Unreal Engine 4 學習總動員：藍圖應用

張寶榮，電腦圖形圖像領域骨灰級玩家，精通Maya、Houdini、UE4等軟體。從事3D動畫技術、影視特效技術、遊戲開發技術、虛擬現實技術研究與教學二十多年。出版有Maya、Houdini等技術專著近20部。長年奮戰在技術研發與教學一線，始終跟蹤研究國際前沿的行業專業技術。參與制作過多部數字電影、電視劇、MTV等項目，任職特效導演。擔任過多家專業培訓機構教學總監。國內電腦圖形圖像領域跨專業、多學科、總合性的具有技術實力和教學水平的領軍人物。

第1章 藍圖簡介 ..............................................................................................1

1.1 藍圖的工作原理 .......................................................................................................2

1.2 常用的藍圖類型 .......................................................................................................2

1.3 藍圖還能夠做什麼 ....................................................................................................3

1.4 藍圖編輯器和圖表 ....................................................................................................5

第2章 常規腳本 ..............................................................................................6

2.1 基礎腳本 ..................................................................................................................7

2.1.1 變量 .......................................................................................................................................7

2.1.2 執行流程 ...............................................................................................................................7

2.1.3 陣列和結構 ...........................................................................................................................7

2.2 藍圖中的轉換 ...........................................................................................................7

2.3 事件 ..........................................................................................................................8

2.3.1 Event Level Reset ..................................................................................................................9

2.3.2 Event Actor Begin Overlap ...................................................................................................9

2.3.3 Event Actor End Overlap ......................................................................................................9

2.3.4 Event Hit .............................................................................................................................10

2.3.5 Event Any Damage ..............................................................................................................11

2.3.6 Event Point Damage ............................................................................................................11

2.3.7 Event Radial Damage ..........................................................................................................12

2.3.8 Event Actor Begin Cursor Over ..........................................................................................13

2.3.9 Event Actor End Cursor Over .............................................................................................13

2.3.10 Event Begin Play ...............................................................................................................13

2.3.11 Event End Play ..................................................................................................................14

2.3.12 Event Destroyed ................................................................................................................14

2.3.13 Event Tick .........................................................................................................................14

2.3.14 Event Receive Draw HUD ................................................................................................15

2.3.15 Custom Event ....................................................................................................................15

2.4 藍圖中的結構體變量 ..............................................................................................19

2.4.1 創建結構體 .........................................................................................................................19

2.4.2 訪問結構體信息 .................................................................................................................20

2.4.3 拆分結構體 .........................................................................................................................21

第3章 建造藍圖 ............................................................................................24

3.1 藍圖剖析 ................................................................................................................25

3.1.1 藍圖類 ................................................................................................................................. 25

3.1.2 藍圖基礎用戶指南 ............................................................................................................. 28

3.1.3 組件 ..................................................................................................................................... 34

3.1.4 事件圖表 ............................................................................................................................. 39

3.1.5 圖表 ..................................................................................................................................... 39

3.1.6 構造腳本 ............................................................................................................................. 41

3.2 用藍圖工作 .............................................................................................................41

3.2.1 藍圖編輯器速查表 ............................................................................................................. 42

3.2.2 藍圖搜索 ............................................................................................................................. 45

3.2.3 藍圖調試1 ........................................................................................................................... 47

3.2.4 藍圖調試2 ........................................................................................................................... 50

3.2.5 注釋 ..................................................................................................................................... 55

3.3 藍圖指導 ................................................................................................................57

3.3.1 創建藍圖類 ......................................................................................................................... 58

3.3.2 連接節點 ............................................................................................................................. 59

3.3.3 重疊圖表 ............................................................................................................................. 65

3.3.4 設置和獲取Actor引用 ........................................................................................................ 70

3.3.5 創建函數 ............................................................................................................................. 76

3.3.6 藍圖用戶指南：變量 ......................................................................................................... 80

3.3.7 直接藍圖通信 ..................................................................................................................... 86

3.3.8 藍圖轉換範例 ..................................................................................................................... 89

3.3.9 事件分配器 ......................................................................................................................... 92

3.3.10 創建宏 ............................................................................................................................... 96

3.3.11 放置節點 ........................................................................................................................... 99

3.3.12 使用陳列 ......................................................................................................................... 103

3.3.13 使用接口 ......................................................................................................................... 109

3.3.14 使用宏庫 ......................................................................................................................... 115

3.4 藍圖最佳方法 .......................................................................................................118

3.4.1 關卡藍圖vs藍圖類 ........................................................................................................... 118

3.4.2 類變量vs本地變量 ........................................................................................................... 119

3.4.3 函數vs宏 ........................................................................................................................... 119

3.4.4 藍圖通信類型 ................................................................................................................... 120

3.4.5 常規提示 ........................................................................................................................... 120

第4章 藍圖通信 ..........................................................................................122

4.1 藍圖通信用法 .......................................................................................................123

4.2 藍圖通信項目 .......................................................................................................125

4.2.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 125

4.2.2 所需資源的設置 ............................................................................................................... 126

4.2.3 對所需角色的設置 ........................................................................................................... 131

4.2.4 生成可射擊的岩石 ........................................................................................................... 135

4.2.5 從關卡傳遞信息到角色 ................................................................................................... 139

4.2.6 銷毀岩石 ........................................................................................................................... 142

4.2.7 使用HUD通信 .................................................................................................................. 145

4.2.8 發揮想像 ........................................................................................................................... 147

4.3 管理藍圖通信 .......................................................................................................148

4.3.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 148

4.3.2 引用目標藍圖的簡單方法 ............................................................................................... 148

4.3.3 引用目標藍圖的其他方法 ............................................................................................... 151

4.3.4 問題解決 ........................................................................................................................... 153

4.3.5 藍圖接口遷移 ................................................................................................................... 153

4.4 事件調度器 ...........................................................................................................154

4.4.1 綁定及解除綁定事件 ....................................................................................................... 156

4.4.2 調用事件調度器 ............................................................................................................... 158

4.4.3 創建調度事件 ................................................................................................................... 160

4.5 藍圖接口 ..............................................................................................................161

4.5.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 161

4.5.2 創建藍圖接口 ................................................................................................................... 162

4.5.3 編輯藍圖接口 ................................................................................................................... 162

4.5.4 實現藍圖接口 ................................................................................................................... 164

第5章 藍圖編輯器 .......................................................................................168

5.1 藍圖編輯器模式 ...................................................................................................169

5.2 藍圖類UI ..............................................................................................................170

5.3 僅包含數據的藍圖UI ............................................................................................171

5.4 藍圖接口用戶界面 ................................................................................................171

5.4.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 171

5.4.2 藍圖接口編輯器用戶界面 ............................................................................................... 171

5.5 關卡藍圖UI ...........................................................................................................172

5.5.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 172

5.5.2 接口 ................................................................................................................................... 173

5.6 宏庫UI ..................................................................................................................173

5.7 編譯器結果 ...........................................................................................................174

5.7.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 174

5.7.2 界面 ................................................................................................................................... 174

5.7.3 打開編譯器結果面板 ....................................................................................................... 175

5.7.4 錯誤和警告瀏覽 ............................................................................................................... 175

5.8 調試面板 ..............................................................................................................176

5.8.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 176

5.8.2 界面 ................................................................................................................................... 176

5.9 詳細信息面板 .......................................................................................................177

5.9.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 177

5.9.2 界面 ................................................................................................................................... 177

5.10 搜索結果面板 .....................................................................................................178

5.10.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................. 178

5.10.2 界面 ................................................................................................................................. 179

5.11 菜單 ....................................................................................................................179

5.11.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................. 179

5.11.2 文件 ................................................................................................................................. 180

5.11.3 編輯 ................................................................................................................................. 180

5.11.4 資源 ................................................................................................................................. 180

5.11.5 視圖 ................................................................................................................................. 180

5.11.6 調試 ................................................................................................................................. 181

5.11.7 窗口 ................................................................................................................................. 181

5.12 我的藍圖 ............................................................................................................181

5.12.1 創建按鈕 ......................................................................................................................... 182

5.12.2 我的藍圖部分 ................................................................................................................. 182

5.12.3 在我的藍圖中進行搜索 .................................................................................................. 183

5.13 Palette（面板） .................................................................................................183

5.13.1 提煉面板結果 ................................................................................................................. 184

5.13.2 放置節點 ......................................................................................................................... 184

5.14 藍圖編輯器視口 .................................................................................................185

5.14.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................. 185

5.14.2 視圖菜單 ......................................................................................................................... 185

第6章 藍圖技術指南 ...................................................................................186

6.1 暴露遊戲元素給藍圖 ............................................................................................187

6.1.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 187

6.1.2 創建藍圖可以繼承的類 ................................................................................................... 187

6.1.3 可讀和可寫屬性 ............................................................................................................... 188

6.1.4 可執行和可重載的函數 ................................................................................................... 188

6.2 藍圖編程指南 .......................................................................................................189

6.2.1 速度 ................................................................................................................................... 189

6.2.2 複雜度 ............................................................................................................................... 190

6.2.3 範例 ................................................................................................................................... 190

6.2.4 創建藍圖API：提示和技巧 ............................................................................................ 190

6.3 原生化藍圖 ...........................................................................................................192

6.3.1 啟用藍圖原生化 ............................................................................................................... 192

6.3.2 從轉換中排除藍圖 ........................................................................................................... 193

6.4 高級藍圖原生化 ...................................................................................................193

6.4.1 使用虛幻自動化工具進行構建 .......................................................................................... 193

6.4.2 C 協作 ............................................................................................................................ 193

6.4.3 技術細節 ........................................................................................................................... 194

第7章 在線會話節點 ...................................................................................195

7.1 在線會話節點 .......................................................................................................196

7.2 創建會話 ..............................................................................................................196

7.3 尋找會話 ..............................................................................................................196

7.4 加入會話 ..............................................................................................................196

7.5 銷毀會話 ..............................................................................................................196

7.6 錯誤處理節點 .......................................................................................................197

7.7 Event Network Error ............................................................................................197

7.8 Event Travel Error .................................................................................................197

第8章 Bitmask藍圖變量 ..............................................................................198

8.1 創建位掩碼變量 ...................................................................................................199

8.2 在運行時構建位掩碼 ............................................................................................199

8.3 位掩碼用法 ...........................................................................................................200

第9章 藍圖應用實戰 ...................................................................................202

9.1 藍圖數組 ..............................................................................................................203

9.1.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 203

9.1.2 創建數組 ........................................................................................................................... 203

9.1.3 編輯數組 ........................................................................................................................... 204

9.1.4 數組默認值 ....................................................................................................................... 204

9.1.5 通過節點網絡設置數組值 ............................................................................................... 205

9.1.6 數組索引 ........................................................................................................................... 205

9.1.7 數組節點 ........................................................................................................................... 205

9.2 流程控制 ..............................................................................................................208

9.2.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 208

9.2.2 開關節點 ........................................................................................................................... 208

9.2.3 編輯開關節點 ................................................................................................................... 208

9.2.4 標準流程控制節點 ........................................................................................................... 209

9.3 函數 ......................................................................................................................218

9.3.1 訪問修飾符 ....................................................................................................................... 218

9.3.2 純函數和非純函數 ........................................................................................................... 219

9.3.3 創建函數 ........................................................................................................................... 219

9.3.4 編輯函數 ........................................................................................................................... 220

9.3.5 調用函數 ........................................................................................................................... 222

9.3.6 函數疑難解答 ................................................................................................................... 223

9.3.7 函數調用 ........................................................................................................................... 224

9.4 宏 .........................................................................................................................224

9.4.1 創建藍圖宏 ....................................................................................................................... 224

9.4.2 構建藍圖宏 ....................................................................................................................... 226

9.5 數學表達式節點 ...................................................................................................228

9.5.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 228

9.5.2 變量 ................................................................................................................................... 230

9.5.3 運算順序 ........................................................................................................................... 230

9.5.4 可用的藍圖函數 ............................................................................................................... 230

9.5.5 基本結構體類型 ............................................................................................................... 231

9.5.6 支持的操作符 ................................................................................................................... 231

9.5.7 不支持的操作符 ............................................................................................................... 231

9.6 節點 ......................................................................................................................232

9.6.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 232

9.6.2 應用節點 ........................................................................................................................... 232

9.6.3 放置節點 ........................................................................................................................... 232

9.6.4 選擇節點 ........................................................................................................................... 233

9.6.5 移動節點 ........................................................................................................................... 234

9.6.6 引腳 ................................................................................................................................... 234

9.6.7 連線 ................................................................................................................................... 236

9.6.8 合併的圖表 ....................................................................................................................... 239

9.7 隨機流 ..................................................................................................................243

9.7.1 RandomStream（隨機流）變量 ........................................................................................... 243

9.7.2 隨機流函數 ....................................................................................................................... 244

9.7.3 初始種子 ........................................................................................................................... 245

9.8 時間軸 ..................................................................................................................246

9.8.1 創建時間軸 ....................................................................................................................... 247

9.8.2 編輯時間軸 ....................................................................................................................... 248

9.8.3 閃光燈 ............................................................................................................................... 250

9.8.4 開門 ................................................................................................................................... 252

9.8.5 關鍵幀和曲線 ................................................................................................................... 253

9.8.6 時間軸節點 ....................................................................................................................... 255

附錄 藍圖術語表 .........................................................................................261