Brazilian Coral Reefs: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Kikuchi, Ruy Kenji Papa, Leão, Zelinda M. a. N., de Araújo, Maria Elisabeth
- 出版商: Springer
- 出版日期: 2024-09-11
- 售價: $6,300
- 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $5,985
- 語言: 英文
- 頁數: 349
- 裝訂: Hardcover - also called cloth, retail trade, or trade
- ISBN: 3031591518
- ISBN-13: 9783031591518
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商品描述
The Brazilian coral reefs form structures significantly different from the well-known reef models, as follows: they have a growth form of mushroom-shaped coral pinnacles called "chapeirões"; they are built by a low diversity coral fauna rich in endemic species, with most of them relic forms dating back to the Tertiary; and the nearshore bank reefs are surrounded by siliciclastic sediments. The reefs are distributed into four major sectors along the Brazilian coast: the northern, the northeastern, and the eastern regions, and the oceanic islands, but certain isolated coral species can be found in warmer waters in the embayment of the southern region. There are different types of bank reefs, fringing reefs, isolated "chapeirões" and an atoll present along the Brazilian coast. Corals, milleporids, and coralline algae build the rigid frame of the reefs. The areas in which the major coral reefs occur correspond to regions in which nearby urban centers are experiencing accelerated growth, and tourism development is rapidly increasing. The major human effects on the reef ecosystem are mostly associated with the increased sedimentation due to the removal of the Atlantic rainforest and the disposal of industrial and urban effluents. Fishing resources are seriously declining due to pollution and overfishing, and this reduction impacts artisanal fishers, who are impoverished and face food security risks. The effects of warming oceanic waters that have been affecting several reef areas with high-intensity coral bleaching did not show until the 2010 event, episodes of coral mass mortality in Brazilian reefs. However, since 2016, bleaching has increased, as has the mortality of milleporids. There are opportunities to develop purposeful biotechnologies that can support coral reef restoration and conservation. Reciprocally, preserved coral reef ecosystems containing peculiar genetic resources allow biotechnological opportunities to provide products and processes for economically and ecologically prosperous societies.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
巴西的珊瑚礁形成的結構與眾所周知的礁模型有顯著不同，具體如下：它們具有稱為「chapeirões」的蘑菇形珊瑚尖峰的生長形態；由低多樣性的珊瑚群落組成，富含地方性物種，其中大多數是追溯至第三紀的遺留形式；近岸的礁石周圍被矽質碎屑沉積物包圍。這些礁石沿著巴西海岸分布為四個主要區域：北部、東北部、東部地區以及海洋島嶼，但在南部地區的海灣中可以找到某些孤立的珊瑚物種。巴西海岸上存在不同類型的礁石，包括銀行礁、邊緣礁、孤立的「chapeirões」和一個環礁。珊瑚、千層藻和珊瑚藻構成了礁石的堅固框架。主要珊瑚礁出現的區域對應於附近城市中心正在經歷加速增長的地區，旅遊業的發展也在迅速增加。對礁生態系統的主要人類影響主要與大西洋雨林的砍伐和工業及城市廢水的排放導致的沉積物增加有關。由於污染和過度捕撈，漁業資源正在嚴重下降，這一減少影響了以小規模捕魚為生的漁民，使他們陷入貧困並面臨食品安全風險。影響多個礁區的海洋水溫上升所造成的高強度珊瑚白化的影響直到2010年事件中才顯現出來，當時巴西的珊瑚出現大規模死亡事件。然而，自2016年以來，白化現象和千層藻的死亡率均有所增加。發展有目的的生物技術以支持珊瑚礁的修復和保護存在機會。相互而言，保存的珊瑚礁生態系統包含獨特的遺傳資源，為經濟和生態繁榮的社會提供生物技術機會，以提供產品和過程。
作者簡介
RUY KENJI PAPA KIKUCHI - BSc in Geology at the University of Sao Paulo (USP) and doctorate at Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), where he is currently a Full Professor. His primary interest is Coral Reef Geology and Ecology. He started to investigate Holocene reef growth during his Masters at Rocas Atoll and started to investigate reef ecology during his PhD. At the moment, he is developing reef assessment and monitoring, evaluating climate/oceanographic proxies within the coral skeletons, and using corals as sea-level indicators. He develops experimental, field, and lab projects, including the effects of acidification on coral growth and carbonate sedimentation. He is one of the PIs of the National Institute of Science and Technology for the Research of the Tropical Marine Environment (INCT AmbTropic) a network of institutions of the Tropical Brazilian region funded by the National Counsel for the Development of Science and Technology of Brazil (CNPq), coordinating the Reef Environment Working Group. This project is also dedicated to studying the impact of ocean acidification on reef-building organisms. The Tropical South Atlantic has been his study area.
ZELINDA MARGARIDA DE ANDRADE NERY LEÃO - Professor Emerita of the Institute of Geosciences of the Federal University of Bahia. BSc in Natural History at Federal University of Bahia, Brazil (1958); Specialization in Micropaleontology at the University of Paris, France (1963); MSc in Earth Sciences, option Sedimentology, at Federal University of Bahia, Brazil (1971); Ph.D. in Marine Geology at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Florida, USA (1982). She has published numerous papers in national and international scientific journals, chapters in books and presented papers in national and international congresses. She is associated to several national and international Scientific Societies, including: the Brazilian Society of Geology (SBG), Brazilian Society for the Study of Coral Reefs (CORALLUS), International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS), Brazilian Society of Oceanography. Representative of Brazil in the Tropical South America Coral Reef Program of the GCRMN, Member of the Brazilian Committee of SCOR (2006-2008) and is a former Member of the Ocean Science Committee of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) of Brazil. She teaches at the postgraduate course in Geology at UFBA since 1980, a visiting professor at the postgraduate course in Environmental Sciences from the University of Santa Ursula, Rio de Janeiro. Her main area of interest is the Geology of the reef areas: the natural processes involved and the environmental problems caused by natural process and the anthropogenic activity.
MARIA ELISABETH DE ARAUJO - Full Professor at the Department of Oceanography at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). Biologist, master in zoology and doctorate in genetics (UFRJ, 1997), worked with fishing and rural extension (SUDENE, 1982-1995), coordinated the Tropical Marine Ichthyology Group (IMAT/CNPq) and taught at the Department of Fisheries Engineering (UFC, 1995-2002). She trained more than 150 students (bachelor's and post-doctorate) and produced 80 scientific articles, three books, and 18 chapters. As a retired professor (2020), she seeks to apply her academic experience to provoke a more humanized interaction between people who experience ecological knowledge (scientific and popular) and desire nature conservation, including traditional communities.
TITO MONTEIRO DA CRUZ LOTUFO - Biologist with an MSc in Ecology and a PhD in Zoology and Habilitation in Biological Oceanography, all from the University of São Paulo. He was formerly a professor at the Fisheries Engineering Department and the Institute of Marine Sciences at the Federal University of Ceará. Currently is an Associate Professor at the Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, acting as the Head of the Biological Oceanography Department. He is also the Public Policies Coordinator of Projeto Coral Vivo, an NGO dedicated to the conservation of marine coralline environments. Prof. Lotufo serves as Associate Editor for the journals Biota Neotropica, Zookeys, Revista de Investigaciones Marinas (Cuba), and Frontiers in Marine Science
作者簡介(中文翻譯)
RUY KENJI PAPA KIKUCHI - 在聖保羅大學 (USP) 獲得地質學學士學位，並在巴伊亞聯邦大學 (UFBA) 獲得博士學位，目前擔任該校的正教授。他的主要研究興趣是珊瑚礁地質學和生態學。他在碧瑤環礁進行碩士研究時開始調查全新世的珊瑚礁生長，並在博士研究期間開始研究珊瑚礁生態學。目前，他正在開展珊瑚礁評估和監測，評估珊瑚骨骼中的氣候/海洋學指標，並利用珊瑚作為海平面指標。他開展實驗、野外和實驗室項目，包括酸化對珊瑚生長和碳酸鹽沉積的影響。他是國家科學與技術研究熱帶海洋環境研究所 (INCT AmbTropic) 的主要研究者之一，該機構是一個由巴西科學與技術發展國家委員會 (CNPq) 資助的熱帶巴西地區機構網絡，負責協調珊瑚礁環境工作組。該項目還專注於研究海洋酸化對建礁生物的影響。他的研究區域是熱帶南大西洋。
ZELINDA MARGARIDA DE ANDRADE NERY LEÃO - 巴伊亞聯邦大學地球科學研究所名譽教授。於巴伊亞聯邦大學獲得自然歷史學士學位 (1958)；在法國巴黎大學專攻微古生物學 (1963)；於巴伊亞聯邦大學獲得地球科學碩士學位，專攻沉積學 (1971)；在美國佛羅里達州邁阿密大學羅森斯蒂爾海洋與大氣科學學院獲得海洋地質學博士學位 (1982)。她在國內外科學期刊上發表了多篇論文，並在國內外會議上發表過多篇報告。她是多個國內外科學學會的成員，包括巴西地質學會 (SBG)、巴西珊瑚礁研究學會 (CORALLUS)、國際珊瑚礁研究學會 (ISRS)、巴西海洋學會。她是巴西在熱帶南美珊瑚礁計畫 (GCRMN) 的代表，曾任巴西 SCOR 委員會成員 (2006-2008)，並曾是巴西科學、技術與創新部 (MCTI) 海洋科學委員會的成員。自1980年以來，她在UFBA的地質學研究生課程中授課，並擔任里約熱內盧聖烏爾蘇拉大學環境科學研究生課程的訪問教授。她的主要研究領域是珊瑚礁區域的地質學：涉及的自然過程及其造成的環境問題，包括自然過程和人為活動。
MARIA ELISABETH DE ARAUJO - 巴西佩爾南布科聯邦大學 (UFPE) 海洋學系正教授。生物學家，擁有動物學碩士學位和遺傳學博士學位 (UFRJ, 1997)，曾從事漁業和農村擴展工作 (SUDENE, 1982-1995)，協調熱帶海洋魚類學小組 (IMAT/CNPq)，並在漁業工程系 (UFC, 1995-2002) 教學。她培養了超過150名學生（學士和博士後），並發表了80篇科學文章、三本書和18個章節。作為退休教授 (2020)，她希望將自己的學術經驗應用於促進經驗生態知識（科學和民間）與渴望自然保護的人之間更人性化的互動，包括傳統社區。
TITO MONTEIRO DA CRUZ LOTUFO - 生物學家，擁有生態學碩士學位和動物學博士學位，以及生物海洋學的資格，均來自聖保羅大學。他曾擔任巴西塞阿拉聯邦大學漁業工程系和海洋科學研究所的教授。目前是聖保羅大學海洋學研究所的副教授，擔任生物海洋學的負責人。
