Understanding Past Earthquakes
暫譯: 理解過去的地震

這本開放存取的書籍介紹了過去地震特徵研究的最新進展。它概述了當前的發展、應用案例和實際考量，旨在向讀者介紹最近開發的方法論，以及其不確定性的來源、推導和處理方式。地震學、地層學、地貌學和大地測量等不同領域都被應用於理解過去地震的共同目標，在這個領域中，每個領域在2010年代都經歷了顯著的進展。內容涵蓋了當前的遙感地貌學、法醫前儀器地震學、歷史宏觀地震學和古地測量學等方法，其中一些方法已經被結合使用，以推導出過去地震事件的整體圖像。這本書將2020年代用於調查過去地震事件的各種工具的解釋彙編在一起，以擴展我們的地震記錄。

Dr. Austin Elliott is an earthquake geologist using observations of past and contemporary earthquakes to understand coseismic rupture processes and the behavior of faults and fault systems through the earthquake cycle. His research employs techniques from the domains of terrestrial paleoseismology and tectonic geomorphology as well as geodetic imaging of deformation from earthquakes and fault motion. Austin also has used historical seismology and eyewitness reporting of earthquake phenomena to refine the magnitudes and locations of past earthquakes. The inspiration for this book arose from the recognition of overlap and complementarity of these techniques and the need for practitioners including himself to be well versed in the plethora of ways that source parameters of past earthquakes can be determined, estimated, or constrained.

Dr. Christoph Grützner uses mainly paleoseismology and tectonic geomorphology to investigate active faults. He has worked in extensional settings, for example in Germany, Greece, and Peru, and in regions with predominantly reverse and strike-slip fault motion such as Central Asia and the European Alps. For many years, his main interest was on rather slowly slipping faults in the interior of the continents. From these studies Christoph realized that low slip rates and long earthquake recurrence intervals set limits to what can be achieved with classical paleoseismology. Complementary techniques are needed to gather a complete picture of the active tectonics of such regions. This was the motivation for this book.

奧斯丁·艾略特博士是一位地震地質學家，他利用過去和當代地震的觀察來理解同震破裂過程以及斷層和斷層系統在地震週期中的行為。他的研究採用了來自陸地古地震學和構造地貌學的技術，以及地震和斷層運動造成的變形的測地成像。奧斯丁還利用歷史地震學和目擊者對地震現象的報告來細化過去地震的震中位置和震級。本書的靈感源於對這些技術之間重疊和互補性的認識，以及包括他自己在內的從業者需要熟悉多種方法來確定、估算或約束過去地震的源參數的需求。

克里斯托夫·格魯茨納博士主要使用古地震學和構造地貌學來研究活躍的斷層。他曾在擴張環境中工作，例如德國、希臘和秘魯，以及在以逆斷層和走滑斷層運動為主的地區，如中亞和歐洲阿爾卑斯山。多年來，他的主要興趣集中在大陸內部的緩慢滑動斷層上。通過這些研究，克里斯托夫意識到低滑動速率和長地震重現間隔對於傳統古地震學的成就設置了限制。需要互補的技術來獲取這些地區活躍構造的完整圖景。這是本書的動機。