This book provides an introduction to and an overview of the multifaceted area of dynamics and nonlinearities related to optical excitations in semiconductors. It is a revised and significantly extended edition of the well-established book by C. Klingshirn split into two volumes and restructured to make it more concise. Inserts on important experimental techniques, reference to topical research and novel materials, as well as consideration of photonic applications support research-oriented teaching and learning.
This book reviews nonlinear optical properties and many-body phenomena evoked by high densities of quasi-particles in semiconductors. Coherent dynamics and relaxation of optical excitations (carriers, excitons, electron-hole plasmas, etc.) as well as condensation phenomena are elucidated in these materials. A broad overview is provided of seminal research results augmented by detailed descriptions of the relevant experimental techniques, e.g., ultrafastspectroscopy, four-wave mixing, and the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss experiment. Offering a comprehensive introduction to hot topics in current research -- polariton condensates, valley coherence, and single photons, to name a few, it also discusses applications of the described physical concepts in topical areas, such as quantum information, photonics, spintronics, and optoelectronics.
Covering subjects ranging from physics to materials science and optoelectronics, the book provides a lively and comprehensive introduction to semiconductor optics beyond the linear regime.
With many problems, chapter introductions, schematic depictions of physical phenomena, as well as boxed inserts and a detailed index, it is suitable for use in graduate courses in physics and neighboring sciences like material science and optical communication. It is also a valuable reference resource for doctoral and advanced researchers.
本書提供了與半導體中光學激發相關的動力學和非線性多面向領域的介紹和概述。這是C. Klingshirn所著的經典書籍的修訂版和顯著擴展版，分為兩卷並重新結構，以使內容更為簡潔。書中插入了重要實驗技術的介紹，參考了當前的研究主題和新材料，並考慮了光子應用，以支持以研究為導向的教學和學習。
本書回顧了半導體中由高密度準粒子引發的非線性光學特性和多體現象。這些材料中的光學激發（載流子、激子、電子-空穴等離子體等）的相干動力學和放鬆現象，以及凝聚現象均有闡述。書中提供了開創性研究結果的廣泛概述，並詳細描述了相關的實驗技術，例如超快光譜學、四波混合和Hanbury-Brown與Twiss實驗。本書全面介紹了當前研究中的熱門主題——極化子凝聚、谷相干和單光子等，並討論了所描述的物理概念在量子資訊、光子學、自旋電子學和光電學等相關領域的應用。
本書涵蓋從物理學到材料科學和光電學的主題，提供了超越線性範疇的半導體光學的生動而全面的介紹。書中包含許多問題、章節介紹、物理現象的示意圖，以及框選插圖和詳細索引，適合用於物理學及相關科學（如材料科學和光學通信）的研究生課程。對於博士生和高級研究人員來說，它也是一個寶貴的參考資源。
Heinz Kalt studied Physics at the Universities of Bielefeld and Bonn and earned his doctoral degree in Physics from J.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt/Main in 1985. He stayed two years as a postdoc and visiting professor at Center for Applied Quantum Electronics of North Texas State University in Denton (USA). Studies of high-excitation phenomena and carrier dynamics in III-V multi-valley semiconductors commenced there were continued at Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research and at University Kaiserslautern. These investigations formed the basis of his Habilitation Thesis (1993) which was also published in Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences. A second research focus at this time were fundamental excitonic processes in the search for laser materials for the blue and visible spectral range.
In 1994 Heinz Kalt was appointed Professor of Applied Physics at Universität Karlsruhe (TH) (now Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT). Since then hisresearch interest included temporally and spatially resolved optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nano-structures, relaxation and transport dynamics of excitons, high-excitation effects, excitonic spin injection, storage and dynamics, ZnO nano-rods, random lasing, semiconductor micro-cavities, artificial organic light-harvesting complexes, optical whispering-gallery resonators, optical bio-sensing, polymer-based flexible photonics, spectroscopy of novel solar-cell absorber materials. H. Kalt has (co-)authored about 450 publications mainly in the field of semiconductor optics.
Heinz Kalt served the academic community by holding various offices like Dean of the Physics Department at KIT, Dean of Studies of Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP), Ombudsperson for good scientific praxis, as well as speaker and long-time elected member of the KIT Senate. He was a committed and well-respected lecturer mainly in the areas of solid-state optics, semiconductor physics and optoelectronics and supervised related thesis work of numerous students and doctoral candidates. Heinz Kalt retired in April 2023.
Claus Klingshirn obtained his Diplom (1971) and Doctoral degrees (1975) at the university in Erlangen, with E. Mollwo. In 1975/76 he was postdoc in Strasbourg (S. Nikitine and B. Grun). From there he went to the University at Karlsruhe for his Habilitation, which he obtained in 1980. In the following he accepted various professorships: 1981 an associate professorship in Frankfurt/Main, 1987 full professorships at Kaiserslautern and from 1993 to his retirement in 2010 at Karlsruhe. He spent sabbaticals for a few months at Bell Labs, Holmdel (1986) and at Harvard (1996) with D. S. Chemla and E. Mazur, respectively.
The "backbone" of his scientific career was centred around the (non-)linear optical of (bi-) excitons in semiconductors, their behaviour at high densities, the transition to an electron hole plasma, their laser processes or dynamics, starting with ZnO in Erlangen, continuing with cuprous halides in Strasbourg and extending to other II-VI compounds at Karlsruhe, on III-V quantum structures in Holmdel. In the early 80ies he installed a subgroup on magnetooptical properties at the High Field Facility in Grenoble. In Frankfurt and Kaiserslautern he headed a subgroup growing epitaxial II-VI quantum wells and quantum dots in glasses. At both places he supervised also a subgroup on optical bistability, self-oscillations and chaos. In Karlsruhe he supervised with Heinz Kalt a subgroup growing ZnO nanorods and investigating their laser properties.
Claus Klingshirn supervised about 120 Diplom-, 60 Doctorate- and a few Habilitation Theses. He (co-)authored more than 480 publications in refereed journals, conference proceedings or book chapters. He wrote the first four eds. of Semiconductor Optics, which isnow continued by H. Kalt. He is editor and coauthor of a book on Zinc Oxide, Springer Ser. in Mate. 120
(2010), of subvolumes of Landolt Börnstein (New Series
34)
and contributed to Römpp Chemie Lexikon. He had fruitful cooperations with theoretical and experimental groups. He hosted guest scientists mainly from eastern Europe and Asia. He served as referee for various scientific journals, funding agencies and in conference boards. He served as dean (2000- 2020) and dean of studies (2004-2006). After his retirement he engaged himself in social activities e.g. as honorary, ambulant coworker of "Hospice in Karlsruhe" from 2010 to 2022.
海因茲·卡爾特（Heinz Kalt）在比勒費爾德大學和波恩大學學習物理，並於1985年在法蘭克福的約翰·沃爾夫岡·歌德大學獲得物理學博士學位。他在德克薩斯州北部大學的應用量子電子中心擔任了兩年的博士後研究員和訪問教授。在那裡開始了對III-V多谷半導體中高激發現象和載流子動力學的研究，並在馬克斯·普朗克固態研究所和凱瑟斯勞滕大學繼續進行這些研究。這些調查形成了他的Habilitation論文（1993）的基礎，該論文也發表在施普林格固態科學系列中。當時的第二個研究重點是尋找藍色和可見光譜範圍的激光材料中的基本激子過程。
1994年，海因茲·卡爾特被任命為卡爾斯魯厄大學（TH）（現為卡爾斯魯厄理工學院，KIT）的應用物理教授。自那時以來，他的研究興趣包括半導體納米結構的時間和空間解析光譜學、激子的放鬆和傳輸動力學、高激發效應、激子自旋注入、儲存和動力學、ZnO納米棒、隨機激光、半導體微腔、人工有機光捕獲複合材料、光學耳語廳共振器、光學生物感測、基於聚合物的柔性光子學、新型太陽能電池吸收材料的光譜學。H. Kalt在半導體光學領域共同或單獨發表了約450篇出版物。
海因茲·卡爾特通過擔任各種職務為學術界服務，如KIT物理系主任、卡爾斯魯厄光學與光子學學院（KSOP）學習主任、良好科學實踐的申訴人，以及KIT參議院的發言人和長期當選成員。他是一位敬業且受人尊敬的講師，主要在固態光學、半導體物理和光電子學領域授課，並指導了眾多學生和博士候選人的相關論文工作。海因茲·卡爾特於2023年4月退休。
克勞斯·克林希爾恩（Claus Klingshirn）在埃爾朗根大學獲得了他的Diplom（1971年）和博士學位（1975年），指導教授為E. Mollwo。1975/76年，他在斯特拉斯堡擔任博士後（指導教授為S. Nikitine和B. Grun）。之後，他前往卡爾斯魯厄大學進行Habilitation，並於1980年獲得學位。隨後，他接受了多個教授職位：1981年在法蘭克福/Main擔任副教授，1987年在凱瑟斯勞滕擔任正教授，並於1993年至2010年退休前在卡爾斯魯厄擔任正教授。他在貝爾實驗室（Bell Labs，1986年）和哈佛大學（1996年）分別度過了幾個月的學術休假，指導教授為D. S. Chemla和E. Mazur。
他的科學事業的「骨幹」圍繞著半導體中（非）線性光學的（雙）激子、高密度下的行為、向電子-空穴等離子體的過渡、激光過程或動力學展開，從埃爾朗根的ZnO開始，繼續在斯特拉斯堡的銅鹵化物，並擴展到卡爾斯魯厄的其他II-VI化合物，以及霍姆代爾的III-V量子結構。在80年代初，他在格勒諾布爾的高場設施安裝了一個關於磁光性質的子小組。在法蘭克福和凱瑟斯勞滕，他負責一個子小組，專注於在玻璃中生長外延II-VI量子井和量子點。在這兩個地方，他還指導了一個關於光學雙穩定性、自我振盪和混沌的子小組。在卡爾斯魯厄，他與海因茲·卡爾特共同指導一個子小組，專注於生長ZnO納米棒並研究其激光特性。
克勞斯·克林希爾恩指導了約120篇Diplom論文、60篇博士論文和幾篇Habilitation論文。他在同行評審的期刊、會議論文集或書籍章節中共同或單獨發表了超過480篇出版物。他撰寫了《半導體光學》的前四版，該書現在由H. Kalt繼續編寫。他是施普林格材料系列第120卷《氧化鋅》一書的編輯和共同作者（2010年），以及Landolt-Börnstein的子卷的編輯。
