Photobiomodulation for the Brain: Photobiomodulation Therapy in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry
暫譯: 腦部光生物調變：神經學與神經精神病學中的光生物調變療法

Farzad Salehpour is a Ph.D. student in Behavioral Neuroscience at The University of Texas at Austin. He received his M.Sc. degree in Medical Physics from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Currently, he serves as a research assistant at THOR Photomedicine Inc. in Millersville, MD, USA. He also delivers training sessions and lectures on brain photobiomodulation at the College for Light Medicine/Photobiomodulation in Starnberg, Germany. In addition, Farzad is an expert scientific advisor for ProNeuroLIGHT LLC in Phoenix, AZ. He has contributed to more than 35 scientific peer-reviewed publications and four book chapters, and has been an invited speaker at various national and international conferences. His primary research focus is photobiomodulation therapy in neurorehabilitation. Over the past six years, Farzad has had highly productive collaborations with many universities and photomedicine-related companies worldwide, including Neurosciences Research Center (Tabriz, Iran), Dell Medical School (Austin, TX), Harvard Medical School (Boston, MA), Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA), Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Boston, MA), National University of Ireland (Galway, Ireland), Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (Wroclaw, Poland), QuietMind Foundation (Elkins Park, PA), LiteCure LLC (Newark, DE), VieLight Inc (Toronto, Canada), Niraxx Light Therapeutics (Irvine, CA), CeraThrive LLC (Minneapolis, MN), and Neuropathy Treatment Centers of America (Phoenix, AZ), to advance the science and technology and elucidate mechanisms of photobiomodulation in the brain

Paolo Cassano, M.D., Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor in Psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School and Director of Photobiomodulation at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Division of Neuropsychiatry and the MGH Depression Clinical and Research Program. He graduated from the MGH-McLean Adult Psychiatry Residency Program in June 2009. Since 2009, he has served as principal investigator (PI) on multiple studies on transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) for several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), sponsored by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD), the Dupont Warren/Livingston Fellowship from Harvard Medical School, and private companies. These groundbreaking projects - in collaboration with the MGH Wellman Center for Photomedicine - have led to promising results and demonstrated the preliminary efficacy of near-infrared radiation for the treatment of mood disorders and for ameliorating cognition. Considerable press attention stemmed from these studies, with CNN and Washington Post coverage at the national level. He is actively pursuing the identification of biological targets of the effects of tPBM at the MGH Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, where he has been the PI on a pilot study to investigate the impact of tPBM on cerebral blood flow (Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy - DCS), on brain electrical activity (electroencephalography - EEG), autonomic reactivity (heart rate variability - HRV and skin conductance - SCR), and cognition in healthy subjects. Dr. Cassano is particularly interested in studying tPBM, as a pro-cognitive intervention, in patients with cognitive impairment and has reported with other groups on tPBM to treat chronic traumatic brain injury and Down syndrome and enhance cognition in healthy volunteers. Dr. Cassano's tPBM research is funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute of Aging (NIA), the Alzheimer Association "Part the Cloud," and the Down Syndrome Research Foundation (UK). In Nov 2016, he co-founded a neurotech company, Niraxx Light Therapeutics Inc., to facilitate the technology transfer from translational research to readily available products for the general public.

Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad, M.Pill, Ph.D., is a principal investigator and an Associate Professor at the Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. He was trained as a translational neuroscientist and received his Ph.D. from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. His research interests lie in the areas of learning and memory mechanisms, brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, nicotine, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, brain photobiomodulation, and cognitive rehabilitation. He works with various researchers at different levels, including post-doctoral fellows, visiting scientists, and graduate students. Several funding agencies support his research program. He has published several peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, book chapters, and international abstracts. He is an associate editor for the Journal of Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences. Further, he has several projects in progress at various stages of completion and has been a visiting researcher at universities in Denmark and Japan.

Javad Mahmoudi, Ph.D., is an associate professor at the Neurosciences Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, where he has been an academic staff member since 2014. He completed his undergraduate studies at Azad University and received his Ph.D. in Pharmacology from the same university. His first area of research is the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions. The second area focuses on the treatments for emotional and cognitive impairments resulting from stressors factors, including spatial restriction and insomnia, as well as noise and heat stresses. Dr. Mahmoudi is a member of the Iranian Neuroscience and the Iranian Physiology and Pharmacology Societies.

Farzin Kamari, M.D., M.P.H., is an accomplished researcher with considerable experience in computational neuroscience, medicine, and public health. He currently serves as a research associate at the Department of Neurophysiology within the Institute of Physiology at the University of Tübingen in Germany, and is additionally affiliated with the International Max Planck Research School for the Mechanisms of Mental Function and Dysfunction, also located in Tübingen, Germany. He earned his Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees from the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Dr. Kamari's research interests are focused at the intersection of neuroscience, medicine, and technology, with a particular emphasis on leveraging technical and computational approaches to enhance brain function and mental health. He has honed his unique interdisciplinary skills through his achievements as an entrepreneur, including co-founding Synaptic ApS, an innovative company based in Odense, Denmark. The company specialized in AI applications in medicine and has secured several rounds of funding from prominent sources, including the EU Horizon 2020 program and other funding agencies. Throughout his career, Dr. Kamari has co-authored several peer-reviewed publications in internationally esteemed scientific journals and has contributed to a number of patents in the fields of diagnostics, neuroscience, and medicine

Michael R Hamblin, Ph.D., was a Principal Investigator at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, an Associate Professor of Dermatology at Harvard Medical School for 25 years, and is now a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa and affiliated faculty at Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. He gained his PhD in organic chemistry from Nottingham Trent University in England. His research interests include photodynamic therapy, photobiomodulation, drug delivery, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering. His research program was supported by NIH, CDMRP, USAFOSR and CIMIT. He has published over 750 peer-reviewed articles, over 150 conference proceedings, book ch^ 90,000 citations. He has authored/edited 36 textbooks on PDT, photomedicine, and nanomedicine including 13 SPIE proceedings. Dr Hamblin was elected as a Fellow of SPIE in 2011, received the 1st Endre Mester Lifetime Achievement Award from NAALT in 2017, the Outstanding Career Award from the Dose Response Society, the 1st Ali Javan award for Photobiomodulation Basic Science Research from WALT in 2018, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from European Medical Laser Association in 2022.

**Farzad Salehpour** 是德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校行為神經科學的博士生。他在伊朗塔布里茲醫科大學獲得醫學物理碩士學位。目前，他在美國馬里蘭州米勒斯維爾的THOR Photomedicine Inc.擔任研究助理。他還在德國斯塔恩貝格的光醫學/光生物調變學院進行大腦光生物調變的培訓課程和講座。此外，Farzad還是位於亞利桑那州菲尼克斯的ProNeuroLIGHT LLC的專家科學顧問。他已發表超過35篇經過同行評審的科學論文和四個書籍章節，並在各種國內和國際會議上擔任受邀演講者。他的主要研究重點是神經康復中的光生物調變療法。在過去六年中，Farzad與全球多所大學和光醫學相關公司進行了高效的合作，包括神經科學研究中心（伊朗塔布里茲）、德爾醫學院（德克薩斯州奧斯汀）、哈佛醫學院（馬薩諸塞州波士頓）、馬薩諸塞州總醫院（馬薩諸塞州波士頓）、威爾曼光醫學中心（馬薩諸塞州波士頓）、愛爾蘭國立大學（愛爾蘭戈爾韋）、弗羅茨瓦夫科技大學（波蘭弗羅茨瓦夫）、QuietMind基金會（賓夕法尼亞州埃爾金斯公園）、LiteCure LLC（德拉瓦州紐瓦克）、VieLight Inc（加拿大多倫多）、Niraxx Light Therapeutics（加州爾灣）、CeraThrive LLC（明尼蘇達州明尼阿波利斯）和美國神經病治療中心（亞利桑那州菲尼克斯），以推進光生物調變的科學和技術，並闡明其在大腦中的機制。

**Paolo Cassano, M.D., Ph.D.** 是哈佛醫學院精神病學的助理教授，也是馬薩諸塞州總醫院（MGH）神經精神病學部門的光生物調變主任。他於2009年6月從MGH-McLean成人精神病學住院醫師計劃畢業。自2009年以來，他擔任多項針對多種神經精神疾病（如重度抑鬱症和廣泛性焦慮症）的經顱光生物調變（tPBM）研究的首席研究員，這些研究由大腦與行為研究基金會（NARSAD）、哈佛醫學院的Dupont Warren/Livingston獎學金和私人公司贊助。這些開創性的項目與MGH威爾曼光醫學中心合作，取得了有希望的結果，並顯示出近紅外輻射在治療情緒障礙和改善認知方面的初步療效。這些研究引起了相當大的媒體關注，CNN和《華盛頓郵報》在全國範圍內進行了報導。他目前在MGH神經精神病學和神經調節實驗室積極尋找tPBM影響的生物學目標，並擔任一項研究的首席研究員，該研究調查tPBM對健康受試者的腦血流（擴散相關光譜法 - DCS）、腦電活動（腦電圖 - EEG）、自主反應（心率變異性 - HRV和皮膚電導 - SCR）和認知的影響。Cassano博士特別有興趣研究tPBM作為促進認知的干預措施，並已與其他團隊報告tPBM在治療慢性創傷性腦損傷和唐氏綜合症方面的應用，以及在健康志願者中增強認知。Cassano博士的tPBM研究由國家心理健康研究所（NIMH）、國家老齡化研究所（NIA）、阿茲海默症協會的「Part the Cloud」計劃和唐氏綜合症研究基金會（英國）資助。2016年11月，他共同創立了一家神經科技公司Niraxx Light Therapeutics Inc.，以促進從轉化研究到公眾可用產品的技術轉移。

**Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad, M.Pill, Ph.D.** 是塔布里茲醫科大學神經科學研究中心的首席研究員和副教授。他接受了轉化神經科學家的培訓，並在塔布里茲醫科大學獲得博士學位。他的研究興趣包括學習和記憶機制、大腦老化、阿茲海默症、尼古丁、尼古丁乙醯膽鹼受體、大腦光生物調變和認知康復。他與不同層級的研究人員合作，包括博士後研究員、訪問科學家和研究生。多個資助機構支持他的研究計劃。他已發表多篇經過同行評審的文章、會議論文、書籍章節和國際摘要。他是《實驗與臨床神經科學雜誌》的副編輯。此外，他有多個項目正在進行中，並在丹麥和日本的多所大學擔任訪問研究員。

**Javad Mahmoudi, Ph.D.** 是塔布里茲醫科大學神經科學研究中心的副教授，自2014年以來一直是該校的學術成員。他在阿扎德大學完成本科學業，並在同一所大學獲得藥理學博士學位。他的第一個研究領域是針對神經退行性疾病的治療策略開發。第二個領域則專注於由壓力因素（包括空間限制和失眠）以及噪音和熱應激引起的情緒和認知障礙的治療。Mahmoudi博士是伊朗神經科學學會和伊朗生理學與藥理學學會的成員。

**Farzin Kamari, M.D., M.P.H.** 是一位在計算神經科學、醫學和公共衛生方面具有豐富經驗的研究人員。他目前在德國圖賓根大學生理學研究所的神經生理學部門擔任研究助理，並且與國際馬克斯·普朗克研究學校（專注於心理功能和功能障礙的機制）有關聯。他在伊朗塔布里茲醫科大學獲得醫學博士（MD）和公共衛生碩士（MPH）學位。Kamari博士的研究興趣集中在神經科學、醫學和技術的交集，特別強調利用技術和計算方法來增強大腦功能和心理健康。他通過創業的成就磨練了自己獨特的跨學科技能，包括共同創立位於丹麥奧登塞的創新公司Synaptic ApS，該公司專注於醫學中的人工智慧應用，並從包括歐盟Horizon 2020計劃在內的多個重要來源獲得了幾輪資金。在他的職業生涯中，Kamari博士共同撰寫了多篇在國際知名科學期刊上發表的同行評審文章，並在診斷學、神經科學和醫學領域貢獻了多項專利。

**Michael R Hamblin, Ph.D.** 曾是馬薩諸塞州總醫院威爾曼光醫學中心的首席研究員，並在哈佛醫學院擔任皮膚科副教授達25年，現在是南非約翰尼斯堡大學的傑出訪問教授，並且是伊朗醫科大學輻射生物學研究中心的附屬教員。他在英國諾丁漢特倫特大學獲得有機化學博士學位。他的研究興趣包括光動力療法、光生物調變、藥物傳遞、納米醫學和組織工程。他的研究計劃得到了NIH、CDMRP、USAFOSR和CIMIT的支持。他已發表超過750篇經過同行評審的文章、超過150篇會議論文、書籍章節，並獲得超過90,000次引用。他編著或編輯了36本關於光動力療法、光醫學和納米醫學的教科書，包括13本SPIE會議論文集。Hamblin博士於2011年被選為SPIE的院士，2017年獲得NAALT的第一屆Endre Mester終身成就獎，並獲得劑量反應學會的傑出職業獎、WALT的第一屆Ali Javan光生物調變基礎科學研究獎，以及2022年歐洲醫療激光協會的終身成就獎。