Counterspeech: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Countering Dangerous Speech

本卷探討了反言論的形式和功能，以及從多學科的角度來看，什麼因素決定了其有效性和成功性。反言論符合國際人權和言論自由，並且它可以成為對抗危險和有害言論的更強大工具，勝過封鎖和審查。

Stefanie Ullmann is a linguist and postdoctoral research associate at the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities at the University of Cambridge, UK. Her research interests include the use of language in politics and media discourse as well as forms and effects of harmful language in online discourse. She is the author of several journal publications on combatting and mitigating digital harms. Her book Discourses of the Arab Revolutions (2022) examines the power and functions of language in sociopolitical conflicts.

Marcus Tomalin has been a member of the Machine Intelligence Laboratory in the Department of Engineering at Cambridge University since 1998. He has published extensively on speech recognition, speech synthesis, machine translation, and dialogue systems, as well as various topics in the philosophy of language and theoretical linguistics, with a recurrent focus on the interconnections between mathematics, logic, and syntactic theory. He has a particular interest in the ethical and social impact of language-based AI systems, and he teaches ethics to undergraduates and postgraduates who are studying philosophy, computer science, and information engineering.

Stefanie Ullmann 是英國劍橋大學藝術、社會科學與人文科學研究中心的語言學家及博士後研究助理。她的研究興趣包括政治和媒體話語中的語言使用，以及在線話語中有害語言的形式和影響。她是多篇關於對抗和減輕數位傷害的期刊出版物的作者。她的著作《阿拉伯革命的話語》（2022）探討了語言在社會政治衝突中的力量和功能。

Marcus Tomalin 自1998年以來一直是劍橋大學工程系機器智能實驗室的成員。他在語音識別、語音合成、機器翻譯和對話系統等領域發表了大量研究，並涉及語言哲學和理論語言學的各種主題，重點關注數學、邏輯和句法理論之間的相互關聯。他特別關注基於語言的人工智慧系統的倫理和社會影響，並教授倫理學給學習哲學、計算機科學和資訊工程的本科生和研究生。