C語言程序設計

第1 章 緒論 ··································.1
1.1 程序設計語言的發展 ············.1
1.1.1 程序 ························.1
1.1.2 程序設計 ··················.1
1.1.3 程序設計語言 ············.2
1.2 C 語言 ·······························.3
1.2.1 C 語言的特點 ·············.3
1.2.2 C 語言的結構 ·············.6
1.3 幾個簡單的 C 語言程序 ··········.6
1.4 C 語言程序的結構特點 ··········.9
1.5 C 語言程序的開發設計
過程 ··································.9
1.6 程序設計的過程 ················.10
1.7 書寫程序時應遵循的規則 ·····.11
1.8 對於 C 語言學習的認識 ·········.11
習題 ······································.12
第2 章 基本數據類型及運算符 ········.15
2.1 C 語言的字符集、關鍵字
和標識符 ··························.15
2.1.1 字符集 ···················.15
2.1.2 關鍵字 ···················.15
2.1.3 標識符 ···················.16
2.2 C 語言的數據類型 ··············.16
2.2.1 數據及數據類型
的概念 ···················.16
2.2.2 基本類型 ················.17
2.2.3 構造類型 ·················.17
2.2.4 其他類型 ·················.17
2.3 常量與變量 ·······················.18
2.3.1 常量 ·······················.18
2.3.2 變量 ·······················.19
2.4 整型數據 ··························.20
2.4.1 整型常量 ·················.20
2.4.2 整型變量 ·················.21
2.5 實型數據 ··························.23
2.5.1 實型常量 ·················.23
2.5.2 實型變量 ·················.23
2.6 字符數據 ··························.23
2.6.1 字符常量 ·················.23
2.6.2 轉義字符 ·················.24
2.6.3 字符變量 ·················.24
2.6.4 字符串常量 ··············.25
2.7 運算符和表達式 ·················.26
2.7.1 算術運算符和
算術表達式 ··············.27
2.7.2 賦值運算符和
賦值表達式 ··············.28
2.7.3 自增、自減運算符 ····.30
2.7.4 逗號運算符和
逗號表達式 ··············.31
2.7.5 sizeof 運算符 ············.31
2.7.6 位運算 ····················.32
2.8 運算符的優先級 ·················.35
2.9 混合運算中的類型轉換問題 ·.36
2.9.1 自動類型轉換 ··········.36
2.9.2 強制類型轉換 ··········.37
2.10 小結 ······························.38
習題 ······································.39
第3 章 順序結構 ··························.42
3.1 C 語言語句 ·······················.42
3.2 數據的輸出和輸入 ·············.43
3.2.1 printf( )函數和
scanf( )函數 ·············.43
3.2.2 其他輸入輸出函數 ····.50
3.3 順序結構程序設計舉例 ·······.53
3.4 小結 ································.58
習題 ······································.58
第4 章 分支結構 ··························.62
4.1 邏輯判斷 ·························.62
4.1.1 關系運算符與
關系表達式 ·············.62
4.1.2 邏輯運算符和
邏輯表達式 ·············.63
4.1.3 條件運算符 ·············.65
4.2 if 語句 ·····························.66
4.2.1 if 語句的簡單形式 ·····.66
4.2.2 if…else 語句 ············.69
4.2.3 if…else if…else
語句 ······················.73
4.2.4 if 語句的嵌套 ···········.76
4.3 if 語句應用舉例 ·················.79
4.4 switch 語句 ·······················.83
4.5 無條件轉移語句（goto） ·····.87
4.6 小結 ································.88
習題 ······································.88
第5 章 循環結構 ··························.92
5.1 while 語句 ························.92
5.1.1 while 語句的結構 ······.93
5.1.2 while 語句的使用 ······.95
5.2 do…while 語句 ··················.100
5.2.1 do…while 語句的
結構 ······················.100
5.2.2 do…while 語句的
使用 ······················.101
5.3 for 語句 ···························.103
5.3.1 for 語句的結構 ·········.103
5.3.2 for 語句的使用 ·········.105
5.4 循環中 break 和 continue
語句的使用 ······················.108
5.5 循環語句的嵌套 ················.111
5.6 3 種循環的比較 ·················.113
5.7 循環語句的綜合應用 ··········.114
5.8 小結 ·······························.119
習題 ······································.119
第6 章 函數 ·······························.124
6.1 函數的概念 ······················.124
6.1.1 庫函數 ···················.125
6.1.2 自定義函數 ·············.125
6.1.3 自定義函數的調用 ···.128
6.2 變量的作用域和存儲類別 ····.133
6.2.1 變量的作用域 ··········.134
6.2.2 變量的存儲類別·······.137
6.3 內部函數和外部函數 ··········.141
6.3.1 內部函數 ················.141
6.3.2 外部函數 ················.141
6.4 函數的遞歸調用 ················.142
6.5 模塊程序設計實例 ·············.146
6.6 小結 ·······························.156
習題 ······································.157
第7 章 數組 ·······························.162
7.1 一維數組 ·························.163
7.1.1 一維數組的定義·······.163
7.1.2 一維數組的初始化 ···.164
7.1.3 一維數組的引用·······.164
7.2 二維數組及多維數組 ··········.170
7.2.1 二維數組的定義 ······.170
7.2.2 二維數組的初始化 ···.170
7.2.3 二維數組元素的
引用 ·····················.171
7.2.4 三維數組及討論 ······.172
7.2.5 二維數組的應用 ······.172
7.3 字符數組與字符串 ············.174
7.3.1 字符數組和字符串
的初始化 ···············.174
7.3.2 常用字符串庫函數 ···.178
7.3.3 字符數組與字符串
的應用 ··················.180
7.4 數組作為函數的參數 ·········.183
7.5 數組綜合應用舉例 ············.186
7.6 小結 ·······························.192
習題 ·····································.193
第8 章 指針 ·······························.199
8.1 變量的地址和指針 ············.199
8.1.1 指針變量的定義 ······.200
8.1.2 指針運算符 ············.200
8.1.3 指針的運算 ············.203
8.1.4 指針運算符與單目
運算符的優先級 ······.204
8.2 指針變量作為函數參數 ······.207
8.3 多級指針 ························.210
8.4 指針與數組 ·····················.211
8.4.1 指針與一維數組 ······.211
8.4.2 指針與二維數組 ······.213
8.4.3 數組指針 ···············.215
8.4.4 指針數組 ···············.216
8.5 指向函數的指針 ···············.217
8.5.1 指向函數指針的
定義 ·····················.217
8.5.2 指向函數指針的
引用 ·····················.217
8.6 命令行參數的使用 ············.220
8.7 指針應用程序舉例 ············.222
8.8 小結 ·······························.225
習題 ······································.225
第9 章 用戶自定義數據類型 ··········.230
9.1 結構類型 ·························.230
9.1.1 結構類型的定義·······.230
9.1.2 結構類型變量的
定義 ······················.231
9.1.3 結構類型變量的
初始化和引用 ··········.233
9.1.4 結構類型數組 ··········.237
9.1.5 結構類型指針 ··········.239
9.1.6 結構體在函數中的
使用 ······················.240
9.1.7 鏈表的概念及
簡單應用 ················.245
9.2 位域 ·······························.258
9.3 聯合類型 ·························.260
9.4 枚舉類型 ·························.263
9.5 數據類型別名的定義 ··········.267
9.6 小結 ·······························.269
習題 ······································.270
第10 章 文件 ······························.274
10.1 文件的概念 ····················.274
10.1.1 C 語言中的文件 ······.274
10.1.2 標準級（流式）
輸入輸出 ················.274
10.1.3 文件指針 ··············.275
10.2 文件的打開與關閉 ···········.275
10.2.1 文件的打開 ···········.275
10.2.2 文件的關閉 ···········.276
10.3 常用文件讀寫函數 ···········.278
10.3.1 字節級讀寫函數 ·····.278
10.3.2 字符串級讀寫
函數 ······················.280
10.3.3 格式化讀寫函數 ·····.281
10.3.4 塊讀寫函數 ···········.284
10.4 文件定位與隨機讀寫 ········.287
10.5 文件操作錯誤檢測 ···········.289
10.6 小結 ·····························.290
習題 ·····································.290
第11 章 預處理命令 ·····················.294
11.1 宏定義 ··························.294
11.1.1 無參數的宏定義 ·····.294
11.1.2 帶參數的宏定義 ·····.298
11.2 文件包含 ·······················.300
11.3 條件編譯 ·······················.301
11.3.1 第 1 種條件編譯 ······.301
11.3.2 第 2 種條件編譯 ······.302
11.3.3 第 3 種條件編譯 ······.302
11.4 小結 ·····························.304
習題 ······································.304
附錄A 常用庫函數 ·······················.307
A.1 數學函數 ························.307
A.2 字符函數和字符串函數 ······.308
A.3 輸入輸出函數 ··················.309
A.4 動態存儲分配函數 ············.311
附錄B 常用字符與ASCII 碼
對照表 ·····························.312
參考文獻 ······································.314