Digital Agriculture: A Solution for Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security

全球人口正在增加，而可耕地卻以驚人的速度減少。約四分之一的可耕地已經退化，需要進行重大修復才能再次支持作物生長。到2030年，水資源供應將短缺40%，無法滿足全球需求。此外，迫在眉睫的氣候變遷對於到2050年需要餵養100億人口的食品生產提出了額外挑戰。目前主要的農業系統因其對溫室氣體排放、水污染和生物多樣性喪失的貢獻，正走在一條大致不可持續的軌道上。

基於這些原因，創新技術正在現代農業中被引入以維持食品生產。這些技術包括數位和地理空間技術，用於管理土壤、氣候和植物遺傳資源。隨著工具和感測器的發展，這些設備整合進物聯網（IoT）環境中，實體收集的信息被轉換為計算機可讀的語言。因此，數位創新使得實時分析、機器學習和人工智慧（AI）能夠管理大量數據，這也被稱為大數據。因此，數位農業為可持續農業和經濟利益提供了更大的潛力。

本書總結了農業實踐中AI整合的最新進展。具體重點包括但不限於大數據、產量映射、害蟲管理和最佳施肥灌溉。因此，本書提出了一種前瞻性的方法，以滿足多項聯合國可持續發展目標，特別是SDG 2、6、13和15。

P. M. Priyadarshan is a prominent Hevea rubber breeder. He began his research career by breeding triticale and wheat while doing M.Phil and PhD degrees at the Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut under the guidance of Prof. P.K. Gupta. During the 1980s he focused on the in vitro culture of spices. He joined the Rubber Research Institute of India (Rubber Board, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India) as a Plant Breeder in 1990 and specialized in breeding Hevea rubber for sub-optimal environments. He was a visiting scientist at the Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Centre, Purdue University, U.S.A. In 2009, he became the Institute's Deputy Director, and managed its Central Experiment Station until 2016. He has been involved in breeding cereals, spices and Hevea rubber for 32 years. He is a reviewer of international journals, such as Industrial Crops & Products, Tree Genetics and Genomes etc. He has published many research papers in journals of international repute, such as Advances in Agronomy, Advances in Genetics, and Plant Breeding Reviews. He has edited/co-edited Breeding Plantation Tree Crops (Springer), Breeding Major Food Staples (Blackwell-Wiley), the Genomics of Tree Crops (Springer), and more recently, Cash Crops (Springer).

Shri Mohan Jain received his Ph.D. in 1978 from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. He completed his postdoctoral fellowship in Israel, USA, and was a visiting scientist/professor in Japan, Malaysia, Germany, and Italy. He works in both academia and industry, and has served as a Technical Officer on Plant Breeding and Genetics at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria. Dr. Jain is on the editorial Board of Euphytica, In Vitro, Propagation of Ornamental Plants; reviewer in Plant cell and organ culture, Plant cell reports, and few others. He has published more than 165 peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, and conference proceedings, and edited 65 books. He has also been a consultant for the European Union, The Government of Grenada, Iranian date palm Company and the Egyptian Government.

Suprasanna Penna Ph.D. (Genetics), a Professor and Director at the Amity Institute of Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India. He was formerly with Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, as the Head of Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division. He is also an IAEA Expert consultant. His significant contributions to plant science include plant biotechnology, mutation breeding, stress tolerance, and bioplymers for enhancing used in enhancing plant productivity in crop plants and vegetables. His research on plant abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants and halophytes led to elucidating mechanisms of salinity tolerance and adaptiveness. He is on the editorial board of several international journals and has published over 380 publications. He has edited several books on plant mutation breeding, salinity tolerance, plant genetic diversity, plant biotechnology and plant-metal interactions, and was the Guest Editor of special issues in Frontiers in Plant Sciences, Physiologia Plantarum (Wiley), Current Plant Biology (Elsevier), and Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (Springer).

Professor Jameel M. Al-Khayri is affiliated with the Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. He received B.S. in Biology in 1984 from the University of Toledo, M.S. in Agronomy in 1988, and Ph.D. in Plant Science in 1991 from the University of Arkansas. He is an active member of the International Society for Horticultural Science and serves as the National Correspondent of the International Association of Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology. He dedicated his research efforts to date palm biotechnology for the last three decades. Al-Khayri has authored 120 research articles, 70 chaptersand edited several journal special issues and 30 reference books on plant biotechnology, genetic resources, breeding, genomics, nanotechnology, climate change, and food security. He was recognized in the top 2% of Scopus Citation in 2022. Currently, he is the editor of two Springer Book Series, Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies, and Nanotechnology in Plant Sciences. He has been involved in organizing international scientific conferences and contributed numerous research presentations. In addition to teaching, student advising and research, he held administrative responsibilities as the Assistant Director of Date Palm Research Center, Head of Department of Plant Biotechnology and Vice Dean for Development and Quality Assurance. Al-Khayri served as a Member of Majlis Ash Shura (Saudi Legislative Council) for the 2009-2012 session. He is interested in agricultural innovations and sustainability to support food security.

P. M. Priyadarshan 是一位著名的 Hevea 橡膠育種專家。他在查德哈里·查蘭·辛格大學（Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut）攻讀 M.Phil 和 PhD 學位期間，在 P.K. Gupta 教授的指導下開始了他的研究生涯，專注於三穀類和小麥的育種。在1980年代，他專注於香料的體外培養。1990年，他加入印度橡膠研究所（Rubber Research Institute of India，印度商務部橡膠局）擔任植物育種師，專門研究適應次最佳環境的 Hevea 橡膠育種。他曾在美國普渡大學的硬木樹木改良與再生中心擔任訪問科學家。2009年，他成為該研究所的副所長，並管理其中央實驗站直到2016年。他在穀物、香料和 Hevea 橡膠的育種方面已有32年的經驗。他是多本國際期刊的審稿人，如《Industrial Crops & Products》、《Tree Genetics and Genomes》等。他在國際知名期刊上發表了多篇研究論文，如《Advances in Agronomy》、《Advances in Genetics》和《Plant Breeding Reviews》。他編輯或共同編輯了《Breeding Plantation Tree Crops》（Springer）、《Breeding Major Food Staples》（Blackwell-Wiley）、《The Genomics of Tree Crops》（Springer），以及最近的《Cash Crops》（Springer）。

Shri Mohan Jain 於1978年在印度新德里的賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯大學獲得博士學位。他在以色列和美國完成了博士後研究，並曾在日本、馬來西亞、德國和意大利擔任訪問科學家/教授。他在學術界和工業界均有工作經驗，曾擔任國際原子能機構（IAEA）在奧地利維也納的植物育種和遺傳學技術官。Jain 博士是《Euphytica》、《In Vitro》、《Propagation of Ornamental Plants》的編輯委員會成員，並擔任《Plant Cell and Organ Culture》、《Plant Cell Reports》等期刊的審稿人。他已發表超過165篇經過同行評審的期刊文章、書籍章節和會議論文，並編輯了65本書籍。他還曾擔任歐盟、格林納達政府、伊朗棗樹公司和埃及政府的顧問。

Suprasanna Penna 博士（遺傳學）是印度孟買阿米提大學核生物技術研究所的教授和所長。他曾在孟買的巴巴原子研究中心擔任核農業和生物技術部門的負責人。他也是IAEA的專家顧問。他在植物科學方面的重大貢獻包括植物生物技術、突變育種、抗逆境能力以及用於提高作物和蔬菜生產力的生物聚合物。他對作物植物和鹽生植物的植物非生物逆境耐受性研究，揭示了耐鹽性和適應性的機制。他是多本國際期刊的編輯委員會成員，已發表超過380篇出版物。他編輯了多本有關植物突變育種、耐鹽性、植物遺傳多樣性、植物生物技術和植物-金屬相互作用的書籍，並擔任《Frontiers in Plant Sciences》、《Physiologia Plantarum》（Wiley）、《Current Plant Biology》（Elsevier）和《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》（Springer）特刊的客座編輯。

Jameel M. Al-Khayri 教授隸屬於沙烏地阿拉伯的法伊薩爾大學農業生物技術系。他於1984年在托萊多大學獲得生物學學士學位，1988年獲得農藝學碩士學位，1991年在阿肯色大學獲得植物科學博士學位。他是國際園藝科學學會的活躍成員，並擔任國際植物組織培養與生物技術協會的國家聯絡人。他在過去三十年中專注於棗樹生物技術的研究。Al-Khayri 已發表120篇研究文章、70篇章節，並編輯了多本期刊特刊和30本參考書籍。