電腦網絡實用教程（微課視頻版）

第 1 章 電腦網絡基礎·····························1
1.1 課程目標 ···································.1
1.2 Cisco Packet Tracer ·······················.2
1.3 電腦網絡概述 ··························.3
1.3.1 電腦網絡的定義··············.3
1.3.2 電腦網絡的組成··············.5
1.3.3 電腦網絡的功能··············.9
1.3.4 電腦網絡的分類············.10
1.3.5 電腦網絡的性能指標······.11
1.3.6 電腦網絡傳輸介質·········.13
1.3.7 數據交換技術··················.13
1.3.8 電腦網絡體系結構·········.14
1.3.9 接入 Internet 方式·············.17
1.3.10 新型網絡技術 ················.19
1.4 實驗 1-1：網線製作 ···················.20
1.4.1 背景知識························.20
1.4.2 實驗目的························.21
1.4.3 實驗步驟························.22
1.5 實驗 1-2：雙機直連 ···················.23
1.5.1 背景知識························.23
1.5.2 實驗目的························.23
1.5.3 實驗步驟························.24
1.6 習題 ·······································.25
第 2 章 組建局域網································.28
2.1 實驗 2-1：共享式以太網 ·············.28
2.1.1 背景知識························.28
2.1.2 實驗目的························.29
2.1.3 實驗步驟························.30
2.1.4 理論知識························.31
2.2 實驗 2-2：交換式以太網 ·············.32
2.2.1 背景知識························.32
2.2.2 實驗目的························.32
2.2.3 實驗步驟························.33
2.2.4 理論知識························.33
2.3 實驗 2-3：通過 Console 口管理二層交換機 ·····························.35
2.3.1 背景知識························.35
2.3.2 實驗目的························.36
2.3.3 實驗步驟························.36
2.4 實驗 2-4：Telnet 遠程登錄與管理二層交換機 ·······················.39
2.4.1 背景知識························.39
2.4.2 實驗目的························.39
2.4.3 實驗步驟························.40
2.5 實驗 2-5：以太網交換機的生成樹協議······························.42
2.5.1 背景知識························.42
2.5.2 實驗目的························.43
2.5.3 實驗步驟························.43
2.6 實驗 2-6：交換機的埠聚合 ·······.45
2.6.1 背景知識························.45
2.6.2 實驗目的························.46
2.6.3 實驗步驟························.46
2.7 實驗 2-7：以太網幀的封裝 ··········.48
2.7.1 背景知識························.48
2.7.2 實驗目的························.48
2.7.3 實驗步驟························.49
2.8 實驗 2-8：交換機埠與 MAC地址綁定·································.51
2.8.1 背景知識························.51
2.8.2 實驗目的························.51
2.8.3 實驗步驟························.51
2.9 習題·······································.53
第 3 章 添加靜態路由·····························.56
3.1 實驗 3-1：路由器的基本配置 ·······.56
3.1.1 背景知識························.56
3.1.2 實驗目的························.57
3.1.3 實驗步驟························.58
3.2 實驗 3-2：配置 PPP····················.60
3.2.1 背景知識························.60
3.2.2 實驗目的························.61
3.2.3 實驗步驟························.61
3.3 實驗 3-3：路由器靜態路由配置 ····.64
3.3.1 背景知識························.64
3.3.2 實驗目的························.65
3.3.3 實驗步驟························.65
3.3.4 理論知識························.69
3.4 習題 ·······································.76
第 4 章 配置動態路由·····························.78
4.1 實驗 4-1：RIP 路由協議配置········.78
4.1.1 背景知識························.78
4.1.2 實驗目的························.79
4.1.3 實驗步驟························.80
4.1.4 理論知識························.83
4.2 實驗 4-2：OSPF 路由協議配置 ·····.85
4.2.1 背景知識························.85
4.2.2 實驗目的························.85
4.2.3 實驗步驟························.85
4.3 實驗 4-3：HSRP 網關熱備份路由協議配置···························.89
4.3.1 背景知識························.89
4.3.2 實驗目的························.90
4.3.3 實驗步驟························.90
4.4 實驗 4-4：外部網關協議（BGP）配置·······································.94
4.4.1 背景知識························.94
4.4.2 實驗目的························.95
4.4.3 實驗步驟························.95
4.5 實驗 4-5：劃分子網 ···················.97
4.5.1 背景知識························.97
4.5.2 實驗目的························.97
4.5.3 實驗步驟························.97
4.6 習題 ······································.104
第 5 章 實現 VLAN 間通信 ······················106
5.1 實驗 5-1：交換機劃分 VLAN配置 ·····································.106
5.1.1 背景知識·······················.106
5.1.2 實驗目的·······················.107
5.1.3 實驗步驟·······················.108
5.1.4 理論知識·······················.109
5.2 實驗 5-2：通過三層交換機實現 VLAN 間路由···················.111
5.2.1 背景知識·······················.111
5.2.2 實驗目的·······················.112
5.2.3 實驗步驟·······················.112
5.3 實驗 5-3：用路由器單臂路由實現 VLAN 間通信·············.114
5.3.1 背景知識·······················.114
5.3.2 實驗目的·······················.114
5.3.3 實驗步驟·······················.114
5.4 實驗 5-4：VTP 的使用···············.116
5.4.1 背景知識·······················.116
5.4.2 實驗目的·······················.117
5.4.3 實驗步驟·······················.117
5.5 實驗 5-5：三層交換機 DHCP服務器的配置··························.121
5.5.1 背景知識·······················.121
5.5.2 實驗目的·······················.121
5.5.3 實驗步驟·······················.121
5.5.4 理論知識·······················.123
5.6 習題······································.124
第 6 章 部署網絡服務器·························.126
6.1 實驗 6-1：部署 DHCP 服務器······.126
6.1.1 背景知識·······················.126
6.1.2 實驗目的·······················.127
6.1.3 實驗步驟·······················.127
6.2 實驗 6-2：部署 DNS 服務器········.131
6.2.1 背景知識·······················.131
6.2.2 實驗目的·······················.131
6.2.3 實驗步驟·······················.132
6.2.4 理論知識·······················.133
6.3 實驗 6-3：部署 WWW 服務器 ·····.134
6.3.1 背景知識·······················.134
6.3.2 實驗目的·······················.135
6.3.3 實驗步驟·······················.135
6.4 實驗 6-4：部署 FTP 服務器·········.137
6.4.1 背景知識·······················.137
6.4.2 實驗目的·······················.137
6.4.3 實驗步驟·······················.137
6.5 實驗 6-5：部署郵件服務器 ·········.139
6.5.1 背景知識·······················.139
6.5.2 實驗目的·······················.139
6.5.3 實驗步驟·······················.140
6.6 實驗 6-6：部署 TFTP 服務器·······.143
6.6.1 背景知識·······················.143
6.6.2 實驗目的·······················.143
6.6.3 實驗步驟·······················.143
6.7 實驗 6-7：簡單網絡管理協議 ······.145
6.7.1 背景知識·······················.145
6.7.2 實驗目的·······················.146
6.7.3 實驗步驟·······················.146
6.8 習題 ······································.151
第 7 章 網絡地址轉換·····························152
7.1 實驗 7-1：靜態 NAT ··················.152
7.1.1 背景知識·······················.152
7.1.2 實驗目的·······················.153
7.1.3 實驗步驟·······················.153
7.2 實驗 7-2：NAPT ······················.155
7.2.1 背景知識·······················.155
7.2.2 實驗目的·······················.156
7.2.3 實驗步驟·······················.156
7.2.4 理論知識·······················.158
7.3 實驗 7-3：外網訪問內網服務器 ···.160
7.3.1 背景知識·······················.160
7.3.2 實驗目的·······················.160
7.3.3 實驗步驟·······················.160
7.4 習題 ······································.163
第 8 章 協議分析···································164
8.1 實驗 8-1：分析 ARP 數據包········.164
8.1.1 背景知識·······················.164
8.1.2 實驗目的·······················.165
8.1.3 實驗步驟·······················.165
8.1.4 理論知識·······················.168
8.2 實驗 8-2：分析 ICMP 報文 ·········.169
8.2.1 背景知識·······················.169
8.2.2 實驗目的·······················.170
8.2.3 實驗步驟·······················.170
8.2.4 理論知識·······················.173
8.3 實驗 8-3：分析 RIP 報文 ············.174
8.3.1 背景知識·······················.174
8.3.2 實驗目的·······················.174
8.3.3 實驗步驟·······················.175
8.3.4 理論知識·······················.181
8.4 實驗 8-4：分析 TCP 連接建立過程 ·······························.181
8.4.1 背景知識·······················.181
8.4.2 實驗目的·······················.182
8.4.3 實驗步驟·······················.182
8.4.4 理論知識·······················.184
8.5 實驗 8-5：分析 UDP 數據報········.186
8.5.1 背景知識·······················.186
8.5.2 實驗目的·······················.187
8.5.3 實驗步驟·······················.187
8.5.4 理論知識·······················.190
8.6 實驗 8-6：分析 HTTP 數據包 ······.191
8.6.1 背景知識·······················.191
8.6.2 實驗目的·······················.192
8.6.3 實驗步驟·······················.192
8.7 實驗 8-7：分析 HTTPS 數據包·····.195
8.7.1 背景知識·······················.195
8.7.2 實驗目的·······················.195
8.7.3 實驗步驟·······················.196
8.8 實驗 8-8：分析 FTP 數據包·········.197
8.8.1 背景知識·······················.197
8.8.2 實驗目的·······················.197
8.8.3 實驗步驟·······················.198
8.9 習題······································.200
第 9 章 無線局域網搭建·························.202
9.1 實驗 9-1：採用胖 AP 的無線局域網搭建·····························.202
9.1.1 背景知識·······················.202
9.1.2 實驗目的·······················.203
9.1.3 實驗步驟·······················.204
9.2 實驗 9-2：採用瘦 AP 的無線局域網搭建·····························.210
9.2.1 背景知識·······················.210
9.2.2 實驗目的·······················.211
9.2.3 實驗步驟·······················.211
9.3 Wi-Fi 無線局域網的原理 ············.216
9.4 習題 ······································.217
第 10 章 接入廣域網······························218
10.1 實驗 10-1：家庭網接入廣域網 ···.218
10.1.1 背景知識 ·····················.218
10.1.2 實驗目的 ·····················.219
10.1.3 實驗步驟 ·····················.219
10.2 實驗 10-2：企業網接入廣域網 ···.229
10.2.1 背景知識 ·····················.229
10.2.2 實驗目的 ·····················.230
10.2.3 實驗步驟 ·····················.230
10.3 構建類似因特網的多場景復雜網絡 ······························.254
10.4 習題 ····································.254
參考文獻··············································.255