Statistical Science for the Life and Behavioral Sciences, the first MSc program in this field in The Netherlands. He has extensive experience in statistical consultancy for medical researchers, resulting in more than 400 co-authorships in the medical scientific literature, of which about 25 on medical meta-analyses. His biostatistical research interests include clinical trials methodology, epidemiological methods, mixed modelling and meta-analysis. He is (co-)author of over 70 methodological articles, of which about 25 on meta-analysis. He retired on December 14, 2016. He now works part-time as an independent biostatistical consultant and continues doing research.

克里斯多福·施密德

克里斯多福·H·施密德是布朗大學的生物統計學教授。他於1983年在哈佛福德學院獲得數學學士學位，並於1991年在哈佛大學獲得統計學博士學位。1991年，他加入塔夫茨醫學中心的臨床研究與健康政策研究所，並於1992年成為塔夫茨大學的醫學教職員。他於2006年成為生物統計研究中心的主任，並於2009年成為塔夫茨臨床與轉化研究培訓計畫的副主任。2012年，他轉至布朗大學共同創立健康證據綜合中心。2016年，他成為羅德島轉化科學中心的臨床研究設計、流行病學與生物統計學核心的主任，並於2018年成為公共衛生學院的生物統計學系主任。

施密德博士在許多不同的臨床和公共衛生研究領域擁有長期的合作研究和培訓經驗。他的研究專注於貝葉斯方法的元分析，包括治療網絡和N-of-1設計，以及開源軟體工具，還有使用來自多個數據庫的數據開發和評估預測模型的方法，例如目前標準的腎小管濾過率（GFR）生物標記預測工具。他是近300篇出版物的作者，包括共同撰寫的N-of-1試驗和單一案例設計的共識報告指導原則（CONSORT），以及針對個別參與者研究的元分析和網絡元分析的PRISMA指導原則擴展，以及建立美國系統評價標準的醫學研究所報告。

施密德博士是研究綜合方法學會的當選成員，並且是其期刊《研究綜合方法》的共同創始編輯。他是美國統計協會的會士，並且長期擔任《美國腎臟病學期刊》的統計編輯。

伊恩·懷特

伊恩·懷特是英國倫敦大學學院醫學研究理事會臨床試驗單位的醫學統計方法教授。他最初在劍橋大學學習數學，並且他的第一份工作是在甘比亞、劍橋和倫敦教授數學。他在倫敦大學學院獲得統計學碩士學位，隨後在流行病學與公共衛生系工作。之後，他在倫敦衛生與熱帶醫學院的醫學統計單位擔任高級講師，並在劍橋的醫學研究理事會生物統計單位擔任16年的計畫負責人。他於2011年通過發表論文獲得博士學位。

他的研究興趣在於臨床試驗、觀察性研究和元分析的設計與分析的統計方法。他特別關注處理缺失數據的方法、隨機治療偏差的修正、新型試驗設計、模擬研究和網絡元分析。他開設各種主題的課程，並撰寫了一系列Stata軟體。

西奧·斯泰寧

西奧·斯泰寧是荷蘭萊頓大學醫學中心的名譽教授。他於1973年在萊頓大學獲得數學碩士學位，並於1980年在烏特勒支大學獲得數學統計學博士學位。隨後，他決定離開數學統計，專注於應用醫學統計，這一選擇他從未後悔。1981年，他被任命為萊頓大學醫學院的醫學統計助理教授。1987年，他成為鹿特丹伊拉斯謨斯大學醫學中心的生物統計學副教授，並於1998年被任命為正教授。2007年，他再次回到萊頓，成為醫學統計與生物資訊學系的主任，該系最近更名為生物醫學數據科學系。他在向各種受眾教授統計學方面擁有廣泛的經驗，他的教學專長包括混合建模、生存分析、流行病學建模和元分析。2009年，他共同創立了生命與行為科學的統計科學碩士課程，這是荷蘭該領域的第一個碩士課程。他在醫學研究者的統計諮詢方面擁有豐富的經驗，導致在醫學科學文獻中有超過400篇的共同作者，其中約25篇是關於醫學元分析的。他的生物統計研究興趣包括臨床試驗方法學、流行病學方法、混合建模和元分析。他是70多篇方法論文章的（共同）作者，其中約25篇是關於元分析的。他於2016年12月14日退休，現在以獨立生物統計顧問的身份兼職工作，並繼續進行研究。