Mechanisms of Forest Ecosystems Sustainability in a Changing Climate: Complete Triad of Ecological Monitoring

Kolomyts Erland Georgievich, Russian, born January 27, 1936, in the Bashkir Au-tonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in the family of agricultural workers. In 1960, he graduated from Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, in the specialty of "phys-ical geography". In the following 20 years, he studied geography and the physics of snow cover in Siberia and in the Far East at different institutions of the Russian Academy of Sci-ences. In May, 1964, he defended Cand. Sci. Dissertation at the Institute of Geography.

In December, 1972, E.G. Kolomyts defended the D. Sci. Dissertation at the Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University. His scientific activity in that period was aimed at developing the studies of landscape indication snow structure and avalanche studies on the basis of crystallography. Many-year stationary and expeditionary winter studies in Siberia, the Far East, the Far North and Great Caucasus resulted in the development of the theory and methods of analysis of the crystal structure and evolution of snow cover, which was a basis for avalanche forecasts.

Since early 1980s, E.G. Kolomyts worked at the High Mountain Geophysical Insti-tute of Russian Federal Service of Hydrometeorology and Environment Monitoring (Nal-chik, Kabardino-Balkaria) as a Head of the Laboratory of High Mountain Geoecology.

Since 1990, he hase worked at the Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Togliatti). As Head of the Laboratory of Landscape Ecolo-gy, he is closely engaged in the problems of landscape ecology, environmental modeling and prediction being the subjects of his scientific interest at present. After 2018, E.G. Ko-lomyts moved (by age) to the position of chief researcher of this institute, Since 2021 he is concurrently a leading researcher at the Institute for Fundamental Problems of Biology at the Pushchino Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

During this period, E.G. Kolomyts hase developed: (a) the scientific and methodical principles of research of bio-geographical and landscape ecotones as the primary objects for studying human impact on the environment; (b) the theoretical and methodical bases for studying the organization of natural complexes based on the data of large-scale land-scape-ecological surveys using the methods of mathematical modeling and large arrays of empirical information; (c) the strategy and methods of quantitative analysis of organiza-tion, stability and anthropogenic dynamics of forest ecosystems; and (d) the theoretical ba-ses and methods of regional and local landscape-ecological prediction. In addition, the pre-dictive landscape-ecological scenarios have been created for the forest zone of the Volga River basin and the northern macro-slope of Great Caucasus, with construction of the re-spective forecast maps.

His research into the theory of geographical zonality based on the regional empirical modeling and system analysis resulted in creating a concept of polymorphism (polystruc-ture) of landscape-zonal systems. The concept opens the way to transition from a single model of natural-territorial organization to numerous models giving a more diversified pat-tern of differentiation and integration processes in the biosphere.

The results of his research have been most comprehensively presented in the follow-ing monographs:

(1) Snow Cover of the Mountain-taiga Landscapes of the North of Transbaikalia. Lenin-grag: Nauka, 1966. 183 p. (in Russian).

(2) Structure of Snow and Landscape Indication. Moscow: Nauka, 1976. 206 p. (in Rus-sian);

(3) Methody of Crystallomorphological analysis of snow structure. Moscow: Nauka. 1977. 199 p. (in Russian)

(4) Crystallomorphilogical Atlas of Snow. A Handbook for Snow Avalanche Stations. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984. 214 p. (in Russian). Translate from the Russian to Eng-lish by C.E. Bartelt (1997).

(5) Landscape studies in transition zones. Moscow: Nauka, 1987. 120 p. (in Russian).

科洛米茨·埃爾蘭德·喬治耶維奇，俄羅斯，1936年1月27日出生於巴什基爾自治蘇維埃社會主義共和國，來自農業工人家庭。1960年，他畢業於莫斯科國立大學地理系，專攻「自然地理」。在接下來的20年中，他在俄羅斯科學院的不同機構研究西伯利亞和遠東的地理及雪蓋物理。1964年5月，他在地理研究所完成了候選科學論文的答辯。

1972年12月，E.G. 科洛米茨在莫斯科國立大學地理系完成了博士論文的答辯。在那段期間，他的科學活動旨在發展基於結晶學的雪結構和雪崩研究的景觀指示研究。多年來在西伯利亞、遠東、極北地區和大高加索的固定和考察性冬季研究，促成了雪蓋晶體結構及其演變的理論和分析方法的發展，這成為雪崩預測的基礎。

自1980年代初，E.G. 科洛米茨在俄羅斯聯邦水文氣象與環境監測服務的高山地球物理研究所（位於卡巴爾丁-巴爾卡利亞的納爾奇克）擔任高山生態學實驗室主任。

自1990年以來，他在俄羅斯科學院伏爾加河流域生態研究所（位於托利亞蒂）工作。作為景觀生態學實驗室主任，他目前專注於景觀生態學、環境建模和預測等問題。2018年後，E.G. 科洛米茨因年齡原因轉任該研究所的首席研究員，自2021年起，他同時擔任俄羅斯科學院普希欽科學中心基礎生物學問題研究所的首席研究員。

在此期間，E.G. 科洛米茨發展了：(a) 生物地理和景觀生態過渡帶研究的科學和方法原則，作為研究人類對環境影響的主要對象；(b) 基於大規模景觀生態調查數據的自然複合體組織研究的理論和方法基礎，使用數學建模方法和大量實證信息；(c) 森林生態系統的組織、穩定性和人為動態的定量分析策略和方法；以及(d) 區域和地方景觀生態預測的理論基礎和方法。此外，還為伏爾加河流域的森林區和大高加索北部宏觀坡度創建了預測性景觀生態情景，並製作了相應的預測地圖。

他對基於區域實證建模和系統分析的地理區帶理論的研究，促成了景觀區帶系統多形性（多結構）概念的創建。該概念為從單一的自然區域組織模型過渡到多個模型鋪平了道路，提供了生物圈中差異化和整合過程的更豐富模式。

他的研究成果在以下專著中得到了最全面的呈現：

(1) 《外貝加爾北部山地-泰加景觀的雪蓋》。列寧格勒：科學出版社，1966年，183頁。（俄文）

(2) 《雪的結構與景觀指示》。莫斯科：科學出版社，1976年，206頁。（俄文）

(3) 《雪結構的結晶形態學分析方法》。莫斯科：科學出版社，1977年，199頁。（俄文）

(4) 《雪的結晶形態學圖集》。雪崩觀測站手冊。列寧格勒：水文氣象出版社，1984年，214頁。（俄文）由C.E. Bartelt於1997年翻譯成英文。

(5) 《景觀研究》