Digital Twins: Advancements in Theory, Implementation, and Applications
暫譯: 數位雙胞胎：理論、實作與應用的進展

數位雙胞胎技術正在快速發展，並在製造、能源、醫療保健和交通等各個領域中獲得了廣泛的關注。數位雙胞胎是物理系統或過程的虛擬表示，能夠實現實時監控、分析和優化。

本書將提供對數位雙胞胎技術、其進展和應用的全面理解。對於對工程、計算機科學、數據分析和工業4.0等領域感興趣的研究人員、學者、實務工作者和學生來說，這本書將非常有用。

Prof. (Dr.) Sunil Gupta is a known academician and researcher with more than 20 years of rich experience in teaching, research, and industry related to Computer Science and Engineering. An alumnus of the prestigious National Institutes of Technology, Jalandhar, and NIT Hamirpur, Dr. Gupta has built a stellar career that seamlessly blends academia with industry insights.

He has served at other prestigious institutions, including UPES University, BML Munjal University, Delhi Technical Campus, IP University, Northern India Engineering College, Baddi University of Emerging Science, and IFTM University and Physical Laboratory. Curriculum development was the hallmark of his academic journey; he had a lead role in designing innovative programs related to cutting-edge technological domains, especially at UPES and BMU.

His areas of research interest include Cyber Security, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Wireless Sensor Networks, and Healthcare. He has more than 100 research papers in reputed journals and conferences to his credit, and ten patents. He has authored Six textbooks on Cyber Security and Artificial Intelligence. He has received research support from various government and private organizations. In recognition of his expertise, Dr. Gupta has been a reviewer for several international journals. . He also serves on the Scientific Committee and Editorial Review Board on Engineering and Physical Sciences

A dedicated teacher, Dr. Gupta has guided many students in their research and project work. He has conducted various workshops, conferences, and Faculty Development Programs. He is regularly invited by private and government organizations as a technical expert. He has served on various expert panels, including the faculty recruitment and institutional assessment expert panels.

Dr. S. Ravi Shankar is a technocrat with over 30 years of experience (post Ph.D.) in designing, developing, and operating large-scale and complex products, and managing businesses that leverage technologies such as IoT, distributed systems, Artificial Intelligence, and autonomous vehicles such as drones, for operational efficiencies and resilience, resulting in both top and bottom-line growth.

I have extensive experience in leading product development and management teams across 4 continents, multiple markets, and sectors (telecom, transportation, healthcare, and fintech).

I bring to the table pragmatic insights gained from my experience in leadership positions. I have managed revenue streams in excess of USD 100 Million and created award-winning products (e.g., TMC Magazine's Internet Telephony Product of the Year in 2002). I have founded four, and advised/mentored over 30 start-ups.

I am the inventor of PoMA (Proof-of-Match Adaptive), a fast, fair, and quantum-resistant leader-election mechanism for high-speed blockchains. I am also the inventor of a trust model that works with PoMA to realize a high-speed consensus mechanism that is Byzantine Fault-tolerant and has an extremely low executable footprint. I have several patents in various stages of processing. I have included below the links to two recent patent filings.

Dr. Sanjeev Kumar with a strong educational background and a passion for learning, brought wealth of knowledge and expertise. He is Ph.D. from School of Computer & System Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, titled "Stochastic Modelling and Monte Carlo Simulation of Spiking Patterns in an Ensemble of Neurons". M.Tech. and B.E from Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), AGRA. Prof. Sanjeev is experienced in higher education for over twenty-three years, a capable team manager, researcher, and administrator. He has made significant contributions to research and development activities at both the departmental and institutional levels. He is enthusiastic about promoting a culture of research and innovation by establishing a centre of excellence, guiding faculty members through the process of writing research papers and patent applications, and acting as a reviewer for SCI journals and editor of research book publications.

孫尼爾·古普塔教授（Dr. Sunil Gupta）是一位知名的學者和研究者，擁有超過20年的豐富經驗，專注於計算機科學與工程的教學、研究及產業。古普塔博士是著名的國立技術學院（National Institutes of Technology）賈蘭達爾（Jalandhar）和哈米爾普爾（NIT Hamirpur）的校友，他的職業生涯卓越，無縫地將學術界與產業見解結合在一起。

他曾在其他知名機構任職，包括UPES大學、BML穆賈爾大學、德里技術校區、IP大學、北印度工程學院、巴迪新興科學大學（Baddi University of Emerging Science）及IFT大學和物理實驗室。課程開發是他學術旅程的標誌；他在設計與尖端技術領域相關的創新課程方面擔任了重要角色，特別是在UPES和BMU。

他的研究興趣包括網路安全（Cyber Security）、雲計算（Cloud Computing）、大數據（Big Data）、無線感測器網路（Wireless Sensor Networks）和醫療保健（Healthcare）。他在知名期刊和會議上發表了超過100篇研究論文，並擁有十項專利。他撰寫了六本有關網路安全和人工智慧的教科書。他獲得了來自各種政府和私人機構的研究支持。因其專業知識，古普塔博士曾擔任多個國際期刊的審稿人。他還在工程和物理科學的科學委員會及編輯審查委員會中任職。

作為一位敬業的教師，古普塔博士指導了許多學生的研究和專案工作。他舉辦了各種研討會、會議和教師發展計畫。他經常受邀擔任私人和政府機構的技術專家。他曾在多個專家小組中任職，包括教職人員招聘和機構評估專家小組。

拉維·香卡爾博士（Dr. S. Ravi Shankar）是一位技術專家，擁有超過30年的經驗（博士後），專注於設計、開發和運營大規模及複雜產品，並管理利用物聯網（IoT）、分散式系統、人工智慧及無人駕駛車輛（如無人機）等技術的業務，以提高運營效率和韌性，實現營收和利潤的增長。

我在四大洲、多個市場和行業（電信、交通、醫療保健和金融科技）領導產品開發和管理團隊方面擁有豐富的經驗。

我帶來了從領導職位中獲得的務實見解。我管理的收入流超過1億美元，並創造了多個獲獎產品（例如，2002年TMC雜誌的年度網路電話產品）。我創立了四家公司，並為超過30家初創公司提供建議和指導。

我是PoMA（Proof-of-Match Adaptive）的發明者，這是一種快速、公平且抗量子攻擊的高效能區塊鏈領導選舉機制。我還發明了一種與PoMA協作的信任模型，以實現一種高效能的共識機制，具備拜占庭容錯性且執行足跡極低。我擁有多項專利，目前處於不同的處理階段。以下是兩項最近專利申請的連結。

桑吉夫·庫馬爾博士（Dr. Sanjeev Kumar）擁有堅實的教育背景和對學習的熱情，帶來了豐富的知識和專業技能。他在新德里的賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯大學（Jawaharlal Nehru University）計算機與系統科學學院獲得博士學位，論文題目為「神經元集群中尖峰模式的隨機建模與蒙地卡羅模擬」。他在阿格拉的戴亞爾巴赫教育學院（Dayalbagh Educational Institute，認可大學）獲得碩士和學士學位。桑吉夫教授在高等教育領域擁有超過二十三年的經驗，是一位能幹的團隊經理、研究者和管理者。他在部門和機構層面對研究和開發活動做出了重要貢獻。他熱衷於通過建立卓越中心來促進研究和創新的文化，指導教職員撰寫研究論文和專利申請，並擔任SCI期刊的審稿人及研究書籍出版的編輯。