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商品描述
在這本全新的實用指南中,本書作者提供了一個系統的、健壯的、
實用的容量規劃方法,而不是基於他們自己的經驗和業內其他同行經驗的理論模型。
這些容量規劃方法解決了網站運維,尤其是雲計算帶來的流量突增衍生的容量問題。
本書主要內容有:了解在較大流量和壓力下網站或移動應用程序上出現的問題。
了解容量如何適應網站或移動應用程序的可用性和性能。
使用測量和監控服務性能和使用率的工具。
將測量數據轉化為可靠的預測,並了解如何讓趨勢適應容量規劃過程。
與測量相關的部署概念:安裝、配置和管理自動化。
了解云自動擴縮能力如何使你提升和降低應用程序的容量。
目錄大綱
前言................................................. ......... 1
*1章容量規劃的目標、問題和過程....................11
背景................. .................................................. ...................................... 11
準備.......... .................................................. ............................................. 12
快捷但不太好的數學............................................... ........................... 15
預測你的系統何時會崩潰.............. .................................................. . 16
用系統統計表呈現問題.......................................... ........................... 18
買東西,採購是一個過程............... .................................................. 25
性能與容量,兩種不同的概念........................................ ................ 27
社交網站與開放式API的影響......................... .................................. 29
延展閱讀................................................ ................................................ 31
關鍵章節................................................. ............................................... 31
參考資料.................................................. .............................................. 32
*2章設定容量目標.......................................... 35
不同種類的需求和測量方法.............................................. ............... 36
解讀正式測量............................... ................................................ 36
服務等級協議................................................ ............................... 40
業務容量需求............... .................................................. .............. 42
用戶期望................................................ ........................................ 43
架構決策....... .................................................. ....................................... 45
提供測量點....... .................................................. ........................... 46
資源瓶頸.................... .................................................. .................. 48
硬件決策(垂直、水平和對角擴展) .................... ............... 49
災難恢復................................ .................................................. ...... 53
延展閱讀......................................... .................................................. ..... 54
參考資料.......................................... .................................................. .... 54
第3章測量:容量的單位................................... 57
容量跟踪工具... .................................................. .................................. 63
度量指標採集系統基礎.......... .................................................. .. 65
輪詢數據庫和輪詢數據庫工具....................................... .......... 66
Ganglia ...................................... .................................................. ... 66
SNMP ............................................. .................................................. 67
將日誌視為過去的度量指標......................................... ............ 67
監控可作為識別緊急問題的工具............................. ............... 68
網絡測量和規劃.............................. ............................................. 69
負載均衡................................................ ........................................ 71
應用程序監控...... .................................................. ............................... 73
應用層的測量.............. .................................................. ............... 73
存儲容量................................ .................................................. ...... 75
數據庫容量......................................... ........................................... 87
找到數據庫上限... .................................................. ...................... 91
緩存系統......................... .................................................. ............. 93
緩存效率:工作集和動態數據............................ ..................... 93
確認緩存系統上限.............................................. ......................... 96
一個真實的示例:緩存測量................. .................................... 97
特殊用途和多用途服務器....... ................................................ 102
API的使用率及其對容量的影響......................................... ........... 106
示例和現實................................... .................................................. ..... 109
小結........................................... .................................................. .......... 109
延展閱讀..................................... .................................................. ....... 110
性能......................................... .................................................. .... 110
網絡................................................. .............................................. 111
負載均衡. .................................................. ................................... 112
存儲............. .................................................. ................................ 112
數據庫及緩存.............. .................................................. ............. 112
參考資料.................................. .................................................. .......... 113
第4章趨勢預測.................................. ..............115
曲線擬合................................ .................................................. ............ 117
趨勢、曲線、時間................................ ..................................... 118
將應用程序級度量指標和系統統計進行關聯:
數據庫實例.................................... .............................................. 123
預測峰值驅動的資源使用量:Web服務器示例................ 126
小數據集的附加說明................... ............................................. 129
自動預測.. .................................................. .................................. 130
安全因素............. .................................................. ....................... 133
採購......................... .................................................. ............................ 135
採購時間:關鍵性度量指標.............. ..................................... 136
適時庫存.......... .................................................. .......................... 136
增加容量後的影響............................................. ............................... 138
長期趨勢................ .................................................. ............................ 139
流量模式變更.................. .................................................. ......... 139
應用程序使用量變更和產品規劃................................ .......... 142
迭代和校準.................................... .................................................. .... 143
*好的猜測......................................... ......................................... 145
對角線擴展時機... .................................................. .................... 146
小結............................ .................................................. ......................... 146
延展閱讀................................................ .............................................. 147
採購或租賃.................................................. ................................ 147
時間–序列預測............. .................................................. ............ 148
曲線擬合.................................. .................................................. .. 148
測量.............................................. ................................................. 148
參考資料................................................ .............................................. 148
第5章部署................................................. ..... 149
自動化部署基本原理........................................ ................................ 150
目標1:*小化提供新容量的時間....................................... . 150
目標2:變化集中分佈.......................................... .................... 150
目標3:決不登錄單個服務器(針對管理) ................. ..... 151
目標4:使新的服務器自動工作................................... ......... 152
目標5:在簡單的故障檢測中保持一致性........................... 152
自動化安裝工具............................................... .................................. 153
準備操作系統鏡像........... .................................................. ........ 157
安裝過程....................................... ............................................... 158
自動化部署.................................................. ........................................ 159
定義角色和服務.............................................. ........................... 160
示例1:分離靜態網頁內容............... ...................................... 161
用戶管理和訪問控制...... .................................................. ........ 162
決策........................................ .................................................. ..... 163
示例2:多數據中心...................................... ............................ 164
小結.................... .................................................. ................................. 165
延展閱讀.............. .................................................. .............................. 165
參考資料................. .................................................. ........................... 166
第6章自動擴縮容........................................... . 167
挑戰............................................... .................................................. ...... 168
使用ymx EC2進行自動擴縮容................................... ...... 172
設計指南......................................... ............................................. 174
要求... .................................................. .......................................... 175
固定數量擴縮容.. .................................................. ..................... 176
擴縮容百分比........................ .................................................. ... 179
百花齊放............................................. ......................................... 188
先進的方法............................................... ................................... 190
小結............. .................................................. ........................................ 190
延展閱讀....... .................................................. ..................................... 192
參考資料.......... .................................................. .................................. 194
附錄A虛擬化........... ....................................... 197
附錄B處理瞬時增長..... ................................... 205
附錄C容量工具.......... ..................................... 213