數字媒體技術概論：創新實踐十二課
李四達
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目
錄
第1課 媒體技術與文化...............................................................................1
1.1 媒體與媒介 ........................................................................................................................2
1.1.1 什麽是媒體 ............................................................................................................2
1.1.2 媒體的分類 ............................................................................................................4
1.1.3 傳統媒體與新媒體 .................................................................................................5
1.2 數字媒體的特徵 ................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 數字媒體的定義 ....................................................................................................6
1.2.2 當代數據庫文化 ....................................................................................................9
1.2.3 數據媒體的進化 ..................................................................................................10
1.3 數字媒體技術 ..................................................................................................................11
1.4 媒體進化論 ......................................................................................................................15
1.5 數字媒體藝術 ..................................................................................................................17
1.6 數字媒體傳播模式 ...........................................................................................................20
1.7 數字內容產業 ..................................................................................................................22
本課學習重點 ...........................................................................................................................24
討論與實踐...............................................................................................................................26
練習與思考...............................................................................................................................26
第2課 當代數字媒體前沿..........................................................................28
2.1 數字智能化技術 ..............................................................................................................29
2.1.1 AIGC設計時代 ....................................................................................................29
2.1.2 ChatGPT新潮流 ...................................................................................................31
2.2 虛擬人技術 ......................................................................................................................32
2.2.1 虛擬員工與虛擬網紅 ...........................................................................................32
2.2.2 虛擬偶像產業 ......................................................................................................33
2.3 裸眼3D技術 .....................................................................................................................35
2.4 拓展現實技術 ..................................................................................................................37
2.5 藝術展陳技術 ..................................................................................................................39
2.6 建築與投影藝術 ..............................................................................................................42
2.7 科技與藝術的盛會 ...........................................................................................................43
2.8 當代科技藝術發展趨勢 ...................................................................................................45
本課學習重點 ...........................................................................................................................47
討論與實踐...............................................................................................................................48
練習與思考...............................................................................................................................49
第3課 數字媒體技術基礎...........................................................................51
3.1 數字媒體與電腦 ...........................................................................................................52
數字媒體技術概論——創新實踐十二課
IV
3.1.1 電腦形式的多樣性 ...........................................................................................52
3.1.2 電腦與數字媒體 ...............................................................................................53
3.2 電子電腦的誕生 ...........................................................................................................55
3.3 電子電腦的發展 ...........................................................................................................56
3.4 信息論與控制論 ..............................................................................................................58
3.5 電腦硬件系統 ..............................................................................................................59
3.6 電腦軟件系統 ..............................................................................................................60
3.7 電腦輸入設備 ..............................................................................................................62
3.7.1 字符輸入 ..............................................................................................................62
3.7.2 音頻輸入 ..............................................................................................................63
3.7.3 圖像輸入 ..............................................................................................................63
3.7.4 視頻輸入 ..............................................................................................................65
3.8 電腦輸出設備 ..............................................................................................................66
3.8.1 顯示器 ..................................................................................................................66
3.8.2 可觸摸顯示屏 ......................................................................................................66
3.8.3 投影儀 ..................................................................................................................67
本課學習重點 ...........................................................................................................................68
討論與實踐...............................................................................................................................69
練習與思考...............................................................................................................................70
第4課 數據壓縮技術...............................................................................72
4.1 數據壓縮的必要性 ...........................................................................................................73
4.2 信息冗餘與數據壓縮 .......................................................................................................74
4.3 數據壓縮編碼類型 ...........................................................................................................76
4.3.1 有損壓縮和無損壓縮 ...........................................................................................77
4.3.2 幀內壓縮和幀間壓縮 ...........................................................................................77
4.3.3 對稱壓縮和不對稱壓縮 .......................................................................................78
4.4 音頻壓縮與數字格式 .......................................................................................................78
4.4.1 數字音頻壓縮 ......................................................................................................78
4.4.2 音頻文件格式 ......................................................................................................78
4.5 數字圖像壓縮 ..................................................................................................................80
4.5.1 有損壓縮和無損壓縮 ...........................................................................................80
4.5.2 圖像及圖形格式 ..................................................................................................81
4.6 數字視頻壓縮 ..................................................................................................................81
4.7 數字視頻格式 ..................................................................................................................83
4.7.1 AVI格式 ...............................................................................................................83
4.7.2 MPEG/MPG格式 .................................................................................................84
4.7.3 流視頻格式 ..........................................................................................................85
4.7.4 MOV格式 ............................................................................................................85
本課學習重點 ...........................................................................................................................86
討論與實踐...............................................................................................................................87
目
錄
V
練習與思考...............................................................................................................................88
第5課 文字、圖形與圖像..........................................................................90
5.1 文字的意義 ......................................................................................................................91
5.2 字體與版式設計 ..............................................................................................................93
5.2.1 字體設計基礎 ......................................................................................................93
5.2.2 電腦字庫設計 ......................................................................................................93
5.2.3 創意字體設計 ......................................................................................................95
5.2.4 版式設計 ..............................................................................................................95
5.3 超文本與超媒體 ..............................................................................................................97
5.4 電腦圖形學簡介 ...........................................................................................................98
5.4.1 位圖與矢量圖 ......................................................................................................99
5.4.2 CGI技術和目標 .................................................................................................101
5.5 數字色彩與設計 ............................................................................................................102
5.5.1 色彩與色域圖 ....................................................................................................102
5.5.2 數字色彩模型 ....................................................................................................103
5.5.3 色彩心理學 ........................................................................................................105
5.5.4 數字色彩設計 ....................................................................................................106
5.6 數字繪畫 ........................................................................................................................109
5.7 Photoshop與數字圖像處理 ...........................................................................................112
5.8 插畫與圖表設計 ............................................................................................................116
本課學習重點 .........................................................................................................................118
討論與實踐.............................................................................................................................119
練習與思考.............................................................................................................................120
第6課 聲音、視頻與特效.........................................................................122
6.1 數字音頻基礎 ................................................................................................................123
6.2 數字音頻工作站 ............................................................................................................124
6.3 數字視頻技術 ................................................................................................................127
6.3.1 數字視頻及其特徵 .............................................................................................127
6.3.2 視頻技術參數 ....................................................................................................128
6.4 流媒體技術及產業 .........................................................................................................130
6.5 數字視頻編輯 ................................................................................................................132
6.5.1 影視剪輯的意義 ................................................................................................132
6.5.2 非線性編輯系統 ................................................................................................132
6.6 非線性編輯軟件 ............................................................................................................134
6.6.1 Adobe Premiere Pro 2023 ...................................................................................134
6.6.2 Apple Final Cut Pro X ........................................................................................134
6.6.3 iMovie 10 ...........................................................................................................135
6.6.4 DaVinci Resolve 18 ............................................................................................136
6.6.5 Vegas Pro 19 ......................................................................................................137
6.7 數字後期特效 ................................................................................................................138
6.7.1 電影特效及分類 ................................................................................................138
6.7.2 數字影像處理 ....................................................................................................139
6.7.3 數字後期特效軟件 .............................................................................................140
本課學習重點 .........................................................................................................................142
討論與實踐.............................................................................................................................143
練習與思考.............................................................................................................................144
第7課 數字動畫技術與設計......................................................................146
7.1 動畫定義及分類 ............................................................................................................147
7.1.1 動畫的定義 ........................................................................................................147
7.1.2 動畫的分類 ........................................................................................................147
7.2 電腦動畫概述 ............................................................................................................148
7.2.1 關鍵幀動畫 ........................................................................................................148
7.2.2 變形動畫 ............................................................................................................149
7.2.3 過程動畫 ............................................................................................................150
7.2.4 人體動畫 ............................................................................................................151
7.3 數字動畫的算法 ............................................................................................................153
7.4 數字動畫軟件 ................................................................................................................155
7.5 數字動畫設計原則 .........................................................................................................159
7.6 數字動畫製作流程 .........................................................................................................162
7.7 動畫的起源與發展 .........................................................................................................165
7.7.1 魔術燈與詭盤 ....................................................................................................165
7.7.2 動畫的誕生 ........................................................................................................166
7.7.3 傳統動畫發展歷程 .............................................................................................168
7.8 數字動畫簡史 ................................................................................................................171
7.8.1 CG技術革命 ......................................................................................................171
7.8.2 數字動畫時代 ....................................................................................................173
7.9 數字動畫發展趨勢 .........................................................................................................176
本課學習重點 .........................................................................................................................177
討論與實踐.............................................................................................................................178
練習與思考.............................................................................................................................179
第8課 數字游戲設計..............................................................................181
8.1 電子游戲概述 ................................................................................................................182
8.1.1 電子游戲的定義 ................................................................................................182
8.1.2 電子游戲產業 ....................................................................................................182
8.1.3 電子游戲的意義 ................................................................................................184
8.2 游戲與電子競技 ............................................................................................................186
8.3 數字游戲的類型 ............................................................................................................188
8.3.1 角色扮演類游戲 ................................................................................................189
8.3.2 即時戰略類游戲 ................................................................................................189
8.3.3 動作類和格鬥類游戲 .........................................................................................190
8.3.4 第一人稱射擊類游戲 .........................................................................................190
8.3.5 冒險類游戲 ........................................................................................................191
8.3.6 模擬類游戲 ........................................................................................................191
8.3.7 運動類游戲 ........................................................................................................192
8.3.8 桌面類游戲 ........................................................................................................192
8.3.9 其他類型的游戲 ................................................................................................193
8.4 游戲設計工作室 ............................................................................................................193
8.5 游戲原型設計 ................................................................................................................196
8.5.1 游戲設計流程 ....................................................................................................196
8.5.2 游戲設計思維 ....................................................................................................197
8.5.3 原型設計方法 ....................................................................................................200
8.6 游戲引擎軟件 ................................................................................................................200
8.6.1 游戲引擎技術簡介 .............................................................................................200
8.6.2 Unity引擎...........................................................................................................203
8.6.3 Unreal引擎 .........................................................................................................203
8.7 電子游戲的起源 ............................................................................................................204
8.8 游戲產業的發展 ............................................................................................................206
8.8.1 電子游戲機的誕生 .............................................................................................206
8.8.2 電腦游戲的發展 .............................................................................................208
8.8.3 手機游戲時代 ....................................................................................................210
本課學習重點 .........................................................................................................................212
討論與實踐.............................................................................................................................213
練習與思考.............................................................................................................................214
第9課 交互產品設計..............................................................................216
9.1 交互設計基礎 ................................................................................................................217
9.2 交互設計的發展 ............................................................................................................218
9.3 用戶體驗設計 ................................................................................................................220
9.4 交互設計流程 ................................................................................................................222
9.5 問題導向設計 ................................................................................................................225
9.6 用戶研究與畫像 ............................................................................................................226
9.7 思維導圖工具 ................................................................................................................228
9.8 產品需求報告書 ............................................................................................................231
本課學習重點 .........................................................................................................................235
討論與實踐.............................................................................................................................236
練習與思考.............................................................................................................................237
第10課 用戶界面設計.............................................................................239
10.1 理解用戶界面設計 ...................................................................................................240
10.2 界面風格簡史 ...........................................................................................................242
10.2.1 設計風格概述 ..............................................................................................242
10.2.2 擬物化界面風格 ..........................................................................................243
10.2.3 扁平化界面風格 ..........................................................................................244
10.2.4 新擬態界面設計 ..........................................................................................247
10.3 界面設計原則 ...........................................................................................................249
10.3.1 可用性十大原則 ..........................................................................................249
10.3.2 界面設計的基本規律 ..................................................................................250
10.3.3 界面體驗設計要點 ......................................................................................251
10.4 界面原型工具 ...........................................................................................................253
10.4.1 流程圖與線框圖 ..........................................................................................253
10.4.2 原型設計工具 ..............................................................................................257
10.4.3 Adobe XD界面設計 ....................................................................................258
10.5 列表與宮格設計 .......................................................................................................261
10.6 側欄與標簽設計 .......................................................................................................264
10.7 平移或滾動設計 .......................................................................................................265
10.8 圖文要素的設計 .......................................................................................................266
本課學習重點 ......................................................................................................................269
討論與實踐 .........................................................................................................................270
練習與思考 .........................................................................................................................271
第11課 虛擬現實技術....................................................................273
11.1 虛擬現實的基本概念 ................................................................................................273
11.2 虛擬現實的技術特徵 ................................................................................................276
11.3 虛擬現實系統的組成 ................................................................................................277
11.4 虛擬現實系統的分類 ................................................................................................278
11.4.1 桌面式虛擬現實系統 ..................................................................................278
11.4.2 沉浸式虛擬現實系統 ..................................................................................279
11.5 增強現實技術 ...........................................................................................................280
11.6 虛擬現實職業標準 ....................................................................................................282
11.7 虛擬現實課程體系 ....................................................................................................283
本課學習重點 ......................................................................................................................287
討論與實踐 .........................................................................................................................288
練習與思考 .........................................................................................................................289
第12課 數字媒體設計師.................................................................291
12.1 通用型人才標準 .......................................................................................................292
12.2 互聯網新興設計 .......................................................................................................293
12.3 素質與能力培養 .......................................................................................................295
12.3.1 雙腦協同，綜合實踐 ..................................................................................295
12.3.2 見微知著，關註細節 ..................................................................................296
12.3.3 軟件編程，數據挖掘 ..................................................................................298
12.4 觀察、傾聽與移情 ...................................................................................................300
12.5 團隊協作和交流 .......................................................................................................301
12.6 概念設計與可視化 ...................................................................................................302
12.7 趨勢洞察與設計 .......................................................................................................303
12.8 數字媒體作品的標準 ................................................................................................305
12.8.1 藝術與技術的統一 ......................................................................................305
12.8.2 新媒體與文化傳承 ......................................................................................307
本課學習重點 ......................................................................................................................309
討論與實踐 .........................................................................................................................310
練習與思考 .........................................................................................................................311
參考文獻..............................................................................................313
