O-RAN：開放式無線接入網絡技術
歐陽曄
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目錄大綱
第1 章 O-RAN 發展歷程 ··································································1
1.1 O-RAN 技術發展歷程 ··································································· 1
1.1.1 移動通信 RAN 技術發展 ·································································· 1
1.1.2 C-RAN、Virtual RAN（vRAN）與 O-RAN ··········································· 5
1.2 O-RAN 組織發展歷史 ··································································11
1.2.1 電信基礎設施項目······································································12
1.2.2 O-RAN 聯盟 ················································································13
1.2.3 其他組織 ····················································································15
第 2 章 O-RAN 產業現狀 ································································ 18
2.1 O-RAN 產業發展歷程與生態概覽 ···················································18
2.2 全球主流電信運營商 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ···································20
2.2.1 Telefonica 的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ···············································22
2.2.2 德國電信的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ·················································23
2.2.3 沃達豐的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ····················································23
2.2.4 樂天移動的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ·················································24
2.2.5 Dish 的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ······················································25
2.2.6 中國移動的 O-RAN 研發 & 部署情況 ·················································25
2.3 傳統電信設備供應商對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ······································26
2.3.1 愛立信對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ··························································26
2.3.2 諾基亞對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ··························································27
2.3.3 三星對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·····························································27
2.3.4 華為 / 中興對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·····················································28
2.4 新興電信設備供應商對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ······································28
2.4.1 Altiostar 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ························································28
2.4.2 Parallel Wireless 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ··············································30
2.4.3 Mavenir 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ························································32
2.4.4 思科對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·····························································33
2.4.5 英特爾對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································33
2.4.6 亞信科技對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································34
2.4.7 世炬網絡對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································37
2.5 測試儀表廠商對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ···············································37
2.5.1 是德科技對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ·······················································37
2.5.2 VIAVI 對 O-RAN 的支持情況 ···························································39
第 3 章 O-RAN 架構 ······································································ 41
3.1 O-RAN 架構總體介紹 ··································································41
3.1.1 O-RAN 總體架構 ··········································································42
3.1.2 O-RAN 雲平臺 ·············································································45
3.1.3 O-RAN 網絡功能層 ·······································································45
3.1.4 O-RAN 服務管理和編排 ·································································47
3.1.5 O-RAN 智能化控制 ·······································································48
3.2 O-RAN 與其他網元互連 ·······························································53
3.2.1 O-RAN 與 3GPP LTE 網元互連 ·························································53
3.2.2 O-RAN 與 3GPP 5G 網元互連 ··························································53
3.2.3 O-RAN 與 Non-3GPP 網元互連 ························································54
3.3 O-RAN 安全 ··············································································55
3.3.1 O-RAN 安全措施 ··········································································55
3.3.2 O-RAN 威脅分析 ··········································································56
3.3.3 O-RAN 安全協議 ··········································································57
3.3.4 零信任體系結構 ···········································································57
3.3.5 安全增強計劃 ··············································································57
3.4 O-RAN 架構與 3GPP 5G RAN 架構比較 ···········································58
3.4.1 核心目標比較 ··············································································58
3.4.2 架構比較 ····················································································59
第 4 章 非實時無線智能控制器 ························································ 65
4.1 非實時無線智能控制器架構···························································65
4.1.1 Non-RT RIC 架構需求 ····································································65
4.1.2 Non-RT RIC 框架的服務化功能和接口 ···············································70
4.1.3 rApp 能力 ···················································································72
4.2 Non-RT RIC 基礎功能 ··································································72
4.2.1 數據管理與開放 ···········································································73
4.2.2 策略管理 ····················································································74
4.2.3 rApp 管理 ···················································································74
4.2.4 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································75
4.2.5 終端服務 ····················································································75
4.3 rApp 基礎功能 ············································································76
4.3.1 rApp 集成服務 ·············································································76
4.3.2 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································76
4.4 A1 接口 ····················································································77
4.4.1 A1-P 服務信息 ·············································································79
4.4.2 A1-EI 服務信息 ············································································81
4.4.3 A1-ML 服務信息 ··········································································82
4.5 R1 接口 ····················································································82
第 5 章 近實時無線智能控制器 ························································ 86
5.1 近實時無線智能控制器架構···························································86
5.1.1 Near-RT RIC 架構需求····································································86
5.1.2 Near-RT RIC 功能 ··········································································87
5.1.3 xApp 能力 ···················································································89
5.2 Near-RT RIC 基礎功能 ··································································90
5.2.1 數據庫與 SDL 服務 ·······································································90
5.2.2 xApp 訂閱管理 ·············································································91
5.2.3 沖突調解 ····················································································91
5.2.4 消息總線 ····················································································93
5.2.5 安全性 ·······················································································93
5.2.6 管理服務 ····················································································94
5.2.7 接口服務 ····················································································95
5.2.8 API 管理服務 ···············································································96
5.2.9 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································97
5.2.10 xApp 倉儲功能 ···········································································97
5.3 xApp 簡介 ·················································································98
5.3.1 xApp 組成 ···················································································98
5.3.2 經典用例 ····················································································98
5.4 E2 接口 ····················································································99
5.4.1 E2 訂閱功能 ·············································································· 100
5.4.2 E2 訂閱刪除功能 ········································································ 102
5.4.3 E2 指示功能 ·············································································· 105
5.4.4 E2 控制功能 ·············································································· 106
5.4.5 E2 指南請求 / 響應功能 ································································ 107
5.4.6 E2 指南修改功能 ········································································ 109
5.5 基於 QoS 的資源優化 ································································· 111
5.5.1 參與的功能實體 ········································································· 112
5.5.2 主要功能流程 ············································································ 113
第 6 章 集中單元、分佈單元和射頻單元 ···········································115
6.1 集中單元················································································· 116
6.1.1 集中單元用戶面 ········································································· 116
6.1.2 集中單元控制面 ········································································· 118
6.2 分佈單元················································································· 124
6.2.1 無線鏈路控制 ············································································ 125
6.2.2 媒體接入控制 ············································································ 126
6.2.3 物理層 ····················································································· 134
6.3 射頻單元················································································· 135
6.3.1 室內型皮站 O-RU7-2 硬件架構 ························································ 136
6.3.2 室內型皮站 O-RU6 硬件架構 ·························································· 137
6.3.3 室內型皮站 O-RU8 硬件架構 ·························································· 139
6.3.4 室內型皮站 DU 與 RU 一體化硬件架構 ············································ 140
6.3.5 室內型皮站 O-RUx 通用要求 ························································· 141
6.3.6 室內型皮站 O-RUx 切分選項具體要求 ·············································· 143
6.3.7 室外型微站 O-RU7-2 硬件架構 ························································ 144
6.3.8 室外型微站 O-RUx 通用要求 ·························································· 145
6.3.9 室內型皮站前傳接口網關 FHGW7-2（Option7-2 之間互聯） ···················· 147
6.3.10 室內型皮站前傳接口網關 FHGW（Option7-2 與 Option8 之間互聯） ······· 149
6.3.11 室內型皮站前傳接口網關 FHGW（Option8 之間互聯） ······················ 150
6.3.12 室內型皮站 FHGWX 通用技術要求 ················································ 152
第 7 章 O-RAN 雲化 ···································································· 154
7.1 雲平臺 ···················································································· 154
7.1.1 雲計算架構 ··············································································· 154
7.1.2 O-Cloud 架構 ············································································· 156
7.1.3 O-Cloud 關鍵概念 ······································································· 160
7.1.4 O-Cloud 基礎用例 ······································································· 161
7.1.5 O-Cloud 部署場景 ······································································· 163
7.2 O2 接口 ·················································································· 171
7.2.1 O2 接口功能 ·············································································· 171
7.2.2 O2 接口服務 ·············································································· 173
7.3 O-Cloud Notifification 接口及功能 ··················································· 174
第 8 章 O-RAN 的管理與編排 ························································ 179
8.1 SMO 的功能定位 ······································································ 179
8.2 SMO OAM 架構········································································ 180
8.2.1 OAM 架構總體設計原則 ······························································· 180
8.2.2 架構需求 ·················································································· 181
8.2.3 參考體系架構 ············································································ 182
8.3 SMO 網絡實例化示例 ································································ 192
8.3.1 O-RAN 網絡服務的構成 ······························································· 192
8.3.2 網絡實例化目標 ········································································· 193
8.3.3 SMO 功能需求 ··········································································· 193
8.3.4 用例流程 ·················································································· 194
8.4 SMO 與傳統 OSS 的接口 ···························································· 197
8.5 O1 接口 ·················································································· 199
8.5.1 配置管理 ·················································································· 200
8.5.2 性能管理 ·················································································· 201
8.5.3 故障管理 ·················································································· 201
8.5.4 跟蹤管理 ·················································································· 201
8.5.5 文件管理 ·················································································· 202
8.5.6 心跳管理 ·················································································· 203
8.5.7 PNF 啟動和註冊管理 ··································································· 203
8.5.8 PNF 軟件管理 ············································································ 203
8.6 SMO 與自智網絡 ······································································ 204
8.6.1 網絡管理系統自智等級分級總體方法 ·············································· 204
8.6.2 O-RAN SMO（服務管理編排）與自智網絡相關管理編排 ····················· 205
第 9 章 O-RAN 演進與展望 ··························································· 206
9.1 O-RAN 面臨的挑戰和不足 ·························································· 206
9.2 O-RAN 展望 ············································································ 208
詞匯表·························································································211
