Digitalization of Medicine in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: Paradigm Changes in Healthcare and Biomedical Research

這本開放存取的書籍提供了一個框架，以描述為何醫療服務的數位化是必要的，以及在低收入和中等收入國家（LMIC）中可能實現的數位化程度。這些國家傳統上在經濟和技術上並不準備好進行數位化，但隨著最近在數位數據獲取、機器學習和計算基礎設施方面的進展，醫療應用正在擴展到以前被認為是人類專家專屬的領域。人們越來越認同，如果沒有與通信、計算和生物樣本分析處理的技術創新相結合，醫療保健的轉型將無法實現。

然而，這種需求和發展與高收入國家的經驗截然不同，因為根據定義，資源受限的環境必須在更多的競爭利益和需求中進行導航，因此數位健康需要被採納和運作的背景差異很大。例如，LMIC的醫療保健面臨著傳統醫療壓力（如傳染病爆發）和日益增長的具有複雜共病的老年人口的雙重壓力，這兩個方面需要同時解決。

《低收入和中等收入國家的醫學數位化：醫療保健和生物醫學研究的範式變化》深入理解了在LMIC中觀察到的數位醫療實施差異的根本原因。通過建立當前數位醫療的一般趨勢和觀點的堅實基礎，這本書的讀者能夠獲得有關數位醫療如何適應不同LMIC背景以創造可證明和有影響力的成功故事的資訊。

Dr. Karine Sargsyan is the Scientific Director of OncoBiobank at the Cancer Center of Cedars Siani Medical Center, CA, USA, and the Managing Director for International Biobanking and Education, Vice Scientific Leader and Lecturer of M.Sc. Biobanking at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. She is skilled in interdisciplinary research, research policy, international research, research organization-management-policy, grant management, clinical research, quality and risk management (particularly in grant-driven environments), and digitalization (including AI and ML) in life sciences, particularly in medicine. She provides scientific expertise and experience as a consultant to several sites and is focused on the future of research and innovation, specifically in innovative technology.

Her co-editorship of the open-access book Future Intelligence: The World in 2050 showcases Dr. Sargsyan's expertise in critical areas such as future leadership, global challenges, sustainable lifestyles, disruptive entrepreneurship, and ground-breaking innovations. It adds depth and foresight to the exploration of leadership in the ever-evolving landscape.

Dr. Karine Sargsyan's extensive peer recognition is evidenced by her role as the elected President of ESBB in 2022-2023, further emphasized through her keynote speeches (over 100) at prominent events. In 2022 and 2023, she addressed the world's future at World Economic Forums DigitalDavos. She emphasized insights into the future of geopolitics, healthcare, education, families, and homes. Additionally, her expertise in navigating the challenges of misinformation in the Digital Age was showcased at another session during Digital.Davos.2022. She is 3 times TEDx speaker with over 150k views. These speaking engagements underscore her authority in envisioning and discussing future scenarios, contributing valuable perspectives to the ongoing dialogue on global challenges and leadership in the coming years. She is an experienced Managing Director for the scientific environment with an Honorary Doctor and Visiting Professor recognition from her alma mater.

Dr. Zisis Kozlakidis is the Head of Laboratory Services and Biobanking at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO). He is responsible for one of the largest and most varied international collections of clinical samples in the world, focusing on gene-environment interactions and disease-based collections. He serves currently as board member of the pan-EU biomolecular infrastructure BBMRI-ERIC; as scientific advisor to the national Health-Research Infrastructure in the Netherlands and the PTEN Research Foundation; and as EOSC co-chair on digitally 'Upskilling countries'. Dr. Kozlakidis has significant expertise in the field of biobanking and has served as President of ISBER, and as board member.

Dr. Kozlakidis is a virologist, with a PhD in microbiology from Imperial College London. He is an elected Fellow of the Linnean Society of London, the Royal Academy of Sciences, UK, and a Turnberg Fellow of the UK Academy of Medical Sciences. Dr Kozlakidis has contributed to seminal studies in the adoption of innovations into routine healthcare in the UK, and their associated financial impacts. He holds visiting faculty positions in China (Medical School, South Central University), Belgium (Public Health School, Université Libre de Bruxelles) and the UK (St. George's Medical School, University of London and Bayes Business School, City University of London).

Prof. Armen Muradyan, MD, PhD, DSc, is the Rector of Yerevan State Medical University, the largest medical university and healthcare institution in Armenia, and a Professor of Medicine. He is the former Minister of Health of the Republic of Armenia. In the past he was the Chief of the Clinic of Urology at the Armenia Republican Medical Center, Chairman and Founder of the Department of Urology at YSMU, Adviser to the Minister of Health, Chief Urologist of Armenia, First Deputy Director of the National Oncology Center of Armenia, CEO of the Izmirlyan Medical Center.

Prof. Muradyan was the President of the Armenian Association of Urology and t^100 publications in peer-reviewed journals. He is a recipient of numerous awards and recognitions, among them Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" from the President of the Republic of Armenia, "Medal after Nikolay Lopatkin" awarded by the President of Urologists' Association, YSMU Gold Medal. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of RAS, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation. He is one of the leading specialists in the Russian Federation in the field of diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases. Throughout the scientific and therapeutic activity, Andrey Kaprin conducts a purposeful development of modern methods of surgical and combined treatment of kidney, bladder, prostate and other localizations.

卡琳·薩爾基相博士是美國加州西達斯西奈醫療中心癌症中心OncoBiobank的科學主任，並擔任國際生物銀行與教育的執行董事、奧地利格拉茨醫科大學生物銀行碩士課程的副科學領導者及講師。她在跨學科研究、研究政策、國際研究、研究組織管理政策、補助金管理、臨床研究、質量與風險管理（特別是在補助金驅動的環境中）以及生命科學中的數位化（包括人工智慧和機器學習）方面擁有豐富的專業技能，尤其是在醫學領域。她作為顧問為多個機構提供科學專業知識和經驗，並專注於研究和創新的未來，特別是在創新技術方面。

她共同編輯的開放存取書籍《未來智慧：2050年的世界》展示了薩爾基相博士在未來領導力、全球挑戰、可持續生活方式、顛覆性創業和突破性創新等關鍵領域的專業知識。這本書為探索不斷演變的領導力提供了深度和前瞻性。

薩爾基相博士在同行中的廣泛認可體現在她於2022-2023年當選為ESBB的總統，並通過她在重要活動中的主題演講（超過100場）進一步強調。在2022年和2023年，她在世界經濟論壇的DigitalDavos上探討了世界的未來，強調了對地緣政治、醫療保健、教育、家庭和居住環境未來的見解。此外，她在Digital.Davos.2022的另一場會議中展示了她在應對數位時代虛假資訊挑戰方面的專業知識。她是三次TEDx演講者，觀看次數超過15萬次。這些演講強調了她在預見和討論未來情境方面的權威，為未來幾年全球挑戰和領導力的持續對話提供了寶貴的觀點。她是一位經驗豐富的科學環境執行董事，並獲得母校的榮譽博士和客座教授認可。

齊西斯·科茲拉基迪斯博士是世界衛生組織國際癌症研究機構（IARC/WHO）實驗室服務和生物銀行的負責人。他負責世界上最大和最具多樣性的國際臨床樣本收藏之一，專注於基因與環境的相互作用及疾病相關的樣本收藏。他目前擔任泛歐生物分子基礎設施BBMRI-ERIC的董事會成員；擔任荷蘭國家健康研究基礎設施和PTEN研究基金會的科學顧問；以及在數位「提升國家技能」方面擔任EOSC共同主席。科茲拉基迪斯博士在生物銀行領域擁有豐富的專業知識，曾擔任ISBER的會長及董事會成員。

科茲拉基迪斯博士是一位病毒學家，擁有倫敦帝國學院的微生物學博士學位。他是倫敦林奈學會、英國皇家科學院的當選院士，以及英國醫學科學院的Turnberg研究員。科茲拉基迪斯博士對於將創新納入英國常規醫療的開創性研究及其相關的財務影響做出了重要貢獻。他在中國（南方醫科大學醫學院）、比利時（布魯塞爾自由大學公共衛生學院）和英國（倫敦大學聖喬治醫學院及倫敦城市大學貝葉斯商學院）擔任客座教職。

阿門·穆拉迪揚教授，醫學博士、哲學博士、科學博士，是亞美尼亞最大醫學大學及醫療機構—耶烈萬國立醫科大學的校長，並擔任內科教授。他曾擔任亞美尼亞共和國衛生部部長。在此之前，他是亞美尼亞共和國醫療中心泌尿科的主任，並且是耶烈萬國立醫科大學泌尿科的創始人及主席。