O-RAN：開放式無線接入網絡技術

第1 章 O-RAN 發展歷程 ··································································1 

1.1 O-RAN 技術發展歷程 ··································································· 1 

1.1.1 移動通信 RAN 技術發展 ·································································· 1 

1.1.2 C-RAN、Virtual RAN（vRAN）與 O-RAN ··········································· 5 

1.2 O-RAN 組織發展歷史 ··································································11 

1.2.1 電信基礎設施項目······································································12 

1.2.2 O-RAN 聯盟 ················································································13 

1.2.3 其他組織 ····················································································15 

第 2 章 O-RAN 產業現狀 ································································ 18 

2.1 O-RAN 產業發展歷程與生態概覽 ···················································18 

2.2 全球主流電信運營商 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ···································20 

2.2.1 Telefonica 的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ···············································22 

2.2.2 德國電信的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ·················································23 

2.2.3 沃達豐的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ····················································23 

2.2.4 樂天移動的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ·················································24 

2.2.5 Dish 的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ······················································25 

2.2.6 中國移動的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ·················································25 

2.3 傳統電信設備供應商對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ······································26 

2.3.1 愛立信對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ··························································26 

2.3.2 諾基亞對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ··························································27 

2.3.3 三星對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·····························································27 

2.3.4 華為 / 中興對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·····················································28 

2.4 新興電信設備供應商對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ······································28 

2.4.1 Altiostar 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ························································28 

2.4.2 Parallel Wireless 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ··············································30 

2.4.3 Mavenir 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ························································32 

2.4.4 思科對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·····························································33 

2.4.5 英特爾對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································33 

2.4.6 亞信科技對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································34 

2.4.7 世炬網絡對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································37 

2.5 測試儀表廠商對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ···············································37 

2.5.1 是德科技對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································37 

2.5.2 VIAVI 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ···························································39 

第 3 章 O-RAN 架構 ······································································ 41 

3.1 O-RAN 架構總體介紹 ··································································41 

3.1.1 O-RAN 總體架構 ··········································································42 

3.1.2 O-RAN 雲平臺 ·············································································45 

3.1.3 O-RAN 網絡功能層 ·······································································45 

3.1.4 O-RAN 服務管理和編排 ·································································47 

3.1.5 O-RAN 智能化控制 ·······································································48 

3.2 O-RAN 與其他網元互連 ·······························································53 

3.2.1 O-RAN 與 3GPP LTE 網元互連 ·························································53 

3.2.2 O-RAN 與 3GPP 5G 網元互連 ··························································53 

3.2.3 O-RAN 與 Non-3GPP 網元互連 ························································54 

3.3 O-RAN 安全 ··············································································55 

3.3.1 O-RAN 安全措施 ··········································································55 

3.3.2 O-RAN 威脅分析 ··········································································56 

3.3.3 O-RAN 安全協議 ··········································································57 

3.3.4 零信任體系結構 ···········································································57 

3.3.5 安全增強計劃 ··············································································57 

3.4 O-RAN 架構與 3GPP 5G RAN 架構比較 ···········································58 

3.4.1 核心目標比較 ··············································································58 

3.4.2 架構比較 ····················································································59 

第 4 章 非實時無線智能控制器 ························································ 65 

4.1 非實時無線智能控制器架構···························································65 

4.1.1 Non-RT RIC 架構需求 ····································································65 

4.1.2 Non-RT RIC 框架的服務化功能和接口 ···············································70 

4.1.3 rApp 能力 ···················································································72 

4.2 Non-RT RIC 基礎功能 ··································································72 

4.2.1 數據管理與開放 ···········································································73 

4.2.2 策略管理 ····················································································74 

4.2.3 rApp 管理 ···················································································74 

4.2.4 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································75 

4.2.5 終端服務 ····················································································75 

4.3 rApp 基礎功能 ············································································76 

4.3.1 rApp 集成服務 ·············································································76 

4.3.2 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································76 

4.4 A1 接口 ····················································································77 

4.4.1 A1-P 服務信息 ·············································································79 

4.4.2 A1-EI 服務信息 ············································································81 

4.4.3 A1-ML 服務信息 ··········································································82 

4.5 R1 接口 ····················································································82 

第 5 章 近實時無線智能控制器 ························································ 86 

5.1 近實時無線智能控制器架構···························································86 

5.1.1 Near-RT RIC 架構需求····································································86 

5.1.2 Near-RT RIC 功能 ··········································································87 

5.1.3 xApp 能力 ···················································································89 

5.2 Near-RT RIC 基礎功能 ··································································90 

5.2.1 數據庫與 SDL 服務 ·······································································90 

5.2.2 xApp 訂閱管理 ·············································································91 

5.2.3 沖突調解 ····················································································91 

5.2.4 消息總線 ····················································································93 

5.2.5 安全性 ·······················································································93 

5.2.6 管理服務 ····················································································94 

5.2.7 接口服務 ····················································································95 

5.2.8 API 管理服務 ···············································································96 

5.2.9 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································97 

5.2.10 xApp 倉儲功能 ···········································································97 

5.3 xApp 簡介 ·················································································98 

5.3.1 xApp 組成 ···················································································98 

5.3.2 經典用例 ····················································································98 

5.4 E2 接口 ····················································································99 

5.4.1 E2 訂閱功能 ·············································································· 100 

5.4.2 E2 訂閱刪除功能 ········································································ 102 

5.4.3 E2 指示功能 ·············································································· 105 

5.4.4 E2 控制功能 ·············································································· 106 

5.4.5 E2 指南請求 / 響應功能 ································································ 107 

5.4.6 E2 指南修改功能 ········································································ 109 

5.5 基於 QoS 的資源優化 ································································· 111 

5.5.1 參與的功能實體 ········································································· 112 

5.5.2 主要功能流程 ············································································ 113 

第 6 章 集中單元、分佈單元和射頻單元 ···········································115 

6.1 集中單元················································································· 116 

6.1.1 集中單元用戶面 ········································································· 116 

6.1.2 集中單元控制面 ········································································· 118 

6.2 分佈單元················································································· 124 

6.2.1 無線鏈路控制 ············································································ 125 

6.2.2 媒體接入控制 ············································································ 126 

6.2.3 物理層 ····················································································· 134 

6.3 射頻單元················································································· 135 

6.3.1 室內型皮站 O-RU7-2 硬件架構 ························································ 136 

6.3.2 室內型皮站 O-RU6 硬件架構 ·························································· 137 

6.3.3 室內型皮站 O-RU8 硬件架構 ·························································· 139 

6.3.4 室內型皮站 DU 與 RU 一體化硬件架構 ············································ 140 

6.3.5 室內型皮站 O-RUx 通用要求 ························································· 141 

6.3.6 室內型皮站 O-RUx 切分選項具體要求 ·············································· 143 

6.3.7 室外型微站 O-RU7-2 硬件架構 ························································ 144 

6.3.8 室外型微站 O-RUx 通用要求 ·························································· 145 

6.3.9 室內型皮站前傳接口網關 FHGW7-2（Option7-2 之間互聯） ···················· 147 

6.3.10 室內型皮站前傳接口網關 FHGW（Option7-2 與 Option8 之間互聯） ······· 149 

6.3.11 室內型皮站前傳接口網關 FHGW（Option8 之間互聯） ······················ 150 

6.3.12 室內型皮站 FHGWX 通用技術要求 ················································ 152 

第 7 章 O-RAN 雲化 ···································································· 154 

7.1 雲平臺 ···················································································· 154 

7.1.1 雲計算架構 ··············································································· 154 

7.1.2 O-Cloud 架構 ············································································· 156 

7.1.3 O-Cloud 關鍵概念 ······································································· 160 

7.1.4 O-Cloud 基礎用例 ······································································· 161 

7.1.5 O-Cloud 部署場景 ······································································· 163 

7.2 O2 接口 ·················································································· 171 

7.2.1 O2 接口功能 ·············································································· 171 

7.2.2 O2 接口服務 ·············································································· 173 

7.3 O-Cloud Notifification 接口及功能 ··················································· 174 

第 8 章 O-RAN 的管理與編排 ························································ 179 

8.1 SMO 的功能定位 ······································································ 179 

8.2 SMO OAM 架構········································································ 180 

8.2.1 OAM 架構總體設計原則 ······························································· 180 

8.2.2 架構需求 ·················································································· 181 

8.2.3 參考體系架構 ············································································ 182 

8.3 SMO 網絡實例化示例 ································································ 192 

8.3.1 O-RAN 網絡服務的構成 ······························································· 192 

8.3.2 網絡實例化目標 ········································································· 193 

8.3.3 SMO 功能需求 ··········································································· 193 

8.3.4 用例流程 ·················································································· 194 

8.4 SMO 與傳統 OSS 的接口 ···························································· 197 

8.5 O1 接口 ·················································································· 199 

8.5.1 配置管理 ·················································································· 200 

8.5.2 性能管理 ·················································································· 201 

8.5.3 故障管理 ·················································································· 201 

8.5.4 跟蹤管理 ·················································································· 201 

8.5.5 文件管理 ·················································································· 202 

8.5.6 心跳管理 ·················································································· 203 

8.5.7 PNF 啟動和註冊管理 ··································································· 203 

8.5.8 PNF 軟件管理 ············································································ 203 

8.6 SMO 與自智網絡 ······································································ 204 

8.6.1 網絡管理系統自智等級分級總體方法 ·············································· 204 

8.6.2 O-RAN SMO（服務管理編排）與自智網絡相關管理編排 ····················· 205 

第 9 章 O-RAN 演進與展望 ··························································· 206 

9.1 O-RAN 面臨的挑戰和不足 ·························································· 206 

9.2 O-RAN 展望 ············································································ 208 

詞匯表·························································································211