Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide (家庭與小型企業網路，CCNA探索學習指南)

Allan Reid, Jim Lorenz

Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

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Description

Networking for Home and Small Businesses, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Networking for Home and Small Businesses course in the Cisco® Networking Academy® CCNA® Discovery curriculum version 4. The course, the first of four in the new curriculum, teaches networking concepts by applying them to a type of network you may encounter in a home or small office.

 

The Learning Guide, written and edited by instructors, is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the course and organize your time. In addition, the book includes expanded coverage of CCENT™/CCNA exam topics.

 

The book’s features help you focus on important concepts to succeed in this course:

  • Chapter Objectives–Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter.
  • Key Terms–Refer to the lists of networking vocabulary introduced and highlighted in context in each chapter. The Glossary defines each key term.
  • Summary of Activities and Labs–Maximize your study time with this complete list of all associated exercises at the end of each chapter.
  • Check Your Understanding–Evaluate your readiness with the end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see in the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer.
  • Challenge Questions and Activities–Apply a deeper understanding of the concepts with these challenging end-of-chapter questions and activities. The answer key explains each answer.
  • Hands-on Labs–Master the practical, hands-on skills of the course by performing all the tasks in the course labs and additional challenge labs included in Part II of the Learning Guide.

 

Allan Reid is the curriculum lead for CCNA and a CCNA and CCNP® instructor at the Centennial College CATC in Toronto, Canada.

 

Jim Lorenz is an instructor and curriculum developer for the Cisco Networking Academy.

 

 

How To–Look for this icon to study the steps you need to learn to perform certain tasks.

 

Interactive Activities–Reinforce your understanding of topics with more than 50 different exercises from the online course identified through-out the book with this icon. The files for these activities are on the accompanying CD-ROM.

 

Packet Tracer Activities– Explore and visualize networking concepts using Packet Tracer exercises interspersed throughout some chapters. The files for these activities are on the accompanying CD-ROM. Packet Tracer v4.1 software developed by Cisco is available separately.

 

Hands-on Labs–Work through all 26 course labs and 3 additional challenge labs included in Part II of the book. The labs are an integral part of the CCNA Discovery curriculum, so you can review the core text and the lab material to prepare for all your exams.

 

Companion CD-ROM

The CD-ROM includes

  • Interactive Activities
  • Packet Tracer Activity files
  • IT Career Information
  • Taking Notes
  • Lifelong Learning
  • OSI Model Overview


 

Table of Contents

 

Part I Concepts

 

Chapter 1 Personal Computer Hardware 3

Objectives 3

Key Terms 3

Personal Computers and Applications 5

    How and Where Computers Are Used 5

    Types of Computer Applications 6

Types of Computers 7

    Classes of Computers 7

    Servers, Desktops, and Workstations 8

        Servers 8

        Desktops 9

        Workstations 9

    Portable Devices 10

        Laptops 10

        Tablet PC 11

        Pocket PC 11

        PDA 11

        Game Device 12

        Cell Phone 12

Binary Representation of Data 12

    Representing Information Digitally 12

    Measuring Storage Capacity 13

    Measuring Speed, Resolution, and Frequency 14

        File Transfer Time 15

        Computer Screen Resolution 15

        Analog Frequencies 16

Computer Components and Peripherals 16

    Computer Systems 16

    Motherboard, CPU, and RAM 17

        Motherboard 17

        Central Processing Unit (CPU) 18

        Random-Access Memory (RAM) 19

    Adapter Cards 20

        Video Cards 21

        Sound Cards 21

        Network Interface Cards (NICs) 21

        Modems 22

        Controller Cards 22

    Storage Devices 22

        Magnetic Storage 22

        Optical Storage 23

        Static Memory and Memory Sticks 24

    Peripheral Devices 24

    Cases and Power Supplies 26

        Surge Suppressors 26

        Uninterruptible Power Supplies 27

Computer System Components 28

    Safety and Best Practices 28

    Installing Components and Verifying Operation 30

    Installing Peripherals and Verifying Operation 31

Summary 35

Activities and Labs 35

Check Your Understanding 36

Challenge Questions and Activities 39

 

Chapter 2 Operating Systems 41

Objectives 41

Key Terms 41

Choosing the Operating System 42

    Purpose of an Operating System 42

    Operating System Requirements 46

    Operating System Selection 48

Installing the Operating System 50

    OS Installation Methods 50

    Preparing for OS Installation 50

    Configuring a Computer for the Network 52

    Computer Naming 53

    Network Name and Address Planning 54

Maintaining the Operating System 54

    Why and When to Apply Patches 55

    Applying OS Patches 55

    Application Patches and Updates 56

Summary 58

Activities and Labs 58

Check Your Understanding 59

 

Chapter 3 Connecting to the Network 61

Objectives 61

Key Terms 61

Introduction to Networking 63

    What Is a Network? 63

    Benefits of Networking 65

    Basic Network Components 65

    Computer Roles in a Network 67

    Peer-to-Peer Networks 69

    Network Topologies 71

Principles of Communication 73

    Source, Channel, and Destination 73

    Rules of Communication 74

    Message Encoding 76

    Message Formatting 77

    Message Size 79

    Message Timing 80

        Access Method 80

        Flow Control 80

        Response Timeout 81

    Message Patterns 81

        Unicast 81

        Multicast 82

        Broadcast 82

Communicating on a Wired Local Network 84

    Importance of Protocols 84

    Standardization of Protocols 85

    Physical Addressing 87

    Ethernet Communication 88

    Hierarchical Design of Ethernet Networks 90

    Logical Addressing 91

    Access, Distribution, and Core Layers and Devices 92

Building the Access Layer of an Ethernet Network 94

    Access Layer 94

    Function of Hubs 95

    Function of Switches 96

    Broadcast Messaging 99

    MAC and IP Addresses 101

    Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 101

Building the Distribution Layer of a Network 103

    Distribution Layer 103

    Function of Routers 105

    Default Gateway 107

    Tables Maintained by Routers 108

    Local-Area Network (LAN) 112

    Adding Hosts to Local and Remote Networks 114

Plan and Connect a Local Network 115

    Plan and Document an Ethernet Network 115

    Prototypes 116

    Multi-function Device 117

    Connecting the Linksys Router 119

    Sharing Resources 121

Summary 122

Activities and Labs 123

Check Your Understanding 124

Challenge Questions and Activities 127

 

Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP 129

Objectives 129

Key Terms 129

The Internet and How We Connect To It 130

    Explain What the Internet Is 130

    Internet Service Providers (ISP) 131

    The ISP’s Relationship with the Internet 132

    Options for Connecting to the ISP 133

    ISP Levels of Service 135

Sending Information Across the Internet 138

    Importance of the Internet Protocol (IP) 138

    How ISPs Handle Packets 139

    Forwarding Packets Across the Internet 141

Networking Devices in a NOC 142

    Internet Cloud 142

    Devices in Internet Cloud 142

    Physical and Environmental Requirements 145

Cables and Connectors 146

    Common Network Cables 147

    Twisted-Pair Cables 148

    Coaxial Cable 151

    Fiber-Optic Cables 152

        Multimode Fiber 153

        Single-Mode Fiber 154

Working with Twisted-Pair Cabling 154

    Cabling Standards 154

    UTP Cables 155

        Unlike Devices 157

        Like Devices 157

    UTP Cable Termination 158

    Terminating UTP at Patch Panels and Wall Jacks 159

    Cable Testing 160

        Attenuation 161

        Crosstalk 162

    Cabling Best Practices 162

Summary 165

Activities and Labs 166

Check Your Understanding 167

Challenge Questions and Activities 170

 

Chapter 5 Network Addressing 171

Objectives 171

Key Terms 171

IP Addresses and Subnet Masks 172

    Purpose of an IP Address 172

    IP Address Structure 172

    Parts of an IP Address 174

    How IP Addresses and Subnet Masks Interact 175

Types of IP Addresses 177

    IP Address Classes and Default Subnet Masks 177

    Public and Private IP Addresses 179

    Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Addresses 180

        Unicast 181

        Broadcast 181

        Multicast 182

How IP Addresses Are Obtained 184

    Static and Dynamic Address Assignment 184

        Static 184

        Dynamic 184

    DHCP Servers 185

    Configuring DHCP 186

Address Management 188

    Network Boundaries and Address Space 188

    Address Assignment 189

    Network Address Translation 190

Summary 195

Activities and Labs 195

Check Your Understanding 196

Challenge Questions and Activities 199

 

Chapter 6 Network Services 201

Objectives 201

Key Terms 201

Clients/Servers and Their Interaction 202

    Client/Server Relationship 202

    Role of Protocols in Client/Server Communication 204

        Application Protocol 204

        Transport Protocol 205

        Internetwork Protocol 205

        Network Access Protocols 206

    TCP and UDP Transport Protocols 206

        Using TCP 206

        Using UDP 208

    TCP/IP Port Numbers 208

        Destination Port 208

        Source Port 208

Application Protocols and Services 209

    Domain Name Service 209

    Web Clients and Servers 211

    FTP Clients and Servers 212

    E-mail Clients and Servers 213

    IM Clients and Servers 215

    Voice Clients and Servers 216

    Port Numbers 217

Layered Model and Protocols 218

    Protocol Interaction 218

    Protocol Operation of Sending and Receiving a Message 219

    Open System Interconnection Model 221

Summary 225

Activities and Labs 226

Check Your Understanding 227

Challenge Questions and Activities 229

 

Chapter 7 Wireless Technologies 231

Objectives 231

Key Terms 231

Wireless Technology 233

    Wireless Technologies and Devices 233

        Infrared 233

        Radio Frequency (RF) 234

    Benefits and Limitations of Wireless Technology 235

    Types of Wireless Networks and Their Boundaries 236

        WPAN 236

        WLAN 236

        WWAN 236

Wireless LANs 237

    Wireless LAN Standards 237

    Wireless LAN Components 238

    WLANs and the SSID 240

        Ad-hoc 240

        Infrastructure Mode 240

    Wireless Channels 242

    Configuring the Access Point 244

        Wireless Mode 244

        SSID 245

        Wireless Channel 246

    Configuring the Wireless Client 246

        Integrated Wireless Utility Software 246

        Standalone Wireless Utility Software 247

Security Considerations on a Wireless LAN 248

    Why People Attack WLANs 248

    MAC Address Filtering 250

    Authentication on a WLAN 251

        Open Authentication 251

        Pre-shared keys (PSK) 251

        Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) 252

    Encryption on a WLAN 253

        Wired Equivalency Protocol (WEP) 253

        Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) 254

    Traffic Filtering on a WAN 254

Configuring an Integrated AP and Wireless Client 255

    Planning the WLAN 255

        Wireless Standards 255

        Installation of Wireless Devices 256

    Installing and Securing the AP 257

    Backing Up and Restoring Configuration Files 257

    Updating the Firmware 258

Summary 260

Activities and Labs 261

Check Your Understanding 262

Challenge Questions and Activities 263

 

Chapter 8 Basic Security 265

Objectives 265

Key Terms 265

Networking Threats 266

    Risks of Networking Intrusion 266

    Sources of Network Intrusion 267

        External Threats 267

        Internal Threats 267

    Social Engineering and Phishing 268

        Pretexting 268

        Phishing 269

        Vishing 269

Methods of Attack 269

    Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses 270

        Viruses 270

        Worms 270

        Trojan Horses 271

    Denial of Service and Brute Force Attacks 271

        Denial of Service Attack 271

        Distributed Denial of Service Attack 272

        Brute-Force Attack 272

    Spyware, Tracking Cookies, Adware, and Pop-Ups 273

        Spyware 273

        Tracking Cookies 274

        Adware 274

        Pop-Ups and Pop-Unders 275

    Spam 275

Security Policy 276

    Common Security Measures 276

    Updates and Patches 278

    Anti-virus Software 278

    Anti-spam 280

    Anti-spyware 282

Using Firewalls 283

    What Is a Firewall? 283

    Using a Firewall 284

        Single-Firewall Configuration 285

        Two-Firewall Configuration 286

        Home Networking Device Firewalls 286

    Vulnerability Analysis 287

    Best Practices 288

Summary 290

Activities and Labs 291

Check Your Understanding 291

Challenge Questions and Activities 294

 

Chapter 9 Troubleshooting Your Network 295

Objectives 295

Key Terms 295

Troubleshooting Process 296

    Gathering Information 297

    Approaches to Troubleshooting 298

        Top-Down 298

        Bottom-Up 298

        Divide-and-Conquer 300

        Trial-and-Error 301

    Substitution 301

Using Utilities to Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues 301

    Detecting Physical Problems 301

        Vision 302

        Smell 302

        Touch 302

        Hearing 302

    Software Utilities for Troubleshooting Connectivity 302

        Troubleshooting Using ipconfig 303

        Troubleshooting Using ping 304

        Troubleshooting Using tracert 306

        Troubleshooting Using netstat 307

        Troubleshooting Using nslookup 308

Common Networking Issues 309

    Connectivity Issues 309

    LED Indicators 310

        Power LED 311

        Status LED 311

        Activity LED 311

    Wired Connectivity Problems 311

    Connectivity Problems in a WLAN 312

        SSID 313

        Authentication 313

        Encryption 313

    DHCP Issues 314

    Troubleshooting the Wireless Router to ISP Connection 315

Troubleshooting and the Help Desk 316

    Documentation 317

    Using Outside Sources of Help 317

    Using the Help Desk 318

Summary 320

Activities and Labs 321

Check Your Understanding 321

Challenge Questions and Activities 323

 

Chapter 10 Putting It All Together 325

Summary Activity 325

Activities and Labs 325

 

Appendix Check Your Understanding and Challenge Questions

Answer Key 327

Chapter 1 327

    Check Your Understanding 327

    Challenge Questions and Activities 328

Chapter 2 328

    Check Your Understanding 328

Chapter 3 329

    Check Your Understanding 329

    Challenge Questions and Activities 330

Chapter 4 331

    Check Your Understanding 331

    Challenge Questions and Activities 332

Chapter 5 333

    Check Your Understanding 333

    Challenge Questions and Activities 334

Chapter 6 335

    Check Your Understanding 335

    Challenge Questions and Activities 336

Chapter 7 336

    Check Your Understanding 336

    Challenge Questions and Activities 337

Chapter 8 337

    Check Your Understanding 337

    Challenge Questions and Activities 338

Chapter 9 339

    Check Your Understanding 339

    Challenge Questions and Activities 339

 

Part II Labs

 

Chapter 1 Labs: Personal Computer Hardware 343

Lab 1-1: Determining Data Storage Capacity (1.3.2.2) 343

    Task 1: Identify the Amount of RAM in a Computer 343

    Task 2: Determine the Size of the Hard Disk Drive 344

    Task 3: Determine the Free Space and Used Space on the Hard Drive 345

    Task 4: Check for Other Storage Devices 346

    Task 5: Reflection 347

Lab 1-2: Determining the Screen Resolution of a Computer (1.3.3.4) 348

    Task 1: Determine the Current Screen Resolution 348

    Task 2: Determine the Maximum Resolution for the Highest Color Quality 349

    Task 3: Calculate the Pixels for Current and Maximum

        Resolution Settings 349

    Task 4: Identify the Type of Graphics Card Installed 350

    Task 5: Identify the Type of Monitor and Available Refresh Rates 350

Lab 1-3: Installing a Printer and Verifying Its Operation (1.5.3.4) 352

    Task 1: Add a Printer 352

    Task 2: Verify the Printer Installation 355

    Task 3: Download and Install an Updated Printer Driver 356

    Task 4: Verify the New Driver Installation 360

 

Chapter 2 Labs: Operating Systems 361

Lab 2-1: Examining Operating System and Application

Versions (2.3.3.2) 361

    Task 1: Determine the Windows XP Version and Revision Number 361

    Task 2: Configure Windows XP for Updates 362

    Task 3: Determine an Application Version 363

    Task 4: Reflection 363

Challenge Lab 2-2: Evaluating an OS Upgrade 363

    Task 1: Locate Minimum Requirements for Windows Vista 364

    Task 2: Determine the Hardware Information for the Computer Using

        winmsd.exe 365

    Task 3: Determine CPU Type and Amount of RAM Using System

        Properties 365

    Task 4: Determine Hard Disk Capacity and Amount of Free Disk Space Using

        My Computer Properties 365

    Task 5: Check for Other Drives (Floppy, CD-ROM, DVD) 366

    Task 6: Verify the Monitor and Graphics Capabilities 366

    Task 7: Download and Run Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor 366

    Task 8: Reflection 367

 

Chapter 3 Labs: Connecting to the Network 369

Lab 3-1: Building a Peer-to-Peer Network (3.1.5.3) 369

    Task 1: Diagram the Network 369

    Task 2: Document the PCs 370

    Task 3: Connect the Ethernet Cable 371

    Task 4: Verify Physical Connectivity 371

    Task 5: Configure IP Settings 371

    Task 6: Verify IP Connectivity Between the Two PCs 372

    Task 7: Verify Connectivity Using My Network Places 373

    Task 8: (Optional) Re-enable the Firewall 373

Lab 3-2: Determine the MAC Address of a Host (3.3.3.2) 373

    Task 1: Open a Windows Command Prompt Window 374

    Task 2: Use the ipconfig /all Command 374

    Task 3: Locate the MAC (Physical) Address(es) in the Output from the ipconfig

        /all Command 375

    Task 4: Reflection 375

Lab 3-3: Determine the IP Address of a Computer (3.3.6.2) 376

    Task 1: Determine the IP Address of the Computer 376

Lab 3-4: IP Addresses and Network Communication (3.5.2.2) 378

    Task 1: Connect the PCs to Create a Peer-to-Peer Network 378

    Task 2: Verify Physical Connectivity 378

    Task 3: Configure IP Settings for the Two PCs 379

    Task 4: Verify IP Connectivity Between the Two PCs 379

    Task 5: Change IP Address for PC2 380

    Task 6: Test Network Connectivity Between the Two PCs 381

    Task 7: Change IP Address for PC1 381

    Task 8: Test Network Connectivity Between the Two PCs 382

    Task 9: (Optional) Re-enable the Firewall 382

Lab 3-5: Connect and Configure Hosts (3.6.4.3) 383

    Task 1: Identify Ethernet Ports 383

    Task 2: Connect the Cable Between the PC and the Router 384

    Task 3: Assign the PCs an IP Address and Default Gateway 384

    Task 4: Verify the IP Address Configuration 385

    Task 5: Test Connectivity Between the Two PCs 386

    Task 6: Configure the NetBIOS Name 386

    Task 7: Verify Configuration 387

    Task 8: (Optional) Re-enable the Firewall 388

    Task 9: Return IP Address and NetBIOS Name to Original Values 388

    Task 10: Reflection 389

Lab 3-6: Sharing Resources (3.6.5.3) 390

    Task 1: Share a Folder 390

    Task 2: Map Network Drives to Provide Quick and Easy Access to Shared

        Folders 392

    Task 3: Verify Work 393

    Task 4: Reflection 393

 

Chapter 4 Labs: Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP 395

Lab 4-1: Tracing Internet Connectivity (4.2.3.3) 395

    Task 1: (Optional) Download and Install a Free Program 395

    Task 2: Locate Websites 396

    Task 3: (Optional) Use Downloaded Visual Trace Route Tool 396

    Task 4: Use the tracert Command 397

    Task 5: Use the pathping Command 398

    Task 6: (Optional) Use the whois Function 398

    Task 7: Reflection 399

Lab 4-2: Building Straight-Through and Crossover UTP Cables (4.5.3.2) 400

    Part A: Build and Test an Ethernet Straight-Through Patch Cable 401

        Task A1: Obtain and Prepare the Cable 401

        Task A2: Prepare and Insert the Wires 401

        Task A3: Inspect, Crimp, and Reinspect 402

        Task A4: Terminate the Other Cable End 403

        Task A5: Test the Cable 403

    Part B: Build and Test an Ethernet Crossover Cable 403

商品描述(中文翻譯)

《家庭和小型企業網絡，CCNA Discovery學習指南》是Cisco®網絡學院®CCNA® Discovery課程版本4中《家庭和小型企業網絡》課程的官方補充教材。該課程是新課程中的第一門課程，通過將網絡概念應用於家庭或小型辦公室中可能遇到的網絡類型來教授網絡概念。

這本《學習指南》由教師編寫和編輯，旨在作為一本便攜式桌面參考書，隨時隨地使用，以加強課程中的材料並組織您的時間。此外，該書還包括了CCENT™/CCNA考試主題的擴展內容。

本書的特點幫助您專注於重要的概念，以在本課程中取得成功：
- 章節目標-通過回答每章開頭列出的重點問題來回顧核心概念。
- 關鍵詞-參考每章中引入並在上下文中突出顯示的網絡詞彙表。詞彙表定義了每個關鍵詞。
- 活動和實驗總結-通過在每章結尾列出的所有相關練習的完整列表，最大限度地利用您的學習時間。
- 檢查您的理解-通過與在線課程測驗中看到的問題風格相匹配的章節結尾問題來評估您的準備情況。答案解釋了每個答案。
- 挑戰問題和活動-通過這些具有挑戰性的章節結尾問題和活動，應用對概念的更深入理解。答案解釋了每個答案。
- 實踐實驗室-通過在學習指南的第二部分中執行課程實驗室和額外的挑戰實驗室，掌握課程的實踐、實踐技能。

Allan Reid是CCNA的課程負責人，也是多倫多加拿大Centennial College CATC的CCNA和CCNP®教師。

Jim Lorenz是Cisco網絡學院的教師和課程開發人員。

如何-尋找此圖標以學習執行特定任務所需的步驟。

互動活動-通過本書中標有此圖標的50多個不同練習來加強對主題的理解。這些活動的文件在附帶的CD-ROM上。

Packet Tracer活動-通過在某些章節中穿插的Packet Tracer練習來探索和可視化網絡概念。這些活動的文件在附帶的CD-ROM上。Packet Tracer v4.1軟件由Cisco開發，可單獨提供。

實踐實驗室-完成本書第二部分中包含的26個課程實驗室和3個額外的挑戰實驗室。實驗室是CCNA Discovery課程的一個重要組成部分，因此您可以回顧核心文本和實驗室材料，為所有考試做好準備。

附帶的CD-ROM包括：
- 互動活動
- Packet Tracer活動
- 實踐實驗室

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