Scratch少兒編程思維訓練：培養孩子的邏輯思維和計算思維能力

目? 錄

第一部分? Scratch快速入門

第1章  初識Scratch····················2

1.1? 什麽是編程··············································· 2

1.2? Scratch簡介·············································· 3

1.3? Scratch的下載和安裝······························· 4

1.3.1  電腦操作基礎········································4

1.3.2  Scratch的下載···········································6

1.3.3  Scratch的安裝···········································7

1.3.4  Scratch的啟動···········································8

1.4? Scratch的編程界面··································· 9

1.4.1  積木區·····························10

1.4.2  代碼區·····························11

1.4.3  角色區·····························13

1.4.4  舞臺區·····························13

1.4.5  背景區·····························13

1.4.6  標簽欄·····························14

1.4.7  菜單欄·····························15

1.4.8  按鈕·································17

1.5? 動手做一做··············································17

第2章  角色·······························20

2.1? 什麽是角色·············································20

2.2? 角色列表·························21

2.3? 添加、刪除和復制角色·························22

2.3.1  添加角色··························22

2.3.2  刪除角色··························23

2.3.3  復制角色··························23

2.4? 狀態信息························23

2.5? 造型······························· 24

2.6? 配音································27

第3章  讓角色“活”起來································29

3.1? 移動································29

3.1.1  舞臺的直角坐標系···································29

3.1.2  用於移動角色的積木·······························31

3.1.3  動手做一做··············································33

3.1.4  位置監視器··············································35

3.2? 旋轉······························· 35

3.2.1  角色的方向··············································35

3.2.2  用於旋轉角色的積木·······························36

3.2.3  方向監視器··············································37

3.2.4  動手做一做··············································38

3.3? 碰到邊緣就反彈·····································38

3.4? 變換造型························39

3.4.1  動畫片的原理··········································39

3.4.2  動手做一做··············································40

3.5? 綜合實例：海底世界······························41

3.5.1  任務描述··························41

3.5.2  構思和設計··············································41

3.5.3  編程實現··························42

第4章  外觀：看我變變變································45

4.1? “說”和“思考”··································45

4.1.1  “說”和“思考”積木···························45

4.1.2  動手做一做··············································46

4.2? 改變大小·························47

4.2.1  改變大小的積木······································47

4.2.2  動手做一做··············································48

4.3? 改變背景························50

4.3.1  改變背景的積木······································50

4.3.2  動手做一做··············································50

4.4? 改變外觀特效·········································51

4.5? 角色的顯示和隱藏·································52

4.6? 改變造型························53

4.6.1  切換造型··························53

4.6.2  編輯造型··························54

4.7? 改變圖層························54

4.7.1  圖層的概念··············································54

4.7.2  改變圖層的積木······································55

4.8? 綜合實例：看我變變變·························56

4.8.1  任務描述··························56

4.8.2  構思和設計··············································56

4.8.3  編程實現··························57

第5章  讓程序變得更“聰明”·························59

5.1? 流程圖····························59

5.2? 條件執行積木········································60

5.3? 循環控制積木·········································61

5.4? 克隆積木························62

5.5? 其他控制積木········································63

5.6? 綜合實例：大魚吃小魚·························64

5.6.1  任務描述··························64

5.6.2  構思和設計··············································64

5.6.3  編程實現··························64

第6章  用事件驅動程序執行·····························68

6.1? 事件類積木·············································68

6.2? 動手做一做·············································71

第7章  添加美妙的聲音····································73

7.1? 聲音類積木··············································73

7.2? 添加配音·························73

7.3? 播放聲音·························74

第8章  積木中的“偵察兵”·····························75

8.1? 判斷是否碰到或者是否按下····················75

8.1.1  積木介紹··························75

8.1.2  布爾運算（邏輯運算）···························76

8.1.3  動手做一做··············································77

8.2? 獲取距離以及角色的屬性·······················78

8.2.1  積木介紹··························78

8.2.2  動手做一做··············································79

8.3? 獲取用戶的輸入······································81

第9章  運算類積木····················82

9.1? 運算類積木介紹·····································82

9.2? 動手做一做············································82

第10章  變量和列表·········································86

10.1? 變量和列表介紹····································86

10.2? 變量積木···············································87

10.3? 列表積木···············································87

10.4? 動手做一做···········································88

10.5? 綜合實例：學生身高表的管理·····································89

10.5.1  任務描述························89

10.5.2  構思與設計············································89

10.5.3  編程實現···············································90

第11章  畫筆積木·····················94

11.1? 畫筆積木介紹········································94

11.2? 動手做一做···········································95

第12章  自製積木···················100

12.1? 自製積木介紹·······································100

12.2? 動手做一做··········································102

第二部分  計算思維及項目實例

第13章  計算思維···················110

13.1? 分解·······························110

13.2? 模式識別··············································111

13.3? 抽象化··························112

13.4? 算法開發··············································115

13.5? 計算思維的另一種表述························117

第14章 “打地鼠”游戲···································118

14.1? 任務描述···············································118

14.2? 問題分解··············································119

14.3? 角色設計及列表設置···························120

14.3.1  角色設計與製作··································120

14.3.2  列表和變量··········································121

14.4? 算法設計·············································123

14.5? 編程實現·············································128

第15章  四則運算測驗····································131

15.1? 任務描述···············································131

15.2? 問題分解·············································132

15.3? 角色設計及變量設置···························132

15.3.1  角色設計與製作··································132

15.3.2  變量設置··············································135

15.4? 算法設計·············································135

15.5? 編程實現·············································139

第16章  畫彩虹系列·······································144

16.1? 畫彩虹和彩虹橋·································144

16.1.1  任務描述··············································144

16.1.2  問題分解··············································144

16.1.3  編程實現··············································145

16.2? 畫彩虹圓和彩虹喇叭···························147

16.2.1  任務描述··············································147

16.2.2  問題分解··············································147

16.2.3  編程實現··············································148

第17章  冒泡排序法·······································151

17.1? 冒泡排序法簡介····································151

17.2? 問題分解··············································153

17.3? 算法設計··············································154

17.4? 編程實現··············································155

附錄A  常用的電腦操作和名詞···················156

A.1? 鼠標操作（以右手操作為例）······································156

A.2? 名詞解釋··············································157

A.3? 文件管理和操作···································159

A.3.1  文件資源管理器簡介·····························159

A.3.2  文件資源管理器的使用方法·········································161

附錄B Scratch的所有積木····························163

B.1? 運動類···························164

B.2? 外觀類··························166

B.3? 聲音類··························169

B.4? 事件類··························170

B.5? 控制類···························171

B.6? 偵測類··························173

B.7? 運算類···························175

B.8? 變量類··························176

B.9? 自製積木·······················178

B.10? 畫筆積木（擴展類）···························178

參考文獻···································180