建築智能測繪技術

目錄
模塊一　建築工程測量 ·····················································································1
項目1　高程測量技術···································································································3
1.1　水準測量原理 ········································································································4
1.2　高程測量方法 ········································································································6
1.2.1　高差法 ········································································································6
1.2.2　儀高法 ········································································································6
1.3　水準測量儀器 ········································································································6
1.3.1　水準儀 ········································································································6
1.3.2　水準尺和尺墊 ·······························································································8
1.4　水準測量實操 ·····································································································.10
1.4.1　儀器操作與讀數 ·························································································.10
1.4.2　實訓任務 ··································································································.12
1.5　二等水準測量 ·····································································································.13
1.5.1　水準測量路線 ····························································································.13
1.5.2　測量技術要求 ····························································································.13
1.5.3　制訂測量方案 ····························································································.14
1.6　二等水準路線實訓任務 ·························································································.15
1.6.1　測量任務 ··································································································.15
1.6.2　實訓指導 ··································································································.15
1.6.3　實訓成果 ··································································································.16
1.6.4　評價標準與要求 ·························································································.17
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.18
課後思考與練習 ·········································································································.19
項目2　角度測量技術································································································.21
2.1　水平角測量原理 ··································································································.22
2.2　全站儀測水平角的操作流程 ···················································································.22
2.2.1　測回法 ·····································································································.23
2.2.2 全圓法 ·····································································································.24
2.2.3　水平測角實訓任務 ······················································································.25
2.3　全站儀測豎直角的原理 ·························································································.26
2.4　控制測量知識 ·····································································································.27
2.4.1　平面控制測量 ····························································································.27
2.4.2　高程控制測量 ····························································································.28
2.5　一級導線測量 ·····································································································.28
2.5.1　一級導線測量知識 ······················································································.28
2.5.2　導線測量坐標反算 ······················································································.29
2.5.3　導線測量坐標正算 ······················································································.31
2.5.4　導線測量內業計算 ······················································································.32
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.34
課後思考與練習 ·········································································································.34
模塊二　建築數字測繪技術 ············································································.37
項目3　數字測圖基礎································································································.39
3.1　數字地圖與數字測圖 ····························································································.40
3.1.1　數字地圖的概念 ·························································································.40
3.1.2　數字地圖的優點 ·························································································.41
3.1.3　數字測圖的概念 ·························································································.42
3.1.4　數字測圖工作特點 ······················································································.42
3.1.5　數字測圖技術的發展與展望 ··········································································.44
3.2　數字測圖基本原理 ·······························································································.46
3.2.1　數字測圖的基本思想 ···················································································.46
3.2.2　數字測圖的基本過程 ···················································································.47
3.2.3　數字測圖的作業模式 ···················································································.49
3.2.4　數字測圖系統 ····························································································.51
3.3　瞭解GNSS 的應用 ·······························································································.53
3.3.1　GNSS-RTK 測量原理 ···················································································.53
3.3.2　GNSS-RTK 系統組成 ···················································································.54
3.3.3　南方創享測量系統GNSS-RTK 使用 ································································.55
3.3.4　網絡RTK 系統 ···························································································.62
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.66
課後思考與練習 ·········································································································.67
項目4　數字測繪外業數據與內業數據處理································································.69
4.1　數字測繪外業數據 ·······························································································.70
4.1.1　測圖前的準備工作 ······················································································.70
4.1.2　大比例尺數字測圖技術設計 ··········································································.71
4.2　圖根控制測量 ·····································································································.74
4.2.1　圖根點布設 ·······························································································.74
4.2.2　全站儀圖根控制測量 ···················································································.75
4.2.3　RTK 圖根控制測量 ······················································································.76
4.2.4　圖根高程控制測量 ······················································································.76
4.2.5　增補測站點 ·······························································································.76
4.3　數字測繪內業數據處理 ·························································································.77
4.3.1　內業成圖的基本過程 ···················································································.77
4.3.2　數據傳輸 ··································································································.78
4.3.3　數據處理 ··································································································.83
4.3.4　等高線的繪制與編輯 ···················································································.85
4.3.5　數字地面模型的建立 ···················································································.85
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.89
課後思考與練習 ·········································································································.90
模塊三　無人機及激光掃描智能測繪 ···························································.91
項目5　無人機智能測繪原理及過程···········································································.93
5.1　無人機航空攝影測量概述 ······················································································.94
5.1.1　無人機航測的優勢 ······················································································.96
5.1.2　無人機航測註意事項 ···················································································.96
5.1.3　無人機航測具體用途 ···················································································.97
5.1.4　行業背景及發展 ·························································································.98
5.2　無人機航測系統構成 ····························································································.99
5.2.1　多旋翼無人機硬件系統構成 ··········································································.99
5.2.2　無人機傳感系統 ·························································································101
5.2.3　地面站系統 ·······························································································103
5.2.4　航測成果類型 ····························································································103
5.3　無人機航攝作業流程 ····························································································106
5.3.1　踏勘 ········································································································106
5.3.2　像控點布設及測量 ······················································································108
5.3.3　無人機航飛 ······························································································.110
5.3.4　數據整理 ·································································································.110
5.4　南方地理信息數據成圖軟件SouthMap ·····································································.110
5.4.1　SouthMap 特性 ··························································································.110
5.4.2　SouthMap 工作流程 ····················································································.117
思政鏈接 ·················································································································.118
課後思考與練習 ········································································································.119
項目6　三維激光掃描技術·························································································121
6.1　激光雷達發展歷史及其應用概述 ·············································································122
6.1.1　激光雷達技術的發展 ···················································································123
6.1.2　激光雷達技術的應用 ···················································································123
6.1.3　激光雷達的優點和缺點 ················································································128
6.2　激光掃描成果類型 ·······························································································129
6.2.1　激光點雲 ··································································································129
6.2.2　數碼影像 ··································································································131
6.2.3　建築物平、立、剖面圖 ················································································132
6.2.4　建築物三維模型 ·························································································134
6.2.5　數字模型 ··································································································134
6.3　南方測繪激光掃描產品 ·························································································135
6.3.1　SPL-1500 三維激光掃描儀設備組成 ································································135
6.3.2　SPL-1500 三維激光掃描儀作業流程 ································································136
6.4　三維激光掃描數據採集 ·························································································139
思政鏈接 ··················································································································143
課後思考與練習 ·········································································································144
參考文獻 ··································································································.145