Venus: Evolution Through Time

金星是探索的科學豐富目標。儘管金星是我們最近的行星鄰居，但其演化目前仍然知之甚少。本書回顧了金星的形成、演變及其當前狀態的現有知識。目前尚不清楚其構造和火山活動在歷史上是如何變化的，也不清楚它是否曾經有過一個擁有液態水的可居住階段。本書探討的科學問題涵蓋了內部過程、表面地質、大氣、氣候、當前活動的證據以及過去可居住性的潛力。

金星在更廣泛的行星科學中也至關重要。我們可以從金星的歷史中學到什麼關於地球大小行星和一般地球行星的生命和可居住性？本書探討了對金星的深入研究將如何推進我們對天體生物學、比較行星學以及塑造早期地球過程的關鍵問題的理解。

現在是金星探索的關鍵時刻。來自金星快車（Venus Express）和曉（Akatsuki）的新發現，以及對馬格蘭（Magellan）和早期任務的新分析，為金星的演變提供了大量新見解。最近選定了三個新的金星任務 - 歐洲太空局的EnVision、NASA的DAVINCI和VERITAS - 這些任務將徹底改變我們對金星當前狀態及其隨時間演變的理解，其他任務概念也在開發中。本書概述了即將到來的任務和相關調查將如何提供所需數據，以拼湊出地球和金星為何如此不同演變的原因。

摘自《太空科學評論》專題集《金星：隨時間演變》。

Dr. Thomas Widemann is a Senior Research Scientist at the Laboratory of Instrumentation and Research in Astrophysics (LIRA) of the Paris Observatory. Focusing on planetary studies using UV, visible, and infrared spectroscopy, he developed outstanding techniques combining simultaneous space and ground-based observations to study the climate and dynamics of planetary atmospheres. He received his doctorate degree in Astrophysics and Space Science from Paris University, followed by a postdoc at CNES and Associated Professorship at Université de Versailles. He was Venus Express Support Investigator, and co-led the EnVision mission proposal to ESA's Cosmic Vision. He is also co-investigator of the VERITAS mission to Venus and co-Lead Scientist of the EnVision/VenSpec-M instrument. He was recently elected corresponding member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA).

Dr. Colin Wilson is a planetary scientist with particular expertise in atmospheres of Venus and Mars. He has developed instruments and mission concepts for future planetary exploration, including wind sensors for Mars landers, wind sensors for the Titan Dragonfly mission, together with the Johns Hopkins University / Applied Physics Lab, and Venus mission proposals including the EnVision Venus Orbiter. He used Venus Express data to study cloud properties, winds and radiative balance on Venus. Dr. Wilson is the European Space Agency's Project Scientist for Mars Express and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter missions.

Prof. Doris Breuer is head of the Planetary Physics Department at DLR, Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin and Associated Professor at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. She works on the thermochemical evolution, mantle dynamics and internal structure of planetary bodies. She received her doctoral degree at the University in Münster, Germany and worked as a postdoc in Minneapolis, USA before she went back to the University of Münster and then to DLR in Berlin. She has been scientifically involved in several space missions and is currently co-investigator on VERITAS and for the VenSpec Suite on EnVision. She further participates in BepiColombo, the ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury and JUICE an ESA mission to Ganymede.

Dr. Cedric Gillmann is a researcher at ETH Zurich whose interests gravitate around planetary processes that affect long-term evolution and habitability of terrestrial planets, with an eye for all types of exchanges between their interior, surface and atmosphere. He "met" Venus during his PhD at IPGP in Paris and has never looked back. Since then, he has worked at the Royal Observatory of Belgium, the Free University of Brussels, Rice University in Houston and ETH Zurich. He is involved in the ESA EnVision mission, as part of the science support team for the Radio Science Experiment and Collaborator for the VenSpec Suite

Dr. Sue Smrekar is a Senior Research Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Her research focuses on how Venus and Earth evolved down such different paths, and how interior processes link to surface geology, the atmosphere, and long-term habitability. She has worked on numerous planetary missions, including as the Project Scientist for Deep Space 2, Deputy Project Scientist for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, participating scientist on Venus Express, and Deputy Principal Investigator for the InSight mission to Mars. She is the PI for the VERITAS mission to Venus. She is a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA).

Prof. Tilman Spohn was a professor at the University of Münster (1984-2016), Germany, and the director of the DLR Institute of Planetary Research from 2003-2017. He served as executive director of ISSI 2019-2022. His research focuses on the thermodynamics of the interiors of rocky and icy planets, moons and small bodies and the link to life in the solar system and beyond. He received his diploma and doctorate degrees in geophysics from Frankfurt University. He has worked on various missions serving as instrument PI for MUPUS on Rosetta and HP3 on InSight. He is a member of the Academia Europaea and the Academy of Astronautics.

德國明斯特大學的德里克·斯波恩教授（Prof. Tilman Spohn）曾於1984年至2016年擔任該校教授，並於2003年至2017年擔任德國宇航中心（DLR）行星研究所所長。他於2019年至2022年擔任國際太空科學研究所（ISSI）執行董事。他的研究專注於岩石和冰行星、衛星及小天體的內部熱力學，以及這些與太陽系及更廣泛範圍內生命的關聯。他在德國明斯特大學獲得地球物理學的學士和博士學位。