An Artistic Approach to Virtual Reality
暫譯: 虛擬實境的藝術性方法

本書在對符合互動虛擬媒介範疇的藝術家作品進行調查的同時，探討了什麼樣的作品可以被認為是互動虛擬藝術作品；它涵蓋了進入虛擬現實空間所需的基本機制背後的理論；並且研究了關於視覺和具身概念空間的理論。

Cyane Tornatzky

Digital immigrant Cyane Tornatzky received her Masters of Fine Art in new media in San Francisco State University's Conceptual and Information Arts program. In 2015, she started the Electronic Art program within the Department of Art and Art History at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. As part of her coursework, Tornatzky teaches an art game class that starts with students creating board games and ends with them crafting digital art games, some in VR. As a CoPI for a virtual reality project with her colleagues in Veterinary Sciences at CSU, Tornatzky is Creative Director for a team developing a virtual reality training application for veterinarians. The application is a digital twin and has been released on Steam as a simulation game. Tornatzky is also on a research project with a colleague from Computer Science at CSU investing interfaces for a virtual reality sketching tool. Tornatzky is a visiting faculty member for the Richardson Design Center's Design Thinking: Graduate Certificate in Virtual Reality, and teaches a course on Data Visualization in VR as well as co-teaches with Brendan Kelley a graduate level Serious Games Course. Tornatzky is a member of Colorado State University's Office for the Vice President of Research Virtual Reality Advisory Board. Her own artworks vary from using code to dynamically generate images to creating installation work that uses stereoscopic lenses.

Brendan Kelley

Digital native Brendan Kelley is currently working towards a Doctorate of Philosophy in Computer Science with a focus on human computer interaction at Colorado State University (CSU) after completing a masters of science in Media Communications at CSU. He has worked with VR since the release of the first Oculus headset and has received several awards for his virtual reality, augmented reality, and game design work. His projects span the realms of art, industry, and academia. Projects of his such as Orillas Del Ebro VR (2019) explore the merging of humanities and science that is possible through virtual reality technologies by visualizing poetic writings and the anthropological hydrology principles they describe. Other works include The Path We're On (2018); a collaborative virtual reality project that received the second place award in the 2018 Ram Reality HackAThon at CSU. He also worked as a virtual reality developer for several years with the Colorado State University Office for the Vice President of Research OVPR. During this time he acted as a consultant for the CSU VR Anatomy and CSU Vet VR projects as well as assisted and led the development of projects such as the CSU Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Interactive Experience and the Aug Mag augmented reality magazine experience for the OVPR.

In addition he has conducted research on design theories, social VR use, cognitive perceptions of VR, and the Artistic use of VR. This includes publications such as The Artistic Approach to VR (2019) co-authored by Cyane Tornatzky and published in the proceedings of the 2019 VRCAI conference. More recently he has worked on the research paper titled The Rise of the 'Quarantine Bar Simulator' (2020) which explores the different ways in which Social VR was used during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. He has also helped to develop graduate level courses for the Nancy Richardson Design Center, where he is an adjunct professor, focused around both virtual and augmented reality technologies. More recently his research has focused on cognitive aspects of virtual and augmented reality technologies such as his masters thesis work which compared learning efficacy among augmented reality, paper manual, and online video training modalities, as well as the creation of an augmented reality platform dubbed the Augmented Reality Assistant or ARA, and an ongoing cognitive cueing research project.

**Cyane Tornatzky**

數位移民 Cyane Tornatzky 在舊金山州立大學的概念與資訊藝術計畫中獲得新媒體的美術碩士學位。2015年，她在科羅拉多州立大學（Colorado State University）藝術與藝術歷史系創立了電子藝術計畫。作為課程的一部分，Tornatzky 教授一門藝術遊戲課程，課程開始時學生創作桌上遊戲，最後則是製作數位藝術遊戲，其中一些是虛擬實境（VR）遊戲。作為與科羅拉多州立大學獸醫科學系同事合作的虛擬實境專案的共同主要研究者（CoPI），Tornatzky 擔任一個為獸醫開發虛擬實境訓練應用程式的團隊的創意總監。該應用程式是一個數位雙胞胎，並已在 Steam 上發佈為模擬遊戲。Tornatzky 也與科羅拉多州立大學計算機科學系的同事合作進行一個研究專案，研究虛擬實境素描工具的介面。Tornatzky 是理查森設計中心的訪問教員，教授虛擬實境的設計思維研究生證書課程，並與 Brendan Kelley 共同教授一門研究生級別的嚴肅遊戲課程。Tornatzky 是科羅拉多州立大學副校長研究辦公室虛擬實境諮詢委員會的成員。她的藝術作品從使用程式碼動態生成圖像到創作使用立體鏡頭的裝置作品不等。

**Brendan Kelley**

數位原住民 Brendan Kelley 目前在科羅拉多州立大學（CSU）攻讀計算機科學博士學位，專注於人機互動，並在 CSU 完成了媒體傳播的碩士學位。他自第一款 Oculus 頭戴顯示器發佈以來便開始從事虛擬實境（VR）工作，並因其虛擬實境、擴增實境和遊戲設計作品獲得多項獎項。他的專案涵蓋藝術、產業和學術領域。他的專案如 *Orillas Del Ebro VR*（2019）探討了通過虛擬實境技術實現人文與科學的融合，並視覺化詩歌作品及其所描述的人類水文原則。其他作品包括 *The Path We're On*（2018）；這是一個合作虛擬實境專案，在2018年科羅拉多州立大學的 Ram Reality HackAThon 中獲得第二名獎項。他還在科羅拉多州立大學副校長研究辦公室（OVPR）擔任虛擬實境開發者多年。在此期間，他擔任 CSU VR 解剖學和 CSU Vet VR 專案的顧問，並協助及主導如 *CSU 環境與輻射健康科學互動體驗* 和 *OVPR 的 Aug Mag 擴增實境雜誌體驗* 等專案的開發。

此外，他還進行了設計理論、社交虛擬實境使用、虛擬實境的認知感知以及虛擬實境的藝術性使用等方面的研究。這包括與 Cyane Tornatzky 共同撰寫的出版物 *The Artistic Approach to VR*（2019），該文發表於2019年 VRCAI 會議的論文集中。最近，他還撰寫了一篇名為 *The Rise of the 'Quarantine Bar Simulator'*（2020）的研究論文，探討了在持續的 COVID-19 大流行期間社交虛擬實境的不同使用方式。他還幫助為南希·理查森設計中心開發研究生級別的課程，該中心專注於虛擬和擴增實境技術。最近，他的研究重點放在虛擬和擴增實境技術的認知方面，例如他的碩士論文工作比較了擴增實境、紙本手冊和線上視頻訓練模式的學習效果，以及創建了一個名為擴增實境助手（Augmented Reality Assistant，ARA）的擴增實境平台，並進行一個持續的認知提示研究專案。