Starting Life as a Midwife: An International Review of Transition from Student to Practitioner
暫譯: 作為助產士的起步：從學生到執業者的國際轉型回顧

本卷探討了助產畢業生在進入實踐時所面臨的獨特挑戰。它識別了各大洲助產教育、規範和臨床實踐的相似性和差異，檢視了許多國家為助產畢業生提供的各種支持系統，並確定了已被證明有效支持助產畢業生的共同策略（正式和非正式）及方法。本書匯集了新助產士在註冊實踐中起步的經驗，分享他們在過渡到自信的從業者過程中所面臨的挑戰和勝利。它識別、解釋並詳細說明了各國支持新助產士的既有和創新的新機制，並檢視了過渡到實踐的經驗對未來專業實踐、韌性和可持續性可能產生的影響。在新畢業生過渡到實踐期間缺乏支持與助產專業的早期流失有關。壓力、幻滅和橫向暴力被確定為影響助產流失率的因素。探索目前在不同國家可用的各種支持機制，可能會促進最佳實踐的分享，以為新助產士提供過渡到實踐的計劃並產生進一步的研究。每一章都經過調和，以便於國際間的比較，並使用每個國家的具體立法、規範和助產士註冊來解釋產科服務的背景。助產學生為合格實踐的準備過程被概述，以解釋助產學生如何接受訓練並融入這一職業，在實習中獲得指導，然後過渡到註冊助產士的身份。本書對助產士、管理者、教育者以及對國際助產實踐感興趣的新畢業生具有吸引力。

Michelle Gray has 25 years of midwifery practice experience working in a diverse range of maternity services in England and Australia; providing midwifery care to women in and out of hospital.

For the last ten years she has been a midwifery academic at the University of the Sunshine Coast where she has lead a Masters of Midwifery program 2007- 2015. More recently Michelle has coordinated the Bachelor of Midwifery program which commenced in February, 2017.

Michelle has a particular interest in midwifery regulation, registration, and standards of midwifery practice and education. This is evident in her professional engagement activities which include her professional engagement activities with the Australian College of Midwives (ACM) as Council representative for Queensland, Chair and committee member for ACM Queensland Branch; and reviewer for Elsevier articles and books. Finally, Michelle's PhD thesis completed in September, 2016 investigated, 'Midwives' responses to the changed condition for registration renewal in Australia'. Her findings have been published in Australian and International peer-reviewed journals, and she has completed many conference presentations on her findings.

Michelle's interest in midwifery regulation, education and practice led her to undertake a six month sabbatical in Ontario, Canada, June-December 2015, where she collaborated with international midwives on the examination of the support of new midwives in practice. This focus was the initiative that led to the creation of this collaborative international book dedicated to examining the experiences of new midwives as they transition into registered practice.

Dr. Ellen Kitson-Reynolds is a Midwifery Programmes Manager and principle lecturer in the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, and a Post-doctoral Clinical academic Midwife. She has led the three year Bachelor of Science Midwifery (Honours) and Master of Science Midwifery programmes since 2011 and successfully validated a BSc and MSc 2 year midwifery (with advance standing) programme for adult nurses. Her education leadership is realized through her role as the Lead Midwife for Education in the University of Southampton and supporting students at all academic levels and clinical experiences.

Ellen's clinical and published expertise covers clinical decision making, supporting newly qualified midwives and educational advances for pre-registration midwifery education, bladder management linked to birth and a special interest in autistic spectrum disorders linked to maternity services. Ellen's continued clinical support is that of a professional midwifery advocate and works in partnership with clinicians to support transition to first post. This has stemmed from her Clinical doctorate thesis entitled: 'The lived experiences of newly qualified midwives'.

Dr. Allison Cummins has completed a PhD on Enabling New Graduate Midwives to work in Midwifery Continuity of Care Models in Australia. She currently teaches in both the undergraduate Bachelor of Midwifery and post-graduate midwifery programs at the University of Technology Sydney. Allison also supervises PhD students in Midwifery with a special interest in women's experience of midwifery services. She has developed teaching and learning grants, including a one-touch midwifery app for smartphones, and other online and workshop projects.

Allison is currently conducting research that aims to evaluate midwifery led care in Australia.

Allison has a number of publications from both her research and teaching and learning grants. In addition, she has co-authored a book, "Stories in Midwifery" and contributed to textbook chapters on midwifery and maternity care.

Allison has been a practicing midwife for over 20 years working with women in home and hospital settings. She continues to work as a midwife at Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital on a casual basis, her practice complementing her teaching role. She also provides private antenatal classes to women and their partners. She is an active member of the Australian College of Midwives and sits on its Professional Development committee.

米歇爾·格雷（Michelle Gray）擁有25年的助產經驗，曾在英國和澳大利亞的多樣化產科服務中工作，為住院和非住院的女性提供助產護理。

在過去的十年中，她一直是陽光海岸大學（University of the Sunshine Coast）的助產學術專家，並於2007年至2015年期間主導助產碩士課程。最近，米歇爾協調了於2017年2月開始的助產學學士課程。

米歇爾對助產規範、註冊以及助產實踐和教育標準特別感興趣。這在她的專業參與活動中得以體現，包括作為昆士蘭州的澳大利亞助產士學會（ACM）理事會代表、ACM昆士蘭分會的主席和委員會成員，以及Elsevier文章和書籍的審稿人。最後，米歇爾於2016年9月完成的博士論文研究了「助產士對澳大利亞註冊續期變更條件的反應」。她的研究結果已發表在澳大利亞和國際的同行評審期刊上，並在多個會議上展示了她的研究成果。

米歇爾對助產規範、教育和實踐的興趣使她於2015年6月至12月在加拿大安大略省進行了為期六個月的休假，期間她與國際助產士合作，研究支持新助產士的實踐。這一重點是促成這本國際合作書籍的創建，旨在探討新助產士在轉型為註冊實踐過程中的經歷。

艾倫·基特森-雷諾茲博士（Dr. Ellen Kitson-Reynolds）是英國南安普敦大學健康科學學院的助產課程經理和主要講師，也是臨床學術助產士。自2011年以來，她一直主導三年制的助產學（榮譽）理學士和助產學碩士課程，並成功驗證了一個針對成人護理師的兩年制助產學（具有先前學分）課程。她的教育領導體現在她作為南安普敦大學教育首席助產士的角色，支持各學術層級和臨床經驗的學生。

艾倫的臨床和發表專業涵蓋臨床決策、支持新合格助產士以及助產學預註冊教育的教育進展，與分娩相關的膀胱管理，以及與產科服務相關的自閉症譜系障礙的特殊興趣。艾倫持續的臨床支持是作為專業助產士的倡導者，並與臨床醫生合作，支持新助產士的過渡。這源於她的臨床博士論文題目為「新合格助產士的生活經歷」。

艾莉森·卡明斯博士（Dr. Allison Cummins）完成了一項關於使新畢業助產士能夠在澳大利亞的助產持續護理模式中工作的博士學位。她目前在悉尼科技大學的本科助產學和研究生助產學課程中授課。艾莉森還指導助產學的博士生，特別關注女性對助產服務的經驗。她開發了教學和學習資助，包括一款針對智能手機的一鍵助產應用程式，以及其他在線和工作坊項目。

艾莉森目前正在進行一項旨在評估澳大利亞助產主導護理的研究。

艾莉森擁有多篇來自她的研究和教學學習資助的出版物。此外，她還共同撰寫了一本書《助產故事》（Stories in Midwifery），並為助產和產科護理的教科書章節作出貢獻。

艾莉森作為助產士已有超過20年的經驗，曾在家庭和醫院環境中為女性提供服務。她目前在悉尼的皇家阿爾弗雷德醫院以兼職身份繼續擔任助產士，她的實踐與教學角色相輔相成。她還為女性及其伴侶提供私人產前課程。她是澳大利亞助產士學會的活躍成員，並在其專業發展委員會中任職。