Human Centered Intelligent Infrastructure
暫譯: 以人為本的智慧基礎設施

引入高可靠性的感測器和遠端狀態監控設備將改變許多基礎設施領域內維護和工程系統的形式和功能。流程、運輸和基礎設施公司越來越多地尋求智能基礎設施，以提高可靠性並降低未來的成本，但這些系統將帶來許多新的（以及一些舊的）人因挑戰。儘管在遠端感測、機器人技術、自動監控和決策支援系統等技術上取得了進展，但現有的智能基礎設施（Intelligent Infrastructure, II）系統在實際工作環境中實施時，往往面臨關鍵障礙。理解和減輕潛在的人因問題可以確保這些龐大的投資不會被浪費。智能基礎設施正日益成為支持最佳複雜控制環境的雄心勃勃的未來步驟。從廣泛的鐵路網絡到核電廠，研究人員、工程師和開發者都認識到更好的資產管理和現有資源及基礎設施的最佳化利用的價值。本書呈現了第一部理解並告知與智能基礎設施在複雜控制環境中相關的人因問題的作品。

Dr Nastaran Dadashi has over seven years of Human Factors experience (including an industry-led PhD within the Human Factors Research Group, University of Nottingham). She has proven experience in the collection of user requirements and implementing Human Factors design principles in complex environments. Nastaran's PhD, Human Factors of Future Railway Intelligent Infrastructure, focused on adapting a cognitive approach to the design and understanding of complex multi-agent systems within socio-technical environments. Nastaran holds a BSc in Computing and Information Systems and a MSc in Interactive Systems Design (With distinction); she is a registered member at the Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors, main track committee member of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (2013 & 2014) and an Associate RRI (Responsible Research and Innovation) in ICT. She has over 20 papers within peer reviewed publications and has been an invited speaker at the International Conference of Ergonomics in Operation and Control Centres (2012).

Dr David Golightly is Senior Research Fellow in the Human Factors Research Group, University of Nottingham. His background is in the study of learning, problem solving and expertise, particularly involving the use of ICT. He also investigates methods for capturing and integrating user requirements in user-centred design and implementation processes. He has worked on a number of rail-related projects including understanding situation awareness in rail traffic control, driver advisory for capacity management, evaluating the impact of procedural change on signalling workload and awareness, and on passenger and end-to-end journey experience to encourage modal shift. He is currently also academic supervisor on two TSB funded KTPs - one on competency management for non-technical skills in the rail industry, and one on workload modelling for rail control.

Professor Sarah Sharples is a Professor of Human Factors in the School of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Nottingham and Head of the Human Factors Research Group. She completed her PhD in 1999 on methodological and theoretical issues in the assessment of participants' experiences of virtual environments. She has been a researcher, research manager or grant holder on a number of industrial, government and EU funded projects, including a long term programme of research for Network Rail examining implications, design and implementation of novel interfaces for railway control and use of rail simulation for human factors research. She is a CI in the MATCH IMRC, Horizon Digital Economy Research hub and Training Programme Manager of the Horizon Doctoral Training Centre. She has supervised PhD students in a range of areas, including situation awareness in virtual environments, impact of automation, use of handheld technologies and development of 3D information displays. She is a registered ergonomist, and her main areas of interest and expertise are Human-Computer Interaction, cognitive ergonomics and development of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies for examination of interaction with innovative technologies in complex systems. She is Associate Dean of the Graduate School for the Faculty of Engineering.

Dr. Nastaran Dadashi 擁有超過七年的人體工學經驗（包括在諾丁漢大學人體工學研究小組進行的產業主導博士研究）。她在收集用戶需求和在複雜環境中實施人體工學設計原則方面具有豐富的經驗。Nastaran 的博士論文《未來鐵路智能基礎設施的人體工學》專注於將認知方法應用於社會技術環境中複雜多代理系統的設計和理解。Nastaran 擁有計算機與信息系統的學士學位和互動系統設計的碩士學位（優異）；她是人體工學與人體因素學會的註冊會員，曾擔任 IEEE 系統、人類與控制論國際會議的主要委員會成員（2013 年和 2014 年），並且是 ICT 領域的負責任研究與創新（RRI）副會員。她在同行評審的出版物中發表了超過 20 篇論文，並在 2012 年的國際人體工學會議上擔任受邀演講者。

Dr. David Golightly 是諾丁漢大學人體工學研究小組的高級研究員。他的背景是學習、問題解決和專業知識的研究，特別是涉及 ICT 的使用。他還研究用戶中心設計和實施過程中捕捉和整合用戶需求的方法。他參與了多個與鐵路相關的項目，包括理解鐵路交通控制中的情境意識、容量管理的駕駛員建議、評估程序變更對信號工作負荷和意識的影響，以及促進模式轉換的乘客和端到端旅程體驗。他目前還擔任兩個 TSB 資助的 KTP 的學術指導教師——一個是針對鐵路行業非技術技能的能力管理，另一個是針對鐵路控制的工作負荷建模。

Sarah Sharples 教授是諾丁漢大學機械、材料與製造工程學院的人體工學教授，也是人體工學研究小組的負責人。她於 1999 年完成博士學位，研究主題為虛擬環境中參與者體驗的評估方法論和理論問題。她曾擔任多個工業、政府和歐盟資助項目的研究員、研究經理或資助持有者，包括一個長期的研究計劃，針對網絡鐵路（Network Rail）檢視新型界面的設計和實施對鐵路控制的影響，以及使用鐵路模擬進行人體工學研究。她是 MATCH IMRC、Horizon 數位經濟研究中心的首席研究員，並擔任 Horizon 博士培訓中心的培訓計劃經理。她指導過多位博士生，研究領域包括虛擬環境中的情境意識、自動化的影響、手持技術的使用以及 3D 信息顯示的發展。她是註冊的人體工學專家，主要研究興趣和專業領域包括人機互動、認知人體工學以及針對複雜系統中與創新技術互動的定量和定性研究方法的發展。她是工程學院研究生院的副院長。