A Raphael Madonna and Child Oil Painting: A Forensic Analytical Evaluation

本書提供了一項全面的法醫分析，針對一幅描繪聖母與嬰兒的圓形油畫，該畫作先前被認為是維多利亞時期的複製品。詳細的歷史和科學研究確認，這幅畫實際上是拉斐爾於1512年創作的，作為他著名的《西斯廷聖母》的研究作品，該作品是由教皇尤利烏斯二世委託，作為皮亞琴察聖西斯托修道院教堂的祭壇畫。

這幅畫經過嚴格的法醫檢驗，結合了歷史研究以及侵入性和非侵入性的科學成像技術。分析使用了先進的物理和化學儀器，以確定畫作的真實性和準確的年代定位。

本書還包括對來自全球各大收藏中拉斐爾作品所使用的顏料、染料和基材的已發表化學分析的比較回顧。此外，本研究探討了人工智慧（AI）在圓形畫作中的人物、《西斯廷聖母》及其他拉斐爾藝術作品之間進行面部比較的創新應用。這些AI生成的見解提供了有關拉斐爾模特兒身份的新資訊，並揭示了他的工作技術以及其合作者的技術。

Howell Edwards, born in Skewen, Neath, South Wales, is Professor Emeritus of Molecular Spectroscopy at the University of Bradford. He read Chemistry at Jesus College in the University of Oxford and after completing his B.A. and B.Sc. degrees he studied for his doctorate in Raman spectroscopy at Oxford with Dr Leonard Woodward and then became a Research Fellow at Jesus College, University of Cambridge. He joined the University of Bradford as a Lecturer in Structural and Inorganic Chemistry, becoming Head of the Department of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, and was awarded a Personal Chair in Molecular Spectroscopy in 1996. He has received several international awards (Sir Harold Thompson Award; Charles Mann Award; Emanuel Boricky Medal; Norman Sheppard Award) in a spectroscopic career which has resulted in the publication of almost 1400 research papers and articles in Raman spectroscopy and the characterisation of materials, along with six books on the application of this analytical technique to art, archaeology and forensic science. He has had a lifelong interest in the porcelains of William Billingsley, especially those from the Derby, Nantgarw and Swansea factories. He has authored seven major books on Nantgarw and Swansea Porcelains: Swansea and Nantgarw Porcelains: A Scientific Reappraisal, Nantgarw and Swansea Porcelains: An Analytical Perspective, Porcelain to Silica Bricks: The Extreme Ceramics of William Weston Young, 1776-1847, 18th and 19th Century Porcelain Analysis: A Forensic Provenancing Assessment, Porcelain Analysis and Its Role in the Forensic Provenancing of Ceramic Specimens, Welsh Armorial Porcelains: Nantgarw and Swansea Crested China and The Farnley Hall Service: A Unique Survivor in Nantgarw Porcelain, all published by Springer-Nature Publishing, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. He has also produced several monographs on these manufactories and people associated with them: William Billingsley- The Enigmatic Porcelain Artist, Decorator and Manufacturer; Nantgarw Porcelain - The Pursuit of Perfection; Swansea Porcelain - the Duck-Egg Translucent Vision of Lewis Dillwyn and Derby Porcelain: The Golden Years,1780-1830. He has also published in 2022 a book entitled Raman Spectroscopy in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage (with Philippe Colomban and Peter Vandenabeele), for which porcelain artefacts feature as artworks and a vital part of a nation's cultural heritage, as does the industrial archaeology, excavation and the preservation of early porcelain manufactory sites, many of which have now sadly disappeared in urban expansion. His latest book on a prestigious Derby porcelain service is The Pendock-Barry Service: A Forensic Reappraisal (with Rachel Denyer and Morgan Denyer). He is currently preparing three books on Blue by Fire: Pigments in Glass, Enamels and on Ceramics from Antiquity to the 21st Century (with Philippe Colomban and William Jay), Coade Stone: A History and Analysis (with Christopher Brooke) and Armorial Porcelain: The Genesis (with Rachel Denyer and Morgan Denyer) which will be published in 2023/4. Howell Edwards is Honorary Scientific Adviser to the de Brecy Trust on the scientific evaluation of their artworks and paintings.

霍威爾·愛德華茲（Howell Edwards）出生於南威爾斯的斯基尤恩（Skewen, Neath），是布拉德福德大學（University of Bradford）分子光譜學的名譽教授。他在牛津大學（University of Oxford）的耶穌學院（Jesus College）學習化學，並在完成文學士（B.A.）和理學士（B.Sc.）學位後，與倫納德·伍德沃德博士（Dr Leonard Woodward）一起在牛津攻讀拉曼光譜學博士學位，隨後成為劍橋大學（University of Cambridge）耶穌學院的研究員。他以結構和無機化學講師的身份加入布拉德福德大學，並成為化學與法醫科學系的系主任，於1996年獲得分子光譜學的個人講座教授職位。他在光譜學領域獲得了多項國際獎項（包括哈羅德·湯普森獎（Sir Harold Thompson Award）、查爾斯·曼獎（Charles Mann Award）、伊曼紐爾·博里基獎（Emanuel Boricky Medal）、諾曼·謝潑德獎（Norman Sheppard Award）），並發表了近1400篇有關拉曼光譜學和材料特徵化的研究論文和文章，還出版了六本關於這一分析技術在藝術、考古學和法醫科學應用的書籍。他對威廉·比林斯利（William Billingsley）的瓷器有著終身的興趣，特別是來自德比（Derby）、南加爾（Nantgarw）和斯旺西（Swansea）工廠的瓷器。他撰寫了七本關於南加爾和斯旺西瓷器的重要書籍，包括《斯旺西和南加爾瓷器：科學重評》（Swansea and Nantgarw Porcelains: A Scientific Reappraisal）、《南加爾和斯旺西瓷器：分析視角》（Nantgarw and Swansea Porcelains: An Analytical Perspective）、《瓷器到矽磚：威廉·韋斯頓·楊（William Weston Young）極端陶瓷的歷程，1776-1847》（Porcelain to Silica Bricks: The Extreme Ceramics of William Weston Young, 1776-1847）、《18世紀和19世紀瓷器分析：法醫來源評估》（18th and 19th Century Porcelain Analysis: A Forensic Provenancing Assessment）、《瓷器分析及其在陶瓷標本法醫來源中的角色》（Porcelain Analysis and Its Role in the Forensic Provenancing of Ceramic Specimens）、《威爾士紋章瓷器：南加爾和斯旺西的徽章瓷器》（Welsh Armorial Porcelains: Nantgarw and Swansea Crested China）以及《法恩利霍爾服務：南加爾瓷器中的獨特幸存者》（The Farnley Hall Service: A Unique Survivor in Nantgarw Porcelain），這些書籍均由荷蘭多德雷赫特的施普林格-自然出版（Springer-Nature Publishing）出版。他還撰寫了幾本關於這些製造廠及其相關人物的專著，包括《威廉·比林斯利：神秘的瓷器藝術家、裝飾家和製造商》（William Billingsley- The Enigmatic Porcelain Artist, Decorator and Manufacturer）、《南加爾瓷器：追求完美》（Nantgarw Porcelain - The Pursuit of Perfection）、《斯旺西瓷器：路易斯·迪爾溫的鴨蛋透光視野》（Swansea Porcelain - the Duck-Egg Translucent Vision of Lewis Dillwyn）以及《德比瓷器：黃金年代，1780-1830》（Derby Porcelain: The Golden Years,1780-1830）。他在2022年出版了一本名為《拉曼光譜學在文化遺產保護中的應用》（Raman Spectroscopy in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage）的書籍（與菲利普·科隆班（Philippe Colomban）和彼得·范登阿比爾（Peter Vandenabeele）合著），該書中瓷器文物被視為藝術品和國家文化遺產的重要組成部分，工業考古、挖掘和早期瓷器製造地點的保護也同樣重要，許多這些地點如今因城市擴張而不幸消失。他最新的書籍《彭多克-巴里服務：法醫重評》（The Pendock-Barry Service: A Forensic Reappraisal，與瑞秋·丹耶（Rachel Denyer）和摩根·丹耶（Morgan Denyer）合著）專注於一項著名的德比瓷器服務。他目前正在準備三本書，分別是《火焰藍：古代至21世紀的玻璃、釉料和陶瓷中的顏料》（Blue by Fire: Pigments in Glass, Enamels and on Ceramics from Antiquity to the 21st Century，與菲利普·科隆班和威廉·傑伊（William Jay）合著）、《科德石：歷史與分析》（Coade Stone: A History and Analysis，與克里斯托弗·布魯克（Christopher Brooke）合著）以及《紋章瓷器：起源》（Armorial Porcelain: The Genesis，與瑞秋·丹耶和摩根·丹耶合著），這些書籍將於2023/4年出版。霍威爾·愛德華茲是德布雷西信託（de Brecy Trust）在其藝術品和畫作的科學評估方面的榮譽科學顧問。