Quantum Computing Devices: Principles, Designs, and Analysis (Hardcover)

Description 

• Presents the principles, analysis, and design of all major types of quantum computing devices
• Bridges theory and experiments in a cutting-edge and rapidly advancing area of science and technology in the 21st century
• Describes two-level atoms as the fundamental quantum machine and imperfect quantum operations
• Includes a full chapter on linear optics computing that features light manipulation and entangled photon states
• Addresses the changing technology of ion traps, quantum dots, solid state NMR, SQUID, and neutral atom traps
• Contains information important for interdisciplinary research, including physics, chemistry, computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics
  
  One of the first books to thoroughly examine the subject, Quantum Computing Devices: Principles, Designs, and Analysis covers the essential components in the design of a "real" quantum computer. It explores contemporary and important aspects of quantum computation, particularly focusing on the role of quantum electronic devices as quantum gates.
  
  Largely self-contained and written in a tutorial style, this reference presents the analysis, design, and modeling of the major types of quantum computing devices: ion traps, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), linear optics, quantum dots, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID), and neutral atom traps. It begins by explaining the fundamentals and algorithms of quantum computing, followed by the operations and formalisms of quantum systems. For each electronic device, the subsequent chapters discuss physical properties, the setup of qubits, control actions that produce the quantum gates that are universal for quantum computing, relevant measurements, and decoherence properties of the systems. The book also includes tables, diagrams, and figures that illustrate various data, uses, and designs of quantum computing.
  
  As nanoelectronics will inevitably replace microelectronics, the development of quantum information science and quantum computing technology is imperative to the future of information science and technology. Quantum Computing Devices: Principles, Designs, and Analysis helps fulfill this need by providing a comprehensive collection of the most promising devices for the future.

Preface

FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATICS
Spins: The Stern-Gerlach experiment and spin filter
EPR, Bell's inequalities, and hidden variables
The Landauer principle

QUANTUM COMPUTATION AND QUANTUM SYSTEMS
Turing machines and binary logic gates
Quantum mechanical systems
Hilbert spaces
Complex finite dimensional Hilbert Spaces
Quantum Turing machines
Universality of elementary quantum gates
Quantum algorithms
Quantum adder and multiplier
Quantum error correction codes
Lasers: a heuristic introduction
Quantum computing devices and requirements

TWO-LEVEL ATOMS AND CAVITY QED
Two-level atoms
Quantization of the electromagnetic field
Cavity QED
Cavity QED for the quantum phase gate
Quantum eraser
Quantum disentanglement eraser

IMPERFECT QUANTUM OPERATIONS
Fidelity
Density matrices
Time evolution of density matrices
Examples of master equations
Fidelity calculations

ION TRAPS
Introduction
Ion qubits
Summary of ion preparation
Coherence
Quantum gates
Large scale confined-ion quantum computer
Trap architecture and performance
Teleportation of coherent information
Experimental DFS logic gates
Quantum error correction by ion traps
Summary of ion quantum computation

QUANTUM LOGIC USING COLD, CONFINED ATOMS
Introduction
Atom trapping and detection
Atom interactions with external fields
Atom trapping
Qubits and gates
Controlled two-qubit gates
Coherence properties of atom gates
Assessment

QUANTUM DOTS QUANTUM COMPUTING GATES
Introduction
Electrons in quantum dots microcavity
Coupled electron spins
Biexciton in a single quantum dot
Conclusions

LINEAR OPTICS COMPUTERS
Classical electrodynamics - Classical computers
Quantum electrodynamics - Quantum computers
Teleportation
Summary and outlook

SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM COMPUTING DEVICES
Introduction
Superconductivity
More on Cooper pairs and Josephson junctions
Superconducting circuits: classical
Superconducting circuits: quantum
Quantum gates
Measurement

NMR QUANTUM COMPUTING
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Basic technology with NMR
Solid state NMR
Shor's algorithm and its experimental realization
Quantum algorithm for lattice-gas systems
Conclusion

Appendix A: The Fock-Darwin States
Appendix B: Evaluation of the exchange energy
Appendix C: Transformation of quantum states: SU(2) and SO(3)
Appendix D: The Homeomorphism from SU(2) to SO(3)