Web Protocols and Practice: HTTP/1.1, Networking Protocols, Caching, and Traffic (Paperback)
暫譯: 網路協定與實務：HTTP/1.1、網路協定、快取與流量 (平裝本)

Balachander Krishnamurthy, Jennifer Rexford

Web Protocols and Practice: HTTP/1.1, Networking Protocols, Caching, and Traffic (Paperback)
  • 出版商: Addison Wesley
  • 出版日期: 2001-05-14
  • 售價: $1,952
  • 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $1,854
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 672
  • 裝訂: Paperback
  • ISBN: 0201710889
  • ISBN-13: 9780201710885
  • 相關分類: HTTP

    • 立即出貨 (庫存=1)

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Description

Web Protocols and Practice: HTTP/1.1, Networking Protocols, Caching, and Traffic Measurement is an all-in-one reference to the core technologies underlying the World Wide Web. The book provides an authoritative and in-depth look at the systems and protocols responsible for the transfer of content across the Web. The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is responsible for nearly three-quarters of the traffic in today's Internet. This book's extensive treatment of HTTP/1.1 and its interaction with other network protocols is an indispensable resource for students. This book details the evolution of and complete details of the basic building blocks of the Web. Beginning with an overview of Web software components, Web Protocols and Practice then describes the suite of protocols that form the semantic core of how content is delivered on the Web. The second half of the book examines Web measurement and workload characterization and presents a state-of-the-art report on Web caching and multimedia streaming. The book ends with a discussion of research perspectives to highlight topics that may impact the future evolution of the Web.

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Table Of Contents

I. GETTING STARTED.

1. Introduction.
Origin and Growth of the World Wide Web.
Historical Evolution of the Web.
The State of the Web.

Semantic Components of the Web.
Uniform Resource Identifer (URI).
HyperText Markup Language (HTML).
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

Terms and Concepts.
Content on the Web.
Software Components.
Underlying Network.
Standardization.
Web.
Web Applications.

Topics Not Covered.
Tour Through the Book.

II. WEB SOFTWARE COMPONENTS.

2. Web Clients.
Client as a program.
Evolution of the browser.
Web-related browser functions.
Canonical Web transfer example.
Issuing a request from a browser.
Browser caching.
Request message headers.
Response handling.

Browser configuration.
Physical appearance.
Semantic choices.
Configuring browser for non-protocol functions.

Browser security issues.
Cookies.
Motivations for cookies.
Use of cookies in a browser.
User's control over cookies.
Privacy problems with cookies.

Spiders.
Searching on the Web.
Spider client.
Use of spiders in search engines.

Intelligent agents and special-purpose browsers.
Intelligent agents.
Special-purpose browsers.

Summary.

3. Web Proxies.
History and evolution of intermediaries.
High-level classification of proxies.
Caching proxy.
Transparent proxy.

Proxy applications.
Sharing access to the Web.
Caching responses.
Anonymizing clients.
Transforming requests and responses.
Gateway to non-HTTP systems.
Filtering requests and responses.

HTTP-related proxy roles.
Steps in request-response exchange with a proxy.
Handling HTTP requests and responses.
Proxy as Web server.
Proxy as Web client.
Example use of a proxy.

Proxy chaining and hierarchies.
Proxy configuration.
Proxy privacy issues.
Other kinds of proxies.
Reverse proxies or surrogates.
Interception proxies.

Summary.

4. Web Servers.
Web Site Versus Web Server.
Web Site.
Web Server.

Handling a Client Request.
Steps in Handling a Client Request.
Access Control.
Dynamically Generated Responses.
Creating and Using Cookies.

Sharing Information Across Requests.
Sharing HTTP Responses Across Requests.
Sharing Metadata Across Requests.

Server Architecture.
Event-Driven Server Architecture.
Process-Driven Server Architecture.
Hybrid Server Architecture.

Server Hosting.
Multiple Web Sites on a Single Machine.
Multiple Machines for a Single Web Site.

Case Study: Apache Web Server.
Resource Management.
HTTP Request Processing.

Summary.

III. WEB PROTOCOLS.

5. Protocols Underlying HTTP.
Internet Protocol.
Evolution of the Internet Architecture.
IP Design Goals.
IP Addresses.
IP Header Details.

Transmission Control Protocol 0.
Socket Abstraction 1.
Ordered Reliable Byte Stream.
Opening and Closing a TCP Connection.
Sliding-Window Flow Control.
Retransmission of Lost Packets.
TCP Congestion Control.
TCP Header Details.

Domain Name System.
DNS Resolver.
DNS Architecture.
DNS Protocol.
DNS Queries and the Web.
DNS-Based Web Server Load Balancing.

Application-Layer Protocols.
Telnet Protocol.
File Transfer Protocol.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
The Network News Transfer Protocol.
Properties of Application-Layer Protocols.

Summary.

6. HTTP Protocol Design and Description.
Overview of HTTP.
Protocol properties.
Protocol infuences.

HTTP language elements.
HTTP terms.
HTTP/1.0 Request Methods.
HTTP/1.0 Headers.
HTTP/1.0 Response classes.

HTTP Extensibility.
SSL and Security.
SSL.
HTTPS: Using SSL in Web exchanges.
Security in HTTP/1.0.

Protocol compliance and interoperability.
Version number and interoperability.
MUST, SHOULD, MAY requirement levels.

Summary.

7. HTTP/1.1 221.
The evolution of HTTP/1.1 protocol.
History of evolution.
Problems with HTTP/1.0 25.
New concepts in HTTP/1.1.

Methods, headers, response codes in 1.0 and 1.1.
Old and new request methods.
Old and new headers.
Old and new response codes.

Caching.
Caching related terms.
Caching in HTTP/1.0.
Caching in HTTP/1.1.

Bandwidth optimization.
The Range request.
The Expect/Continue mechanism.
Compression.

Connection Management.
The Connection: Keep-Alive mechanism of HTTP/1.0.
Evolution of HTTP/1.1 persistent connection mechanism.
The Connection header.
Pipelining on persistent connections.
Closing persistent connections.

Message transmission.
Extensibility.
Learning about the server.
Learning about intermediate servers.
Upgrading to other protocols.

Internet address conservation.
Content negotiation.
Security, authentication, and integrity.
Security and authentication.
Integrity.

The role of proxies in HTTP/1.1.
Types of proxies.
Syntactic requirements on an HTTP/1.1 proxy.
Semantic requirements on an HTTP/1.1 proxy.

Other miscellaneous changes.
Method-related miscellaneous changes.
Header-related miscellaneous changes.
Response-code-related miscellaneous changes.

Summary.

8. HTTP/TCP Interaction.
TCP Timers.
Retransmission Timer.
Slow-Start Restart.
The TIME WAIT State.

HTTP/TCP Layering.
Aborted HTTP Transfers.
Nagle's Algorithm.
Delayed Acknowledgments.

Multiplexing TCP Connections.
Motivation for Parallel Connections.
Problems with Parallel Connections.

Server Overheads.
Combining System Calls.
Managing Multiple Connections.

Summary.

IV. MEASURING AND CHARACTERIZING WEB TRAFFIC.

9. Web Traffic Measurement.
Motivation for Web Measurement.
Motivation for Content Creators.
Motivation for Web Hosting Companies.
Motivation for Network Operators.
Motivation for Web/Networking Researchers.

Measurement Techniques.
Server Logging.
Proxy Logging.
Client Logging.
Packet Traces.
Active Measurement.

Proxy/Server Logs.
Common Log Format (CLF).
Extended Common Log Format (ECLF).

Preprocessing Measurement Data for Analysis.
Parsing Measurement Data.
Filtering Measurement Data.
Transforming Measurement Data.

Drawing Inferences From Measurement Data.
Limitations of HTTP Header Information.
Ambiguous Client/Server Identity.
Inferring User Actions.
Detecting Resource Modifications.

Case Studies.
Saskatchewan Server Log Study.
British Columbia Proxy Log Study.
Boston University Client Log Study.
AT&T Packet-Trace Study.

Summary.

10. Web Workload Characterization.
Workload Characterization.
Applications of Workload Models.
Selecting Workload Parameters.

Statistics and Probability Distributions.
Mean, Median, and Variance.
Probability Distributions.

HTTP Message Characteristics.
HTTP Request Methods.
HTTP Response Codes.

Web Resource Characteristics.
Content Types.
Resource Sizes.
Response Sizes.
Resource Popularity.
Resource Changes.
Temporal Locality.
Number of Embedded Resources.

User Behavior Characteristics.
Session and Request Arrivals.
Clicks per Session.
Request Interarrival Time.

Applying Workload Models.
Combining Workload Parameters.
Validating the Workload Model.
Generating Synthetic Traffic.

User Privacy.
Access to User-Level Data.
Information Available to Software Components.
Application of User-Level Data.

Summary.

V. WEB APPLICATIONS.

11. Web Caching.
The origins and goals of Web Caching.
Why cache?
What is cacheable?
Protocol-speci_c considerations.
Content-speci_c considerations.

Where is caching done?
How is caching done?
Deciding whether a message is cacheable.
Cache replacement and storing response in cache.
Returning a cached response.
Maintaining a cache.

Cache replacement.
Cache coherency.
Rate of change of resources.
Cache-related protocols.
Internet Cache Protocol (ICP).
Cache Array Resolution Protocol (CARP).
Cache Digest Protocol.
Web Cache Coordination Protocol (WCCP).

Cache software and hardware.
Cache software: The Squid cache.
Caching hardware.

Impediments to caching.
Cache busting.
Privacy issues in caching.

Caching versus replication.
Content distribution.
Content adaptation.
Summary.

12. Delivering Multimedia Streams.
Multimedia Streaming.
Audio and Video Data.
Multimedia Streaming Applications.
Properties of Multimedia Applications.

Delivering Multimedia Content.
Performance Requirements.
Limitations of IP Networks.
Multimedia-on-Demand Over HTTP.

Protocols for Multimedia Streaming.
Data Transport.
Session Establishment.
Session Description.
Presentation Description.

Real Time Streaming Protocol.
Similarities and Differences.
RTSP Request Methods.
RTSP Headers.
RTSP Status Codes.

Summary.

VI. Research Perspectives.

13. Research Perspectives in Caching.
Cache revalidation and invalidation.
Costs associated with revalidation.
Prevalidation.
The Piggybacking approach.
Server-driven invalidation.

End-to-end information exchange.
Server volumes.
Proxy filters.
Volumes and Filters: Practical details.
Volume Construction Algorithms.
Evaluation of volume construction algorithms.
End-to-end information exchange summary.

Prefetching.
DNS Prefetching.
Connection Prefetching.
HTTP Prefetching.
Trade-offs in Prefetching.

Summary.

14. Research Perspectives in Measurement.
Packet Monitoring of HTTP Traffic.
Tapping a Link.
Capturing Packets.
Demultiplexing Packets.
Reconstructing the Ordered Stream.
Extracting HTTP Messages.
Generating HTTP Traces.

Analyzing Web Server Logs.
Parsing and Filtering.
Transforming.

Publicly-Available Logs and Traces.
Measuring Multimedia Streams.
Static Analysis of Multimedia Resources.
Multimedia Server Logs.
Packet Monitoring of Multimedia Streams.
Multi-Layer Packet Monitoring.

Summary.

15. Research Perspectives in Protocol Issues.
Multiplexing HTTP Transfers.
WebMux: An experimental multiplexing Protocol.
TCP Control Block Interdependence.
Integrated Congestion Management.

Adding a Differencing Mechanism to HTTP/1.1.
Motivations for a differencing mechanism for HTTP messages.
Evaluation of delta algorithms.
Deployment issues of delta mechanism in HTTP/1.1.
Status of adding delta mechanism to HTTP/1.1.

HTTP/1.1 Protocol compliance.
Motivation for protocol compliance study.
Testing compliance of clients and proxies.
Methodology of testing compliance.
PROCOW: A large scale compliance study.
Summary of protocol compliance.

End-to-end measurements to study Web performance.
Identifying the factors in end-to-end performance.
Report on an end-to-end performance study.
Summary of end-to-end performance study.

Other extensions to HTTP.
Transparent Content Negotiation.
WebDAV|Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning.
An HTTP Extension Framework.

Summary.

Bibliography.
Index. 0201710889T04062001


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商品描述(中文翻譯)

描述
《Web 協議與實踐：HTTP/1.1、網路協議、快取與流量測量》是一本涵蓋全球資訊網核心技術的全方位參考書。該書對於負責內容在網路上傳輸的系統和協議提供了權威且深入的探討。超文本傳輸協議（HTTP）負責當今互聯網上近四分之三的流量。本書對 HTTP/1.1 及其與其他網路協議的互動進行了廣泛的探討，是學生不可或缺的資源。本書詳細介紹了網路的演變及其基本構建塊的完整細節。從網路軟體組件的概述開始，《Web 協議與實踐》接著描述了形成網路內容傳遞語義核心的一系列協議。書的後半部分探討了網路測量和工作負載特徵，並提供了有關網路快取和多媒體串流的最新報告。最後，書中討論了研究視角，以突顯可能影響網路未來演變的主題。

適合的課程

特點
-

目錄
I. 開始使用
1. 介紹
- 全球資訊網的起源與成長
- 網路的歷史演變
- 網路的現狀
- 網路的語義組件
- 統一資源識別符（URI）
- 超文本標記語言（HTML）
- 超文本傳輸協議（HTTP）
- 相關術語與概念
- 網路上的內容
- 軟體組件
- 基礎網路
- 標準化
- 網路
- 網路應用程式
- 未涵蓋的主題
- 書籍導覽

II. 網路軟體組件
2. 網路客戶端
- 客戶端作為程式
- 瀏覽器的演變
- 與網路相關的瀏覽器功能
- 標準網路傳輸範例
- 從瀏覽器發出請求
- 瀏覽器快取
- 請求訊息標頭
- 回應處理
- 瀏覽器配置
- 外觀
- 語義選擇
- 配置瀏覽器以執行非協議功能
- 瀏覽器安全問題
- Cookies
- Cookies 的動機
- 瀏覽器中使用 Cookies
- 使用者對 Cookies 的控制
- Cookies 的隱私問題
- 爬蟲
- 在網路上搜尋
- 爬蟲客戶端
- 爬蟲在搜尋引擎中的使用
- 智能代理與專用瀏覽器
- 智能代理
- 專用瀏覽器
- 總結

3. 網路代理
- 中介的歷史與演變
- 代理的高層分類
- 快取代理
- 透明代理
- 代理應用
- 共享網路訪問
- 快取回應
- 匿名客戶端
- 轉換請求與回應
- 連接非 HTTP 系統的網關
- 過濾請求與回應
- 與 HTTP 相關的代理角色
- 與代理的請求-回應交換步驟
- 處理 HTTP 請求與回應
- 代理作為網路伺服器
- 代理作為網路客戶端
- 代理的使用範例
- 代理鏈接與層級
- 代理配置
- 代理隱私問題
- 其他類型的代理
- 反向代理或替代品
- 攔截代理
- 總結

4. 網路伺服器
- 網站與網路伺服器的區別
- 網站
- 網路伺服器
- 處理客戶端請求
- 處理客戶端請求的步驟
- 存取控制
- 動態生成的回應
- 創建與使用 Cookies
- 請求間共享資訊
- 請求間共享 HTTP 回應
- 請求間共享元數據
- 伺服器架構
- 事件驅動伺服器架構
- 流程驅動伺服器架構
- 混合伺服器架構
- 伺服器託管
- 單一機器上的多個網站
- 單一網站的多台機器
- 案例研究：Apache 網路伺服器
- 資源管理
- HTTP 請求處理
- 總結

III. 網路協議
5. HTTP 的基礎協議
- 網際網路協議
- 網際網路架構的演變
- IP 設計目標
- IP 位址
- IP 標頭細節
- 傳輸控制協議
- 套接字抽象
- 有序可靠的位元組流
- 開啟與關閉 TCP 連接
- 滑動窗口流量控制
- 重傳丟失的封包
- TCP 擁塞控制
- TCP 標頭細節
- 網域名稱系統
- DNS 解析器
- DNS 架構
- DNS 協議
- DNS 查詢與網路
- 基於 DNS 的網路伺服器負載平衡
- 應用層協議
- Telnet 協議
- 檔案傳輸協議
- 簡單郵件傳輸協議
- 網路新聞傳輸協議
- 應用層協議的特性
- 總結

6. HTTP 協議設計與描述
- HTTP 概述
- 協議特性
- 協議影響
- HTTP 語言元素
- HTTP 術語
- HTTP/1.0 請求方法
- HTTP/1.0 標頭
- HTTP/1.0 回應類別
- HTTP 可擴展性
- SSL 與安全性
- SSL
- HTTPS：在網路交換中使用 SSL
- HTTP/1.0 的安全性
- 協議合規性與互操作性
- 版本號與互操作性
- MUST、SHOULD、MAY 要求級別
- 總結

7. HTTP/1.1 的演變
- HTTP/1.1 協議的演變
- 演變歷史
- HTTP/1.0 的問題
- HTTP/1.1 的新概念
- 1.0 與 1.1 的方法、標頭、回應碼
- 舊的與新的請求方法
- 舊的與新的標頭
- 舊的與新的回應碼
- 快取
- 與快取相關的術語
- HTTP/1.0 中的快取
- HTTP/1.1 中的快取
- 帶寬優化
- 範圍請求
- Expect/Continue 機制
- 壓縮
- 連接管理
- HTTP/1.0 的 Keep-Alive 機制
- HTTP/1.1 持久連接機制的演變
- 連接標頭
- 在持久連接上進行管道化
- 關閉持久連接
- 訊息傳輸
- 可擴展性
- 瞭解伺服器
- 瞭解中介伺服器
- 升級到其他協議
- 網際網路位址保護
- 內容協商
- 安全性、身份驗證與完整性
- 安全性與身份驗證
- 完整性
- 代理在 HTTP/1.1 中的角色
- 代理的類型
- HTTP/1.1 代理的語法要求
- HTTP/1.1 代理的語義要求
- 其他雜項變更
- 與方法相關的雜項變更
- 與標頭相關的雜項變更
- 與回應碼相關的雜項變更
- 總結

8. HTTP/TCP 互動
- TCP 計時器
- 重傳計時器
- 慢啟動重啟
- TIME WAIT 狀態
- HTTP/TCP 分層
- 中止的 HTTP 傳輸
- Nagle 演算法
- 延遲確認
- 多路復用 TCP 連接
- 平行連接的動機
- 平行連接的問題
- 伺服器開銷
- 結合系統呼叫
- 管理多個連接
- 總結

IV. 測量與特徵化網路流量
9. 網路流量測量
- 網路測量的動機
- 內容創作者的動機
- 網路託管公司的動機
- 網路運營商的動機
- 網路/網路研究者的動機
- 測量技術
- 伺服器日誌
- 代理日誌
- 客戶端日誌
- 封包追蹤
- 主動測量
- 代理/伺服器日誌
- 常見日誌格式（CLF）
- 擴展常見日誌格式（ECLF）
- 預處理測量數據以進行分析
- 解析測量數據
- 過濾測量數據
- 轉換測量數據
- 從測量數據中推斷
- HTTP 標頭資訊的限制
- 模糊的客戶端/伺服器身份
- 推斷使用者行為
- 偵測資源修改
- 案例研究
- 薩斯喀徹溫省伺服器日誌研究
- 不列顛哥倫比亞省代理日誌研究
- 波士頓大學客戶端日誌研究
- AT&T 封包追蹤研究
- 總結

10. 網路工作負載特徵化
- 工作負載特徵化
- 工作負載模型的應用

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