Readings in Machine Translation

Sergei Nirenburg, Harold L. Somers, Yorick A. Wilks

  • 出版商: MIT
  • 出版日期: 2003-06-06
  • 售價: $737
  • 貴賓價: 9.8$722
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 429
  • 裝訂: Hardcover
  • ISBN: 0262140748
  • ISBN-13: 9780262140744
  • 相關分類: Machine LearningText-mining
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商品描述

Description:

The field of machine translation (MT) -- the automation of translation between human languages -- has existed for more than fifty years. MT helped to usher in the field of computational linguistics and has influenced methods and applications in knowledge representation, information theory, and mathematical statistics.

This valuable resource offers the most historically significant English-language articles on MT. The book is organized in three sections. The historical section contains articles from MT's beginnings through the late 1960s. The second section, on theoretical and methodological issues, covers sublanguage and controlled input, the role of humans in machine-aided translation, the impact of certain linguistic approaches, the transfer versus interlingua question, and the representation of meaning and knowledge. The third section, on system design, covers knowledge-based, statistical, and example-based approaches to multilevel analysis and representation, as well as computational issues.

Sergei Nirenburg is Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

Harold Somers is Professor of Language Engineering and Director of the Centre for Computational Linguistics at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK.

Yorick Wilks is Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Institute of Language, Speech, and Hearing at the University of Sheffield, UK.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Introduction xi
 
I HISTORICAL  
 
  Introduction
Sergei Nirenburg
3
 
1 Translation
Warren Weaver
13
 
2 Mechanical Translation
A. D. Booth
19
 
3 The Mechanical Determination of Meaning
Erwin Reifler
21
 
4 Stochastic Methods of Mechanical Translation
Gilbert W. King
37
 
5 A Framework for Syntactic Translation
Victor H. Yngve
39
 
6 The Present Status of Automatic Translation of Languages
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel
45
 
7 A New Approach to the Mechanical Syntactic Analysis of Russian
Ida Rhodes
77
 
8 A Preliminary Approach to Japanese-English Automatic Translation
Susumu Kuno
99
 
9 On the Mechanization of Syntactic Analysis
Sydney M. Lamb
109
 
10 Research Procedures in Machine Translation
David G. Hays
115
 
11 ALPAC: The (In)Famous Report
John Hutchins
131
 
12 Correlational Analysis and Mechanical Translation
Silvio Ceccato
137
 
13 Automatic Translation: Some Theoretical Aspects and the Design of a Translation System
O. S. Kulagina and I. A. Mel'cuk
157
 
14 Mechanical Pidgin Translation
Margaret Masterman
177
 
15 English-Japanese Machine Translation
S. Takahashi, H. Wada, R. Tadenuma and S. Watanabe
193
 
II THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES  
 
  Introduction
Yorick A. Wilks
203
 
16 Automatic Translation and the Concept of Sublanguage
J. Lehrberger
207
 
17 The Proper Place of Men and Machines in Language Translation
Martin Kay
221
 
18 Machine Translation as an Expert Task
Roderick L. Johnson and Peter Whitelock
233
 
19 Montague Grammar and Machine Translation
Jan Landsbergen
239
 
20 Dialogue Translation vs. Text Translation -- Interpretation Based Approach
Jun-ichi Tsujii and Makoto Nagao
255
 
21 Translation by Structural Correspondences
Ronald M. Kaplan, Klaus Netter, Jurgen Wedekind and Annie Zaenen
263
 
22 Pros and Cons of the Pivot and Transfer Approaches in Multilingual Machine Translation
Christian Boitet
273
 
23 Treatment of Meaning in MT Systems
Sergei Nirenburg and Kenneth Goodman
281
 
24 Where Am I Coming From: The Reversibility of Analysis and Generation in Natural Language Processing
Yorick A. Wilks
295
 
25 The Place of Heuristics in the Fulcrum Approach to Machine Translation
Paul L. Garvin
301
 
26 Computer Aided Translation: A Business Viewpoint
John S. G. Elliston
311
 
III SYSTEM DESIGN  
 
  Introduction
Harold L. Somers
321
 
27 Three Levels of Linguistic Analysis in Machine Translation
Michael Zarechnak
325
 
28 Automatic Translation -- A Survey of Different Approaches
B. Vauquois
333
 
29 Multi-level Translation Aids
Alan K. Melby
339
 
30 EUROTRA: Computational Techniques
Rod Johnson, Maghi King and Louis des Tombe
345
 
31 A Framework of a Mechanical Translation between Japanese and English by Analogy Principle
Makoto Nagao
351
 
32 A Statistical Approach to Machine Translation
Peter F. Brown, John Cocke, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent Della Pietra, Frederick Jelinek, John D. Lafferty, Robert L. Mercer and Paul S. Roossin
355
 
33 Automatic Speech Translation at ATR
Tsuyoshi Morimoto and Akira Kurematsu
363
 
34 The Stanford Machine Translation Project
Yorick A. Wilks
371
 
35 The Textual Knowledge Bank: Design, Construction, Applications
Victor Sadler
391
 
36 Machine Translation Without a Source Text
Harold L. Somers, Jun-ichi Tsujii and Danny Jones
401
 
  Source Notes 407
 
  Index 411

商品描述(中文翻譯)

描述:
機器翻譯(MT)領域,即人類語言之間的自動翻譯,已存在超過五十年。MT幫助推動了計算語言學領域的發展,並影響了知識表示、信息理論和數學統計等方法和應用。

這本寶貴的資源提供了關於MT的最具歷史意義的英文文章。該書分為三個部分。歷史部分包含了從MT起步到1960年代末的文章。第二部分涵蓋了理論和方法論問題,包括子語言和受控輸入、人類在機器輔助翻譯中的角色、某些語言學方法的影響、轉換與中介語的問題以及意義和知識的表示。第三部分涵蓋了基於知識、統計和基於示例的多層次分析和表示的系統設計,以及計算問題。

Sergei Nirenburg是馬里蘭大學巴爾的摩縣分校的計算機科學和電氣工程教授。

Harold Somers是曼徹斯特科技大學計算語言學中心的語言工程學教授和主任。

Yorick Wilks是謝菲爾德大學語言、語音和聽覺研究所的計算機科學教授和主任。

目錄:
引言
第一部分:歷史
引言 - Sergei Nirenburg
1. 翻譯 - Warren Weaver
2. 機械翻譯 - A. D. Booth