Fingerprints: Analysis and Understanding the Science
暫譯: 指紋：分析與科學理解

《指紋：分析與科學理解（第二版）》是馬克·霍桑（Mark Hawthorne）經典著作的全面更新，由兩位專業人士撰寫，他們在犯罪現場調查方面擁有豐富的經驗，並且是法院認可的潛在指紋檢驗專家。本書旨在作為一本簡明的教材，涵蓋獲取和分析潛在指紋證據的基本技術和原則，內容以易於理解的格式編排，適合那些在前線收集和分析指紋證據的專業人員。

隨著時間的推移，對指紋和摩擦脊分析的複雜性和教育程度不斷提高。最終，通過該領域先驅的科學研究，摩擦皮膚的組成變得明顯：它可以用作個體的唯一識別符號。如今，指紋和足跡作為唯一識別符號的使用——以及它們在刑事案件中的應用——已變得司空見慣，並成為刑事調查的重要組成部分，大多數案件都涉及某種指紋證據。

本書分為兩部分，首先介紹分析的基本知識，包括簡要歷史、系統的識別方法、指紋模式類型及其相關術語和當前分類。第二部分討論在法庭上證據的識別和呈現，展示了傳統的手動提取指紋方法以及較新的自動和實時掃描技術。內容涵蓋了潛在指紋的搜索和發展、存儲和指紋的比較。

本版新增了有關收集和保存指紋證據的更新技術——包括包裝和維護證據鏈的管理。更詳細的文檔處理流程，以及額外的化學和提取技術，包括光源的使用、潛在背板和提取材料、鑄造材料、十指卡以及在血液中增強指紋的技術也有描述。此外，還介紹了實驗室設備和比較工具、攝影技術的增加，以及最近對指紋證據的法庭挑戰。

《指紋（第二版）》將提供一個實用且新穎的視角，來看待犯罪現場中最常用的證據：指紋。本書將為執法機構、犯罪現場人員和學生提供一個輕鬆理解和掌握摩擦皮膚及指紋證據相關概念和問題的機會。

Mark R. Hawthorne, now retired, was a professor and faculty member at the City College of San Francisco, where he began teaching in 1985 in the Administration of Justice programs and has also served as the coordinator of the forensic science program in criminal justice. In addition, he was an instructor at Sky-line College in San Bruno, California and taught at other universities and colleges since 1985. Mr. Hawthorne possesses an Associate of Arts, Bachelor of Arts and Master's degrees. He was previously the lead instructor in physical evidence and crime scenes at the San Francisco Police Regional Training Academy. Mark is also a retired member of the San Francisco Police Department after serving with distinction for twenty-nine years, the last twenty-three as a crime scene investigator. During his career, Mark has processed more than three thousand crime scenes, has processed thousands of pieces of evidence and has testified as an expert witness numerous times in California state courts as well as U.S. district courts. Mark has conducted thousands of fingerprint comparisons and has made in excess of three thousand identifications. Mark is also an I.A.I. Certified Latent Print Examiner as well as a Certified Senior Crime Scene Analyst. Mark is also a recognized subject matter expert by the State of California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training in subject matter of physical evidence and crime scenes. Mark has made numerous presentations to various forensic organizations and meetings and is a published author (First Unit Responder: A Guide for the Physical Evidence Collection for Patrol Officers.) He also mentored and assisted countless students achieve the goal in the Forensic Science field.

Sharon L. Plotkin obtained her Masters of Science degree in Criminal Justice with a minor in Psychology from Florida International University. She obtained her Bachelor of Science degree in Social Work, also from Florida International University and an Associate of Arts degree in Psychology from Broward Community College. Ms. Plotkin received her certification through the International Association for Identification in 2006 and has been doing crime scene work for almost 20 years. She has handled thousands of cases ranging from burglaries to homicides and suspicious death cases. Ms. Plotkin has a passion for teaching and loves the opportunity to excite students in wanting to embark on a career in law enforcement. She has been teaching at the college level for almost 13 years. She is full-time faculty at the largest school in the nation that currently has 165,000 students enrolled, teaching in the crime scene technology degree program. Ms. Plotkin has received specialized training in various fields of crime scene investigations, including bloodstain reconstruction, photography, crime scene reconstruction, fingerprinting, and shoe wear casting. She has had the opportunity to be involved in casework with Dr. Henry Lee, assisting in crime scene reconstruction. Some of her cases have appeared on Court TV. Ms. Plotkin is also a member of DMORT (Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team).

Bracey-Ann Douglas is a Police Officer in the Miami-Dade County Police Department. She worked previously in the County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department in the Fingerprint Section as a Fingerprint Analyst. Prior to that, she was a Crime Scene Technician with the North Miami Police Department's Crime Scene Unit. She is currently an Adjunct Faculty Professor in the Miami Dade College's North Campus School of Justice providing classroom instruction, curriculum development, and supervisor for students' field experience and internships. Ms. Douglas holds a Master of Science in Management with a Concentration in Criminal Justice Administration, and a Bachelor of Applied Science in Public Safety Management with Concentration in Crime Scene Investigations from Miami Dade College.

馬克·R·霍桑（Mark R. Hawthorne）目前已退休，曾是舊金山城市學院的教授及教職員，於1985年開始教授司法行政課程，並擔任刑事司法法醫科學計畫的協調員。此外，他曾在加州聖布魯諾的天際學院擔任講師，自1985年以來在其他大學和學院教授課程。霍桑先生擁有副學士學位、學士學位和碩士學位。他曾是舊金山警察區域訓練學院的物證和犯罪現場首席講師。馬克也是舊金山警察局的退休成員，曾以卓越的表現服務了二十九年，其中最後二十三年擔任犯罪現場調查員。在他的職業生涯中，馬克處理了超過三千個犯罪現場，處理了數千件證據，並在加州州法院及美國地區法院多次作為專家證人作證。馬克進行了數千次指紋比對，並完成了超過三千次的身份識別。馬克還是I.A.I.認證的潛在指紋檢查員以及認證的高級犯罪現場分析師。馬克也被加州和平官標準與訓練委員會認可為物證和犯罪現場的主題專家。馬克曾在各種法醫組織和會議上做過多次演講，並且是一位已出版的作者（《第一單位應急人員：巡邏警察物證收集指南》）。他還指導和協助無數學生在法醫科學領域實現目標。

莎朗·L·普洛特金（Sharon L. Plotkin）在佛羅里達國際大學獲得犯罪司法碩士學位，並輔修心理學。她在同一所大學獲得社會工作學士學位，並在布勞沃德社區學院獲得心理學副學士學位。普洛特金女士於2006年通過國際識別協會獲得認證，並從事犯罪現場工作近20年。她處理了從入室盜竊到謀殺和可疑死亡案件的數千個案件。普洛特金女士熱愛教學，喜歡激勵學生追求執法職業的機會。她在大學層面教授近13年，目前是全國最大的學校的全職教職員，該校目前有165,000名學生註冊，教授犯罪現場技術學位課程。普洛特金女士在各種犯罪現場調查領域接受了專業訓練，包括血跡重建、攝影、犯罪現場重建、指紋識別和鞋印鑄模。她有機會參與與亨利·李博士的案件工作，協助犯罪現場重建。她的一些案件曾在法庭電視上播出。普洛特金女士也是DMORT（災難殯葬應急反應小組）的成員。

布雷西-安·道格拉斯（Bracey-Ann Douglas）是邁阿密-戴德縣警察局的警官。她之前在縣矯正和康復部的指紋部門擔任指紋分析師。在此之前，她是北邁阿密警察局犯罪現場單位的犯罪現場技術員。她目前是邁阿密戴德學院北校區司法學院的兼任教授，提供課堂教學、課程開發，以及學生實習和實地經驗的指導。道格拉斯女士擁有管理碩士學位，專注於犯罪司法管理，並在邁阿密戴德學院獲得應用科學學士學位，專注於犯罪現場調查。