Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges
暫譯: 橋樑車輛掃描方法
Yang, Yeong-Bin, Yang, Judy P., Wu, Yuntian
- 出版商: Wiley
- 出版日期: 2019-11-25
- 售價: $5,110
- 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $4,855
- 語言: 英文
- 頁數: 500
- 裝訂: Hardcover - also called cloth, retail trade, or trade
- ISBN: 1119539587
- ISBN-13: 9781119539582
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相關主題
商品描述
Presents the first ever guide for vehicle scanning of the dynamic properties of bridges
Written by the leading author on the subject of vehicle scanning method (VSM) for bridges, this book allows engineers to monitor every bridge of concern on a regular and routine basis, for the purpose of maintenance and damage detection. It includes a review of the existing literature on the topic and presents the basic concept of extracting bridge frequencies from a moving test vehicle fitted with vibration sensors. How road surface roughness affects the vehicle scanning method is considered and a finite element simulation is conducted to demonstrate how surface roughness affects the vehicle response. Case studies and experimental results are also included.
Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges covers an enhanced technique for extracting higher bridge frequencies. It examines the effect of road roughness on extraction of bridge frequencies, and looks at a dual vehicle technique for suppressing the effect of road roughness. A filtering technique for eliminating the effect of road roughness is also presented. In addition, the book covers the identification of bridge mode shapes, contact-point response for modal identification of bridges, and damage detection of bridges—all through the use of a moving test vehicle.
- The first book on vehicle scanning of the dynamic properties of bridges
- Written by the leading author on the subject
- Includes a state-of-the-art review of the existing works on the vehicle scanning method (VSM)
- Presents the basic concepts for extracting bridge frequencies from a moving test vehicle fitted with vibration sensors
- Includes case studies and experimental results
The first book to fully cover scanning the dynamic properties of bridges with a vehicle, Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges is an excellent resource for researchers and engineers working in civil engineering, including bridge engineering and structural health monitoring.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
首次介紹橋樑動態特性車輛掃描的指南
本書由橋樑車輛掃描方法（Vehicle Scanning Method, VSM）領域的主要作者撰寫，讓工程師能夠定期和例行地監測每一座關注的橋樑，以進行維護和損傷檢測。書中回顧了該主題的現有文獻，並介紹了從裝有振動傳感器的移動測試車輛中提取橋樑頻率的基本概念。考慮了路面粗糙度如何影響車輛掃描方法，並進行了有限元素模擬以展示路面粗糙度如何影響車輛反應。書中還包括案例研究和實驗結果。
橋樑的車輛掃描方法 涵蓋了一種增強技術，用於提取更高的橋樑頻率。它檢視了路面粗糙度對橋樑頻率提取的影響，並探討了一種雙車輛技術以抑制路面粗糙度的影響。書中還介紹了一種過濾技術，用於消除路面粗糙度的影響。此外，本書涵蓋了橋樑模式形狀的識別、橋樑模態識別的接觸點反應，以及橋樑的損傷檢測——這一切都是通過使用移動測試車輛來實現的。
- 首部關於橋樑動態特性車輛掃描的書籍
- 由該主題的主要作者撰寫
- 包括對現有車輛掃描方法（VSM）工作的最先進回顧
- 介紹了從裝有振動傳感器的移動測試車輛中提取橋樑頻率的基本概念
- 包括案例研究和實驗結果
作為首部全面涵蓋使用車輛掃描橋樑動態特性的書籍，橋樑的車輛掃描方法 是土木工程領域研究人員和工程師的優秀資源，包括橋樑工程和結構健康監測。
作者簡介
YEONG-BIN YANG, PHD, is Honorary Dean of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University in China, Feng Tay Chair Professor of National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), and Professor Emeritus of National Taiwan University (NTU) in Taiwan. He is a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Austrian Academy of Sciences, and EU Academy of Sciences. Also, he is an Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, President of the Asian-Pacific Association of Computational Mechanics (APACM), and Chairman of the East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction (EASEC).
JUDY P. YANG, PHD, is an Associate Professor in the Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
BIN ZHANG is a PhD student in the School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University in China.
YUNTIAN WU, PHD, is a Professor in the School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, China.
作者簡介(中文翻譯)
楊永彬博士是中國重慶大學土木工程學院名譽院長，國立雲林科技大學（YunTech）馮台講座教授，以及國立台灣大學（NTU）名譽教授。他是中國工程院、奧地利科學院及歐盟科學院的成員。此外，他是《國際結構穩定性與動力學期刊》（International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics）的主編，亞太計算力學協會（APACM）會長，以及東亞-太平洋結構工程與建設會議（EASEC）主席。
楊璐迪博士是國立交通大學土木工程系的副教授。
張彬是中國重慶大學土木工程學院的博士生。
吳雲天博士是中國重慶大學土木工程學院的教授。
目錄大綱
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Modal Properties of Bridges 1
1.2 Basic Concept of the Vehicle Scanning Method 3
1.2.1 Bridge Frequency Extraction 3
1.2.2 Bridge Mode Shapes Construction 4
1.3 Brief on the Works Conducted by Yang and Co‐Workers 5
1.4 Works Done by Researchers Worldwide 7
1.4.1 Theoretical Analysis and Simulation 8
1.4.2 Laboratory Test 16
1.4.3 Field Investigation 20
1.5 Concluding Remarks 22
2 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: Simple Theory 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Formulation of the Analytical Theory 27
2.3 Single‐ Mode Analytical Solution 28
2.4 Condition of Resonance 34
2.5 Simulation by the Finite Element Method (FEM) 39
2.6 Verification of Accuracy of Analytical Solutions 41
2.7 Extraction of Fundamental Frequency of Bridge 42
2.7.1 Effect of Moving Speed of the Vehicle 46
2.7.2 Condition of Resonance 46
2.7.3 Effect of Damping of the Bridge 48
2.7.4 Effect of a Vehicle Traveling over a Stiffer Bridge 49
2.8 Concluding Remarks 50
3 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: General Theory 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Physical Modeling and Formulation 53
3.3 Dynamic Response of the Beam 55
3.3.1 Beam’s Response to a Single Moving Vehicle 58
3.3.2 Beam’s Response to Five Moving Vehicles 61
3.4 Dynamic Response of the Moving Vehicle 62
3.5 Numerical Verification 66
3.6 Concluding Remarks 69
4 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: Experiment 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Objective of This Chapter 72
4.3 Description of the Test Bridge 73
4.4 Description of the Test Vehicle 73
4.5 Instrumentation 75
4.6 Testing Plan 75
4.7 Eigenvalue Analysis Results 77
4.8 Experimental Results 77
4.8.1 Ambient Vibration Test 77
4.8.2 Vehicle Characteristics Test 78
4.8.3 Bridge Response to the Moving Truck 79
4.8.4 Response of the Test Cart Resting on the Bridge to the Moving Truck 81
4.8.5 Response of the Moving Test Cart with No Ongoing Traffic 83
4.8.6 Response of the Moving Test Cart with Ongoing Traffic 85
4.9 Comparing the Measured Results with Numerical Results 86
4.10 Concluding Remarks 87
5 EMD‐Enhanced Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies 91
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 Analytical Formulation of the Problem 93
5.3 Finite Element Simulation of the Problem 96
5.4 Empirical Mode Decomposition 97
5.5 Extraction of Bridge Frequencies by Numerical Simulation 99
5.5.1 Example 1: Single Moving Vehicle 101
5.5.2 Example 2: Five Sequential Moving Vehicles 102
5.5.3 Example 3: Five Random Moving Vehicles 105
5.6 Experimental Studies 105
5.7 Concluding Remarks 114
6 Effect of Road Roughness on Extraction of Bridge Frequencies 115
6.1 Introduction 115
6.2 Simulation of Roughness Profiles 116
6.3 Simulation of Bridges with Rough Surface 117
6.4 Effect of Road Roughness on Vehicle Response 118
6.4.1 Case 1: Vehicle Frequency Less than Any Bridge Frequencies 119
6.4.2 Case 2: Vehicle Frequency Greater than the First Bridge Frequency 119
6.5 Vehicle Responses Induced by Separate Excitational Sources 122
6.6 Closed‐Form Solution of Vehicle Response Considering Road Roughness 122
6.7 Reducing the Impact of Road Roughness by Using Two Connected Vehicles 127
6.8 Numerical Studies 131
6.8.1 Example 1. Two Identical Vehicles Moving over the Bridge of Class A Roughness 131
6.8.2 Example 2. Two Identical Vehicles Moving over the Bridge of Class C Roughness 131
6.8.3 Example 3. Two Vehicles of Identical Frequency but Different Properties 132
6.8.4 Effect of Vehicle Spacing on Identification of Bridge Frequencies 133
6.9 Concluding Remarks 135
7 Filtering Technique for Eliminating the Effect of Road Roughness 137
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Numerical Simulations for Vehicle Responses 138
7.3 Filtering Techniques 141
7.3.1 Band‐Pass Filter (BPF)/Band‐Stop Filter (BSF) 141
7.3.2 Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) 142
7.3.3 Singular Spectrum Analysis with Band‐Pass Filter (SSA‐BPF) 144
7.4 Case Studies 145
7.4.1 Case 1: Vehicle Frequency Smaller than First Bridge Frequency 145
7.4.2 Case 2: Vehicle Frequency Greater than First Bridge Frequency 148
7.5 Concluding Remarks 151
8 Hand‐Drawn Cart Used to Measure Bridge Frequencies 153
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Dynamic Properties of the Hand‐Drawn Test Cart 156
8.3 Basic Dynamic Tests for the Test Cart 157
8.4 Field Tests 162
8.4.1 Effect of Cart Weight 163
8.4.2 Effect of Various Traveling Speeds 165
8.4.3 Various Volumes of Existing Traffic Flows 170
8.5 Concluding Remarks 173
9 Theory for Retrieving Bridge Mode Shapes 175
9.1 Introduction 175
9.2 Hilbert Transformation 176
9.3 Theoretical Formulation 177
9.4 Algorithms and Constraints 181
9.5 Case Studies 185
9.5.1 Test Vehicle Passing through a Bridge with Smooth Road Surface 186
9.5.2 Effect of Vehicle Speed 187
9.5.3 Test Vehicle Traveling along with Random Traffic 190
9.5.4 Effect of Road Surface Roughness 190
9.6 Concluding Remarks 193
10 Contact‐Point Response for Modal Identification of Bridges 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Theoretical Formulation 197
10.2.1 Dynamic Response of the Vehicle−Bridge Contact Point 198
10.2.2 Dynamic Response of the Moving Vehicle 199
10.2.3 Procedure for Calculating the Contact‐Point Response in a Field Test 201
10.2.4 Relationship Between the Contact‐Point and Vehicle Responses 201
10.3 Finite Element Simulation of VBI Problems 204
10.3.1 Brief on VBI Element 204
10.3.2 Verification of the Theoretical Solution 205
10.4 Retrieval of Bridge Frequencies 206
10.5 Retrieval of Bridge Mode Shapes 208
10.5.1 Effect of Moving Speed 209
10.5.2 Effect of Vehicle Frequency 210
10.6 Effect of Road Roughness 212
10.6.1 Bridge with Rough Surface Free of Existing Traffic 212
10.6.2 Bridge with Rough Surface under Existing Traffic 214
10.7 Concluding Remarks 215
11 Damage Detection of Bridges Using the Contact‐Point Response 217
11.1 Introduction 217
11.2 Dynamic Response of the Vehicle‐Bridge System 219
11.2.1 Contact‐Point Response: Analytical Solution 220
11.2.2 Contact‐Point Response: For Use in Field Test 220
11.3 Algorithm for Damage Detection 221
11.3.1 Hilbert Transformation 221
11.3.2 Strategy for Damage Detection 221
11.4 Finite Element Simulation of the Problem 223
11.4.1 Damage Element for Beams 223
11.4.2 Brief on Vehicle−Bridge Interaction (VBI) Element Used 224
11.5 Detection of Damages on a Beam 225
11.5.1 Detection of Damage Location on the Beam 225
11.5.2 Detection of Damage Severity 226
11.5.3 Detection of Multiple Damages 228
11.6 Parametric Study 228
11.6.1 Effect of Test Vehicle Speed 229
11.6.2 Effect of Measurement Noise 229
11.6.3 Bridge with Rough Surface Free of Random Traffic 230
11.6.4 Bridge with Rough Surface under Random Traffic 232
11.7 Concluding Remarks 234
Appendix: Finite Element Simulation 237
References 247
Author Index 259
Subject Index 265
目錄大綱(中文翻譯)
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Modal Properties of Bridges 1
1.2 Basic Concept of the Vehicle Scanning Method 3
1.2.1 Bridge Frequency Extraction 3
1.2.2 Bridge Mode Shapes Construction 4
1.3 Brief on the Works Conducted by Yang and Co‐Workers 5
1.4 Works Done by Researchers Worldwide 7
1.4.1 Theoretical Analysis and Simulation 8
1.4.2 Laboratory Test 16
1.4.3 Field Investigation 20
1.5 Concluding Remarks 22
2 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: Simple Theory 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Formulation of the Analytical Theory 27
2.3 Single‐ Mode Analytical Solution 28
2.4 Condition of Resonance 34
2.5 Simulation by the Finite Element Method (FEM) 39
2.6 Verification of Accuracy of Analytical Solutions 41
2.7 Extraction of Fundamental Frequency of Bridge 42
2.7.1 Effect of Moving Speed of the Vehicle 46
2.7.2 Condition of Resonance 46
2.7.3 Effect of Damping of the Bridge 48
2.7.4 Effect of a Vehicle Traveling over a Stiffer Bridge 49
2.8 Concluding Remarks 50
3 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: General Theory 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Physical Modeling and Formulation 53
3.3 Dynamic Response of the Beam 55
3.3.1 Beam’s Response to a Single Moving Vehicle 58
3.3.2 Beam’s Response to Five Moving Vehicles 61
3.4 Dynamic Response of the Moving Vehicle 62
3.5 Numerical Verification 66
3.6 Concluding Remarks 69
4 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: Experiment 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Objective of This Chapter 72
4.3 Description of the Test Bridge 73
4.4 Description of the Test Vehicle 73
4.5 Instrumentation 75
4.6 Testing Plan 75
4.7 Eigenvalue Analysis Results 77
4.8 Experimental Results 77
4.8.1 Ambient Vibration Test 77
4.8.2 Vehicle Characteristics Test 78
4.8.3 Bridge Response to the Moving Truck 79
4.8.4 Response of the Test Cart Resting on the Bridge to the Moving Truck 81
4.8.5 Response of the Moving Test Cart with No Ongoing Traffic 83
4.8.6 Response of the Moving Test Cart with Ongoing Traffic 85
4.9 Comparing the Measured Results with Numerical Results 86
4.10 Concluding Remarks 87
5 EMD‐Enhanced Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies 91
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 Analytical Formulation of the Problem 93
5.3 Finite Element Simulation of the Problem 96
5.4 Empirical Mode Decomposition 97
5.5 Extraction of Bridge Frequencies by Numerical Simulation 99
5.5.1 Example 1: Single Moving Vehicle 101
5.5.2 Example 2: Five Sequential Moving Vehicles 102
5.5.3 Example 3: Five Random Moving Vehicles 105
5.6 Experimental Studies 105
5.7 Concluding Remarks 114
6 Effect of Road Roughness on Extraction of Bridge Frequencies 115
6.1 Introduction 115
6.2 Simulation of Roughness Profiles 116
6.3 Simulation of Bridges with Rough Surface 117
6.4 Effect of Road Roughness on Vehicle Response 118
6.4.1 Case 1: Vehicle Frequency Less than Any Bridge Frequencies 119
6.4.2 Case 2: Vehicle Frequency Greater than the First Bridge Frequency 119
6.5 Vehicle Responses Induced by Separate Excitational Sources 122
6.6 Closed‐Form Solution of Vehicle Response Considering Road Roughness 122
6.7 Reducing the Impact of Road Roughness by Using Two Connected Vehicles 127
6.8 Numerical Studies 131
6.8.1 Example 1. Two Identical Vehicles Moving over the Bridge of Class A Roughness 131
6.8.2 Example 2. Two Identical Vehicles Moving over the Bridge of Class C Roughness 131
6.8.3 Example 3. Two Vehicles of Identical Frequency but Different Properties 132
6.8.4 Effect of Vehicle Spacing on Identification of Bridge Frequencies 133
6.9 Concluding Remarks 135
7 Filtering Technique for Eliminating the Effect of Road Roughness 137
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Numerical Simulations for Vehicle Responses 138
7.3 Filtering Techniques 141
7.3.1 Band‐Pass Filter (BPF)/Band‐Stop Filter (BSF) 141
7.3.2 Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) 142
7.3.3 Singular Spectrum Analysis with Band‐Pass Filter (SSA‐BPF) 144
7.4 Case Studies 145
7.4.1 Case 1: Vehicle Frequency Smaller than First Bridge Frequency 145
7.4.2 Case 2: Vehicle Frequency Greater than First Bridge Frequency 148
7.5 Concluding Remarks 151
8 Hand‐Drawn Cart Used to Measure Bridge Frequencies 153
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Dynamic Properties of the Hand‐Drawn Test Cart 156
8.3 Basic Dynamic Tests for the Test Cart 157
8.4 Field Tests 162
8.4.1 Effect of Cart Weight 163
8.4.2 Effect of Various Traveling Speeds 165
8.4.3 Various Volumes of Existing Traffic Flows 170
8.5 Concluding Remarks 173
9 Theory for Retrieving Bridge Mode Shapes 175
9.1 Introduction 175
9.2 Hilbert Transformation 176
9.3 Theoretical Formulation 177
9.4 Algorithms and Constraints 181
9.5 Case Studies 185
9.5.1 Test Vehicle Passing through a Bridge with Smooth Road Surface 186
9.5.2 Effect of Vehicle Speed 187
9.5.3 Test Vehicle Traveling along with Random Traffic 190
9.5.4 Effect of Road Surface Roughness 190
9.6 Concluding Remarks 193
10 Contact‐Point Response for Modal Identification of Bridges 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Theoretical Formulation 197
10.2.1 Dynamic Response of the Vehicle−Bridge Contact Point 198
10.2.2 Dynamic Response of the Moving Vehicle 199
10.2.3 Procedure for Calculating the Contact‐Point Response in a Field Test 201
10.2.4 Relationship Between the Contact‐Point and Vehicle Responses 201
10.3 Finite Element Simulation of VBI Problems 204
10.3.1 Brief on VBI Element 204
10.3.2 Verification of the Theoretical Solution 205
10.4 Retrieval of Bridge Frequencies 206
10.5 Retrieval of Bridge Mode Shapes 208
10.5.1 Effect of Moving Speed 209
10.5.2 Effect of Vehicle Frequency 210
10.6 Effect of Road Roughness 212
10.6.1 Bridge with Rough Surface Free of Existing Traffic 212
10.6.2 Bridge with Rough Surface under Existing Traffic 214
10.7 Concluding Remarks 215
11 Damage Detection of Bridges Using the Contact‐Point Response 217
11.1 Introduction 217
11.2 Dynamic Response of the Vehicle‐Bridge System 219
11.2.1 Contact‐Point Response: Analytical Solution 220
11.2.2 Contact‐Point Response: For Use in Field Test 220
11.3 Algorithm for Damage Detection 221
11.3.1 Hilbert Transformation 221
11.3.2 Strategy for Damage Detection 221
11.4 Finite Element Simulation of the Problem 223
11.4.1 Damage Element for Beams 223
11.4.2 Brief on Vehicle−Bridge Interaction (VBI) Element Used 224
11.5 Detection of Damages on a Beam 225
11.5.1 Detection of Damage Location on the Beam 225
11.5.2 Detection of Damage Severity 226
11.5.3 Detection of Multiple Damages 228
11.6 Parametric Study 228
11.6.1 Effect of Test Vehicle Speed 229
11.6.2 Effect of Measurement Noise 229
11.6.3 Bridge with Rough Surface Free of Random Traffic 230
11.6.4 Bridge with Rough Surface under Random Traffic 232
11.7 Concluding Remarks 234
Appendix: Finite Element Simulation 237
References 247
Author Index 259
Subject Index 265
