Drinking Water in Sicily: Hydrogeological and Hydrogeochemical Aspects

Esterina Gagliano Candela (Palermo, 12/4/1953-11/10/2020) was graduated in Geological Sciences geophysical address in 1978. Since then she deals with geophysics applied to hydrogeology and GIS applied to environmental data thanks to her collaboration with the Institute of Mining Geophysics of the University of Palermo. Since 2000 she starts her collaboration with INGV-PA dealing with hydrogeochemistry and volcanic surveillance. Since 2004 she is scientific responsible or coordinator of several projects in the environmental field.

Giovannella Pecoraino has a decade's expertise in geochemistry applied to volcanic/hydrothermal systems. Her research experiences include geochemical surveillance of active Italian volcanoes (Ischia, Pantelleria, Vulcano, Etna), geochemistry of fluids, and gas-water-rock interactions in different volcanic and geothermal areas in the world on the basis of chemical (major, minor, and trace elements) and stable isotopic (δD and δ 18O of water, δ 13C of CO2 and TDC, 3He/4He) compositions and gas outputs in fumarolic areas and in lakes (Specchio di Venere, Albano and Nemi Lakes Italy El Chichon, Costa Rica and Barombi Mbo, Cameroon). She has also been involved as responsible or associate in several DPC founding projects with the emphasis on model, on the basis of fluid geochemistry, the structure of the hydro-geothermal system of the Ischia and Pantelleria Islands, and define a conceptual model for the recognition of chemical and/or isotopic precursors of underground eruptions in Vulcano and Phlegraean Fields on the basis of knowledge acquired in Poas and Turrialba (Costa Rica) "groundwater active" volcanoes (FREAPROB-Precursors for phreatic eruptions) in collaboration with Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad de Costa Rica. She has been involved as an associate in several projects in Canary Islands (Spain) focused on the geochemical characterization of the fluids (gas and aquifers) of Tenerife and El Hierro, the evaluation of the CO2 budgets emitted by the soils in the Las Cañadas caldera (Teide). She has also been involved in project in Greek Islands focused on the geochemical characterization of the released gases and CO2 output estimation at the geothermal system of Kos and the Gyali Island. Today, she is involved in the COLLANE project, and she is studying the degassing model for Lago Albano with its implications for the natural CO2budget of volcanic lakes and, on its turn, climate change.

Sabina Morici was born in Palermo on 17/11/1971 professional profile researcher-III level, at INGV-Section of Palermo and participated in the Water And Land Legacy (WALL) project, Tunisia; and programme to support regional cooperation--APQ Mediterranean Line 2.3. The Integrated Project addresses the issue of water resource protection and management in the areas of Kairouan and Cap Bon (Tunisia) and in the area of Licata (Sicily Pilot Project). INGV Palermo Section. Studies and research aimed at the reclassification of groundwater bodies for the updating and management of the Water Protection Plan and the implementation of the Single Monitoring and Information System to support the management of the Hydrographic District of Sicily. Framework Directive 2000/60 EC. - D. Lgs 152/2006 - D. Lgs 30/2009, within the agreement for studies and researches between INGV Sez. of Palermo and the Regional Department of Water and Waste - Water Observatory Service, Sicily Region. Collaboration agreement with the Department of Water and Waste (DAR) for the execution of studies and investigations for the definition of Conceptual Models of groundwater bodies and related geophysical investigations (M. Peloritani, M. Nebrodi e M. Iblei-Ragusani).

Leonardo La Pica was graduated in Geological Sciences in 2002 at the University of Palermo: since 2005 he has benefited from 3 years of scholarships and 10 years of research allowance at the Palermo section of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, and since 2018 he has a fixed-term contract with the professional profile of the technologist. He has always been involved in fluid geochemistry in the context of geochemical surveillance in volcanic and seismic areas of Sicily (Etna, Vulcano and Stromboli) and Campania (Vesuvius and Ischia) and for environmental reasons through the hydrogeochemical study of groundwater. His activity is mainly concerned with the study of the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater and dissolved gases and of meteoric waters, to describe water-rock interactions and to hypothesize geochemical models related to hydrogeological circulation.

Esterina Gagliano Candela（巴勒莫，1953年12月4日－2020年11月10日）於1978年獲得地質科學（地球物理方向）學位。自那時起，她專注於應用於水文地質學的地球物理學以及應用於環境數據的GIS，這得益於她與巴勒莫大學礦業地球物理研究所的合作。自2000年起，她開始與INGV-PA合作，專注於水文化學和火山監測。自2004年以來，她擔任多個環境領域項目的科學負責人或協調員。

Giovannella Pecoraino在應用於火山/熱水系統的地球化學方面擁有十年的專業經驗。她的研究經驗包括對意大利活火山（伊斯基亞、潘特勒里亞、火山、埃特納）的地球化學監測、流體的地球化學以及在世界各地不同火山和地熱區域的氣體-水-岩石相互作用，基於化學（主要、次要和微量元素）和穩定同位素（氘和氧-18的水、二氧化碳和TDC的碳-13、氦-3/氦-4）組成及氣體排放在噴氣區和湖泊（如意大利的維納斯湖、阿爾巴諾湖和內米湖、哥斯大黎加的埃爾奇奇翁、喀麥隆的巴羅比姆博）中的研究。她還作為負責人或合作者參與了幾個DPC資助項目，重點是基於流體地球化學的模型，研究伊斯基亞和潘特勒里亞島的水熱系統結構，並定義一個概念模型，以識別火山和弗雷格里安區地下噴發的化學和/或同位素前兆，這是基於在哥斯大黎加的波阿斯和圖里亞爾巴“地下水活火山”（FREAPROB-前兆噴發）的知識，與哥斯大黎加大學地質科學研究中心合作。她還作為合作者參與了幾個位於西班牙加那利群島的項目，專注於特內里費和埃爾希羅的流體（氣體和水層）的地球化學特徵，以及評估拉斯卡尼亞達斯火山口（泰德）的土壤排放的二氧化碳預算。她還參與了希臘島嶼的項目，專注於科斯和吉亞利島地熱系統中釋放氣體的地球化學特徵和二氧化碳排放估算。如今，她參與COLLANE項目，研究阿爾巴諾湖的脫氣模型及其對火山湖自然二氧化碳預算的影響，並進一步探討氣候變化。

Sabina Morici於1971年11月17日出生於巴勒莫，擔任INGV巴勒莫分部的III級研究員，參與了突尼西亞的水與土地遺產（WALL）項目；以及支持區域合作的計畫——APQ地中海線2.3。該綜合項目針對突尼西亞的凱魯萬和卡普邦地區以及西西里島的利卡塔地區的水資源保護和管理問題。INGV巴勒莫分部的研究旨在重新分類地下水體，以更新和管理水資源保護計畫，並實施單一監測和信息系統，以支持西西里水文區的管理。根據2000/60 EC框架指令 - D. Lgs 152/2006 - D. Lgs 30/2009，該項目是在INGV巴勒莫分部與西西里區域水和廢物部之間的研究協議下進行的。與水和廢物部（DAR）簽訂的合作協議，旨在進行研究和調查，以定義地下水體的概念模型及相關的地球物理調查（M. Peloritani, M. Nebrodi 和 M. Iblei-Ragusani）。

Leonardo La Pica於2002年在巴勒莫大學獲得地質科學學位，自2005年以來，他享有3年的獎學金和10年的研究津貼，於巴勒莫分部工作。