Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - Ppsn XVI: 16th International Conference, Ppsn 2020, Leiden, the Netherlands, September 5-9, 2020, Proceedings,
暫譯: 自然啟發的平行問題解決 - Ppsn XVI：第十六屆國際會議，Ppsn 2020，荷蘭萊頓，2020年9月5-9日，會議論文集

This two-volume set LNCS 12269 and LNCS 12270 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN 2020, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in September 2020.

The 99 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 268 submissions. The topics cover classical subjects such as automated algorithm selection and configuration; Bayesian- and surrogate-assisted optimization; benchmarking and performance measures; combinatorial optimization; connection between nature-inspired optimization and artificial intelligence; genetic and evolutionary algorithms; genetic programming; landscape analysis; multiobjective optimization; real-world applications; reinforcement learning; and theoretical aspects of nature-inspired optimization.