電力電子技術

緒論 ·········································································································································.1
0.1 電力電子技術的定義·······································································································.1
0.2 電力電子技術與其他學科的關系························································································.2
0.2.1 電力電子技術的學科地位 ·······················································································.2
0.2.2 電力電子技術和控制理論 ·······················································································.3
0.3 電力電子技術的發展史····································································································.4
0.3.1 產生階段 ············································································································.4
0.3.2 發展階段 ············································································································.5
0.3.3 復合型器件的研發 ································································································.5
0.4 電力電子技術的應用·······································································································.6
0.5 本書主要內容及特點·······································································································15
第 1 章 電力電子器件 ·················································································································17
1.1 電力電子器件概述··········································································································17
1.1.1 電力電子器件的概念和特徵 ····················································································17
1.1.2 應用電力電子器件的系統組成 ·················································································18
1.1.3 電力電子器件的分類 ·····························································································19
1.2 電力二極管···················································································································20
1.2.1 PN 結工作原理·····································································································20
1.2.2 電力二極管的基本特性 ··························································································24
1.2.3 電力二極管的主要參數 ··························································································25
1.2.4 電力二極管的選型 ································································································26
1.2.5 電力二極管的主要類型 ··························································································26
1.3 晶閘管及派生器件··········································································································28
1.3.1 晶閘管的結構、電氣符號 ·······················································································28
1.3.2 晶閘管的工作原理 ································································································29
1.3.3 晶閘管的基本特性 ································································································30
1.3.4 晶閘管的主要參數 ································································································32
1.3.5 普通晶閘管的型號和選擇原則 ·················································································37
1.3.6 晶閘管的其他派生器件 ··························································································38
1.4 門極可關斷晶閘管··········································································································40
1.4.1 GTO 的結構和工作原理 ·························································································40
1.4.2 GTO 的基本特性 ··································································································41
1.4.3 GTO 的主要參數 ··································································································42
1.5 電力晶體管···················································································································43
1.5.1 GTR 的結構、電氣符號和工作原理 ··········································································43
1.5.2 GTR 的基本特性 ··································································································44
1.5.3 GTR 的主要參數 ··································································································45
1.5.4 GTR 的二次擊穿現象與安全工作區 ··········································································45
1.5.5 GTR 的類型 ········································································································46
1.6 電力場效應晶體管 ·········································································································47
1.6.1 電力 MOSFET 的結構、電氣符號和工作原理······························································47
1.6.2 電力 MOSFET 的基本特性······················································································49
1.6.3 電力 MOSFET 的主要參數······················································································51
1.7 絕緣柵雙極晶體管（IGBT） ····························································································52
1.7.1 IGBT 的結構、電氣符號和工作原理 ·········································································53
1.7.2 IGBT 的基本特性 ·································································································54
1.7.3 IGBT 的主要參數 ·································································································55
1.7.4 IGBT 的擎住效應和安全工作區 ···············································································56
1.8 其他新型電力電子器件 ···································································································57
1.8.1 MOS 控制晶閘管··································································································57
1.8.2 集成門極換流晶閘管 ·····························································································57
1.8.3 功率模塊與功率集成電路 ·······················································································57
1.8.4 靜電感應晶體管 ···································································································58
1.8.5 靜電感應晶閘管 ···································································································58
1.8.6 基於寬禁帶半導體材料的電力電子器件 ·····································································59
1.9 電力電子器件的驅動電路 ································································································59
1.9.1 電力電子器件的驅動電路概述 ·················································································59
1.9.2 晶閘管的門極驅動（觸發）電路 ··············································································60
1.9.3 電流驅動型的全控型電力電子器件的驅動電路 ····························································62
1.9.4 電壓驅動型的全控型電力電子器件的驅動電路 ····························································65
1.10 電力電子器件的緩沖電路·······························································································68
1.10.1 緩沖電路的作用··································································································68
1.10.2 緩沖電路的類型··································································································69
1.10.3 緩沖電路元件的選擇····························································································71
1.11 電力電子器件的保護·····································································································71
1.11.1 電力電子裝置中的過電壓及過電流保護····································································71
1.11.2 晶閘管的過電壓及過流保護···················································································73
1.11.3 全控型器件的過電壓及過電流保護··········································································77
1.12 電力電子器件的串聯與並聯技術······················································································79
1.12.1 晶閘管的串/並聯·································································································79
1.12.2 電力 MOSFET 的串/並聯 ······················································································82
1.12.3 IGBT 的串/並聯··································································································82
本章小結 ····························································································································84
習題及思考題 ······················································································································85
第 2 章 整流電路 ·······················································································································87
2.1 相控整流電路概述 ·········································································································87
2.1.1 整流電路的分類 ···································································································87
2.1.2 相控整流電路的結構 ·····························································································87
2.1.3 整流電路的基本要求 ·····························································································88
2.2 單相相控整流電路··········································································································88
2.2.1 單相半波可控整流電路 ··························································································88
2.2.2 單相全波可控整流電路 ··························································································95
2.2.3 單相橋式全控整流電路 ·······················································································.101
2.2.4 單相橋式半控整流電路 ·······················································································.108
2.3 三相相控整流電路·······································································································.113
2.3.1 三相半波可控整流電路 ·······················································································.113
2.3.2 三相橋式全控整流電路 ·······················································································.118
2.4 變壓器漏感對整流電路的影響························································································.125
2.5 整流電路的諧波和功率因數···························································································.129
2.5.1 諧波和無功功率分析基礎 ····················································································.129
2.5.2 交流側諧波和功率因數分析 ·················································································.131
2.5.3 直流側輸出電壓和電流的諧波分析 ········································································.133
2.6 其他形式的大功率相控整流電路·····················································································.134
2.6.1 帶平衡電抗器的雙反星形可控整流電路 ··································································.134
2.6.2 多重化整流電路 ································································································.138
2.7 有源逆變電路·············································································································.144
2.7.1 逆變的概念 ······································································································.144
2.7.2 單相有源逆變電路工作原理 ·················································································.145
2.7.3 三相有源逆變電路工作原理 ·················································································.148
2.7.4 逆變失敗與最小逆變角的限制 ··············································································.151
2.8 晶閘管相控電路的驅動控制···························································································.152
2.8.1 同步信號為鋸齒波的觸發電路 ··············································································.152
2.8.2 集成觸發器 ······································································································.156
2.8.3 觸發電路的定相 ································································································.158
本章小結 ·························································································································.159
習題及思考題 ···················································································································.160
第 3 章 無源逆變電路 ··············································································································.163
3.1 換流方式···················································································································.164
3.1.1 逆變電路的基本工作原理 ····················································································.164
3.1.2 換流方式分類 ···································································································.164
3.2 電壓型逆變電路··········································································································.166
3.2.1 單相電壓型逆變電路 ··························································································.166
3.2.2 三相電壓型逆變電路 ··························································································.170
3.3 電流型逆變電路··········································································································.177
3.3.1 單相電流型逆變電路 ··························································································.178
3.3.2 三相電流型逆變電路 ··························································································.179
3.4 多重逆變電路和多電平逆變電路·····················································································.185
3.4.1 多重逆變電路 ···································································································.185
3.4.2 多電平逆變電路 ································································································.188
3.5 逆變電路的 PWM 控制技術···························································································.193
3.5.1 PWM 控制的基本原理 ························································································.193
3.5.2 單極性 PWM 控制方式 ·······················································································.194
3.5.3 雙極性 PWM 控制方式 ·······················································································.195
3.5.4 三相橋式逆變電路的 PWM 控制 ···········································································.195
3.5.5 SPWM 逆變電路的同步調制和異步調制 ·································································.196
3.5.6 SPWM 的實現方法 ····························································································.197
3.5.7 PWM 逆變電路的諧波分析 ··················································································.199
3.5.8 提高直流電壓利用率和減少開關次數 ·····································································.199
3.5.9 空間矢量 SVPWM 控制·······················································································.200
3.6 PWM 跟蹤控制技術 ····································································································.200
3.6.1 滯環比較方式 ···································································································.201
3.6.2 三角波比較方式 ································································································.201
3.7 電壓空間相量 SVPWM 的工作原理·················································································.202
本章小結 ·························································································································.206
習題及思考題 ···················································································································.207
第 4 章 直流-直流變換電路·······································································································.209
4.1 非隔離的直流-直流變換電路（基本斬波電路）·································································.209
4.1.1 直流斬波電路分析基礎知識 ·················································································.209
4.1.2 降壓斬波電路（Buck 變換器）·············································································.210
4.1.3 升壓斬波電路（Boost 變換器） ············································································.218
4.1.4 升降壓斬波電路和 Cuk 斬波電路···········································································.222
4.1.5 Sepic 斬波電路和 ZeTa 斬波電路···········································································.226
4.2 復合斬波電路和多相多重斬波電路 ·················································································.229
4.2.1 電流可逆二象限直流斬波電路 ··············································································.229
4.2.2 電壓可逆二象限直流斬波電路 ··············································································.231
4.2.3 橋式可逆（電壓電流可逆四象限）直流斬波電路 ······················································.231
4.2.4 多相多重斬波電路 ·····························································································.234
4.3 隔離型直流變換電路 ···································································································.235
4.3.1 正激電路 ·········································································································.235
4.3.2 反激電路 ·········································································································.237
4.3.3 半橋變換電路 ···································································································.241
4.3.4 全橋變換電路 ···································································································.242
4.3.5 推輓電路 ·········································································································.244
4.3.6 不同隔離型電路的比較 ·······················································································.246
本章小結 ·························································································································.246
習題及思考題 ···················································································································.247
第 5 章 交流-交流變換電路·······································································································.249
5.1 交流調壓電路 ············································································································.249
5.1.1 相控式單相交流調壓電路 ····················································································.250
5.1.2 斬控式單相交流調壓電路 ····················································································.257
5.1.3 三相交流調壓電路 ·····························································································.259
5.2 其他交流電力控制電路 ································································································.263
5.2.1 交流調功電路 ···································································································.263
5.2.2 交流電力電子開關 ·····························································································.264
5.2.3 晶閘管交流開關應用舉例 ····················································································.265
5.3 交交變頻電路·············································································································.267
5.3.1 單相交交變頻電路 ·····························································································.267
5.3.2 三相交交變頻電路 ·····························································································.272
5.3.3 交交變頻電路總結 ·····························································································.275
5.4 矩陣變換器················································································································.275
本章小結 ·························································································································.278
習題及思考題 ···················································································································.278
第 6 章 軟開關技術基礎 ···········································································································.280
6.1 軟開關的基本概念·······································································································.280
6.1.1 硬開關與軟開關 ································································································.280
6.1.2 零電壓開關和零電流開關 ····················································································.281
6.1.3 軟開關電路的分類 ·····························································································.282
6.2 典型的軟開關電路·······································································································.285
6.2.1 零電壓開關準諧振電路 ·······················································································.285
6.2.2 移相全橋型零電壓開關 PWM 電路·········································································.286
6.2.3 零電壓轉換 PWM 電路························································································.288
6.2.4 諧振直流環 ······································································································.291
本章小結 ·························································································································.292
習題及思考題 ···················································································································.292
第 7 章 電力電子技術的應用 ·····································································································.293
7.1 電力電子技術在一般工業生產中的應用············································································.293
7.1.1 直流調速系統 ···································································································.293
7.1.2 交流調速系統 ···································································································.298
7.1.3 中頻感應加熱電源 ·····························································································.303
7.2 電力電子技術在電力系統中的應用··················································································.305
7.2.1 高壓直流輸電 ···································································································.305
7.2.2 靜止無功補償 ···································································································.307
7.3 電力電子技術在交通運輸中的應用··················································································.310
7.3.1 電力機車牽引 ···································································································.310
7.3.2 電動汽車驅動與充電 ··························································································.311
7.4 電力電子技術在新能源發電中的應用···············································································.313
7.4.1 光伏發電 ·········································································································.313
7.4.2 風力發電 ·········································································································.315
7.5 電力電子技術在信息技術領域的應用···············································································.317
7.5.1 電能無線傳輸 ···································································································.317
7.5.2 數據中心供電系統 ·····························································································.319
7.5.3 不間斷供電電源 ································································································.321
7.6 電力電子技術在電子電氣產品中的應用············································································.322
7.6.1 LED 照明·········································································································.322
7.6.2 電源適配器 ······································································································.322
7.6.3 焊機電源 ·········································································································.323
習題及思考題 ···················································································································.324
習題及參考答案 ·······················································································································.325
參考文獻 ································································································································.326