Anatomy of Cranial Arteries, Embryology and Variants

本書專注於中樞神經系統動脈的解剖學，涵蓋了中樞神經系統的所有解剖變異，並描述了潛在成人變異背後的胚胎發育過程。

本書的第一部分回顧了胚胎學的一般概念。接下來，每個部分對應於特定解剖位置的動脈：硬膜內、硬膜、顱底和顱頸交界。每章專注於單一動脈，以便讀者更容易尋找資訊。此外，書中還包含了現代且詳細的胚胎發育步驟和成人變異的插圖。插圖有兩種類型：藝術家繪圖，通常用於解釋血管胚胎學，以及血管造影影像。

本書的核心在於專門討論每條動脈的胚胎發育及可能導致成人不同變異的過程。本書的讀者主要是神經外科醫生和神經放射科醫生，專注於神經血管領域，但也將幫助神經外科、神經放射學和神經學的住院醫師在日常實踐中。

Dr. Thomas Robert, MD, is a Titular Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of Southern Switzerland and a neurosurgeon in the private practice. He trained as neurosurgeon in Switzerland (Lausanne, Sion, Lugano), in France (Paris) and in Canada (Quebec, Montreal). After a strong knowledge about the general neurosurgery, he dedicated to the study of neurovascular diseases; in particular to cerebral aneurysms, brain arterio-venous malformations and dural arterio-venous fistulas. After the completion of distinct clinical fellowship, one in Interventional Neuroradiology at the Rothschild Foundation Hospital and the other in vascular and skull base Neurosurgery at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal (CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada), he began his clinical practice at the Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (Lugano, Switzerland). Since 2020, he holds the position of responsible for cranial neurosurgery and is also the resident's program director in his department. In 2022 he moved to the clinical practice and continued his academic activity in the vascular field. Dr. Robert is fascinated by the embryology the cranio-facial arteries that allows to explain anatomical variations. His clinical research is mainly focused on vascular embryology, anatomical variations, and neurovascular diseases. He is the principal investigator of few national multicentric studies. He published nearly 65 publications and five educative books for residents and students in Neurosurgery. He also participated in the elaboration of various book chapters

Dr. Sara Bonasia, MD, is a Resident in Neurosurgery in Switzerland. She studied medicine at the Catholic University of Sacred Heart in Rome, obtaining her medical degree in 2017, and then moved to Switzerland (Lugano and then St. Gallen) to start her Neurosurgical Residency Program in 2018. She is actually completing her training with a Fellowship in Interventional Neuroradiology at the Rothschild Foundation Hospital in Paris. She was awarded the title of Medical Doctor in 2020 after writing a thesis entitled "Angiographic analysis of natural anastomoses between the anterior and posterior cerebral artery in Moyamoya disease and syndrome." Since this early work, her interest in vascular anatomy and embryology represents the main focus of her research and her scientific publications. Dr. Bonasia has always cultivated a keen interest in illustrative art, and from her earliest publications she demonstrated this passion by creating medical illustrations. Currently, she regularly contributes to scientific works by providing original illustrations with the aim of helping residents like herself to understand very complex concepts related to vascular anatomy. Since 2019, she has published approximately 15 scientific papers in the vascular field, of which she is first author on 10. The articles are mainly descriptive reviews related to cerebral arteries and their embryology, but also surgicalreports in the "How I do It" form as well as clinical studies. Since 2020 she is junior member of the Swiss Society of Neurosurgery, and of the Society of Swiss Young Neurosurgeons.

Prof. Michel W. Bojanowski, M.D., F.R.C.S.C., is a full professor in the Department of Surgery at the University of Montreal and neurosurgeon at University of Montreal Hospital Center(CHUM). Specialized in cerebrovascular disease and skull base tumors, professor Bojanowski is the director of the cerebrovascular section of the division of neurosurgery. A graduate in neurosurgery from the University of Montreal, he completed additional training in vascular neurosurgery at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona. Professor Bojanowski has co-authored more than 150 publications in peer-reviewed journals and authored 15 book chapters. He has been a guest speaker on numerous occasions. For several years, he was responsible for teaching ethics to surgical residents at the University of Montreal, and has chaired the Medical Procedure Evaluation Committee of the Department of Surgery at CHUM. He is responsible for additional training (fellowship) in vascular neurosurgery and skull base at CHUM. He has won numerous teaching awards including the Senior Mentor Award from the University of Montreal Department of Surgery. Professor Bojanowski received the Quebec Medical Specialists Federation 2021 award for excellence in care for an innovative project.

Dr. Thomas Robert，醫學博士，是南瑞士大學神經外科的名譽教授及私人執業的神經外科醫生。他在瑞士（洛桑、西昂、盧加諾）、法國（巴黎）和加拿大（魁北克、蒙特利爾）接受神經外科的訓練。在獲得對一般神經外科的深厚知識後，他專注於神經血管疾病的研究，特別是腦動脈瘤、腦動靜脈畸形和硬膜動靜脈瘻。完成了兩項不同的臨床研究員計畫，一項是在羅斯柴爾德基金會醫院的介入神經放射學，另一項是在蒙特利爾大學醫療中心（CHUM，蒙特利爾，魁北克，加拿大）的血管及顱底神經外科後，他開始在南瑞士神經中心（瑞士盧加諾）進行臨床實踐。自2020年以來，他擔任顱神經外科負責人，並且是其部門的住院醫師計畫主任。2022年，他轉向臨床實踐，並在血管領域繼續他的學術活動。Robert醫生對顱面動脈的胚胎學充滿興趣，這使他能夠解釋解剖變異。他的臨床研究主要集中在血管胚胎學、解剖變異和神經血管疾病上。他是幾項國家多中心研究的主要研究者，並發表了近65篇論文和五本針對神經外科住院醫師及學生的教育書籍。他還參與了多個書籍章節的編寫。

Dr. Sara Bonasia，醫學博士，是瑞士的神經外科住院醫師。她在羅馬的聖心天主教大學學習醫學，於2017年獲得醫學學位，隨後於2018年移居瑞士（盧加諾，然後是聖加倫）開始她的神經外科住院醫師計畫。她目前正在巴黎的羅斯柴爾德基金會醫院完成介入神經放射學的研究員訓練。她於2020年獲得醫學博士稱號，並撰寫了一篇題為「Moyamoya病及綜合症中前後腦動脈自然吻合的血管造影分析」的論文。自此以後，她對血管解剖學和胚胎學的興趣成為她研究和科學出版物的主要焦點。Bonasia醫生一直對插畫藝術抱有濃厚的興趣，並在她的早期出版物中通過創作醫學插圖展現了這一熱情。目前，她定期為科學作品提供原創插圖，旨在幫助像她一樣的住院醫師理解與血管解剖學相關的非常複雜的概念。自2019年以來，她在血管領域發表了約15篇科學論文，其中10篇為第一作者。這些文章主要是與腦動脈及其胚胎學相關的描述性綜述，也包括以「我如何做到」形式的手術報告以及臨床研究。自2020年以來，她是瑞士神經外科學會的初級成員，以及瑞士年輕神經外科醫生協會的成員。

Prof. Michel W. Bojanowski，醫學博士，F.R.C.S.C.，是蒙特利爾大學外科系的全職教授及蒙特利爾大學醫療中心（CHUM）的神經外科醫生。專精於腦血管疾病和顱底腫瘤的Bojanowski教授是神經外科部門腦血管小組的主任。他是蒙特利爾大學神經外科的畢業生，並在亞利桑那州的巴羅神經學研究所完成了血管神經外科的進一步訓練。Bojanowski教授在同行評審的期刊上共同撰寫了超過150篇出版物，並撰寫了15個書籍章節。他曾多次擔任特邀演講者。多年來，他負責在蒙特利爾大學教授外科住院醫師倫理學。