Dynamic Response of Coasts and Estuaries to Human Impacts: Problems and Solutions

海岸線涵蓋了海洋、河口和淡水環境中多樣的生態系統。這些地區是人口最密集和最受歡迎的地區之一，也是最受威脅的自然棲息地之一。海岸帶對於居住在那裡的人民以及地球的健康至關重要。許多世界河口和海岸環境正面臨全球變暖和人為影響增加的巨大壓力。溫暖的海水、上升的海平面、熱帶氣旋、風暴潮和洪水以及海岸侵蝕等因素正影響著全球的海岸社區，並改變這些環境。像是與風暴潮相關的風暴事件和破壞珊瑚礁的海洋熱浪等海岸災害正以更高的頻率和強度增加。污水排放、過度捕撈、航道疏浚、土地開墾、建設航運港口和海洋塑料等人類活動也導致了海岸污染和退化。

因此，對於海岸環境的現狀有一個良好的了解，以及從這些人為影響中獲得的教訓，對於恢復和保護這些棲息地和生態系統免受進一步的環境退化甚至災難性影響非常有價值。在這本書中，通過案例研究來講述這些環境如何應對嚴重的人為干擾，以及從環境和資源管理的角度來看，出現了哪些正確和錯誤的情況。本書的讀者包括高年級本科海洋學生和海岸工程和管理工作者。

Professor Xiao Hua Wang graduated from Ocean University of China, and holds a PhD in Physical Oceanography from James Cook University in Australia. He is the Co-leader of the Sino-Australian Research Consortium for Coastal Management (SARCCM), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia, and an associate editor for Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (IF= 3.229Q1) and Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (2.634 Q1), respectively. He was the Director of International Student Recruitment and Exchange (2018-2020), UNSW Canberra, and the Founding Director of the Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management (SARCCM, 2010-2020), UNSW. He has over 30 years experience in both undergraduate teaching and postgraduate supervision. His research concerns observing (including satellite remote sensing) and modelling of coastal oceans, sediment transport dynamics, and understanding of coastal management issues impacted by anthropogenic drivers and climate change. He has over 160 publications including eminent international peer-reviewed journal papers, book chapters and one book. His publication rate is 14.6 journal papers per year over the last five years (2017-2021), 90% of which belong to 1st quartile SJR Journals. His SciVal indexed research outputs in this period are ranked the highest among top international peers in the field. Google Scholar consistently ranks him in top 15 researchers in 'coastal oceanography', 'sediment dynamics' and 'coastal management'. His work has been funded by a variety sources including the Australia Research Council and the EU Framework. He has been awarded a total of 11 competitive grants in the last five years (2017-2021) with a total cash income of $1.82M (including co-lead CI for an industry grant of $1.25M). In 2010, he initiated and established the Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management, a UNSW-led Research Centre with multidisciplinary and multi-faculty reach. he directed the Centre until 2020. In 2020, SARCCM evolved to become the Sino-Australian Research Consortium for Coastal Management. It works closely with the Ocean University of China in collaborative research on oceanography and coastal management, with a particular foci on research and research training in observing and modelling hydrodynamics, sediment transport and biochemical processes in coastal environments (bays, harbours, estuaries and their adjacent shelf waters). An emerging capability is in research higher degree training in environmental management that combines human and biophysical research insights into actionable knowledge. He currently co-leads the Consortium, which comprises a strong team of 18 researchers from UNSW (including 4 Professors and 4 Associate Professors), its collaborating organizations (including USYD, USQ, UoW and the Ocean University of China - OUC) and industry partners (including the Bureau of Metrology and Marina Industry Association), as well as 2 externally funded postdoctoral fellows and 13 HDR students. This has enabled a wide range of excellent fundamental and applied research, including multidisciplinary projects on coastal science and management involving several fields. Research outcomes advanced by the Consortium span environments including Sydney and Gold Coast beaches, Shoalwater Bay, Jervis Bay, Batemans Bay and Darwin Harbour (Australia), the Po River and Adriatic Sea (Italy), Yellow and East China Seas (China), Yellow River and the Yangtze River estuaries, Jiaozhou Bay (China), Youngsan River estuary and the Mokpo Coastal Zone (South Korea); alongside legal frameworks of environmental protection in Australia and China. Prof Wang has well-developed national and international networks, including longstanding collaborations with Professors George Mellor (Princeton University), Eric Wolanski (JCU) and Peter Steinberg (SIMS/UNSW), who have also been outstanding research and strategic mentors. He has been involved in several international collaborative projects with both European and US scientists. He was a Visiting Scientist at Princeton University USA in 1995; a Visiting Scientist at the Institute of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences-CNR, Italy in 1999; a Visiting Professor at the University of Bologna Italy in 2001; and a guest investigator at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 2005. From 1999-2004, He spent approximately one month per year in Bolonga, Italy to conduct studies on the Adriatic Sea. Since 2005, he has spent one month per year in China as part of advanced investigations of sediment dynamics in the Yellow and East China Seas.

Prof Wang is the Coordinator for China Scholarship Council (CSC) Scholarship program at UNSW. He initiated and subsequently managed an MOU for academic exchange and research collaboration between UNSW and Ocean University of China (OUC) since 2008. This agreement has resulted in a total of 50 CSC sponsored OUC PhDs enrolled at UNSW and numerous academics visits (including short to long term visiting fellows) between two institutions. Subsequently, the UNSW and OUC signed the Agreement for a Joint PhD Program in November 2020. Prof Wang has again played a major role in brokering this major collaborative initiative. The UNSW-OUC Joint PhD Program allows candidates to undertake a PhD jointly provided by the two institutions. In January 2022, the CSC approved UNSW-OUC International Training Program for Innovative Talents, which provides up to 10 HDR scholarships per year for 3 years from OUC to UNSW.

王曉華教授畢業於中國海洋大學，並在澳大利亞詹姆斯·庫克大學獲得物理海洋學博士學位。他是澳大利亞新南威爾士大學（UNSW）的中澳沿海管理研究聯盟（SARCCM）的聯合領導人，並分別擔任《河口、海岸和架構科學》（IF=3.229Q1）和《湖沼學和海洋學：方法》（2.634 Q1）的副編輯。他曾擔任UNSW堪培拉校區國際學生招生和交流主任（2018-2020年），以及SARCCM創始主任（2010-2020年）。他在本科教學和研究生指導方面擁有超過30年的經驗。他的研究涉及沿海海洋的觀測（包括衛星遙感）和模擬、沉積物運移動力學，以及受人為驅動因素和氣候變化影響的沿海管理問題的理解。他發表了超過160篇著名的國際同行評審期刊論文、專書章節和一本專書。在過去五年（2017-2021年）中，他的論文發表率為每年14.6篇，其中90%屬於第一四分位SJR期刊。他在這一時期的SciVal索引研究成果在該領域的頂尖國際同行中排名最高。Google Scholar一直將他列為“沿海海洋學”、“沉積動力學”和“沿海管理”領域的前15名研究人員。他的研究得到了澳大利亞研究委員會和歐盟框架等多種資助。在過去五年（2017-2021年）中，他獲得了總共11項競爭性資助，總現金收入為182萬美元（包括一項125萬美元的產業資助的聯合首席研究員）。2010年，他發起並建立了中澳沿海管理研究中心，這是一個由UNSW領導的跨學科和多學院的研究中心。他一直擔任該中心的主任直到2020年。2020年，SARCCM發展成為中澳沿海管理研究聯盟。它與中國海洋大學密切合作，在海洋學和沿海管理方面進行合作研究，特別關注沿海環境（海灣、港口、河口和鄰近的海域）中水動力學、沉積物運移和生物化學過程的觀測和模擬研究以及研究生環境管理的培訓。他目前共同領導著這個聯盟，其中包括來自UNSW（包括4位教授和4位副教授）、合作組織（包括USYD、USQ、UoW和中國海洋大學）和行業合作夥伴（包括氣象局和海洋產業協會）的18名研究人員，以及2名外部資助的博士後研究員和13名研究生。這使得該聯盟能夠進行廣泛的優秀基礎和應用研究，包括涉及多個領域的沿海科學和管理的跨學科項目。聯盟推動的研究成果涵蓋了悉尼和黃金海岸的海灘、Shoalwater Bay、Jervis Bay、Batemans Bay和達爾文港（澳大利亞）、波河和亞得里亞海（意大利）、黃海和東海（中國）、黃河和長江河口、膠州灣（中國）、龍山江河口和木浦沿海地區（韓國），以及澳大利亞和中國的環境保護法律框架。王教授擁有發展完善的國內外網絡，包括與喬治·梅洛教授（普林斯頓大學）、埃里克·沃蘭斯基教授（JCU）和彼得·斯坦伯格教授（SIMS/UNSW）的長期合作，他們也是傑出的研究和戰略導師。他參與了幾個項目。