An Introduction to Modern Timekeeping and Time Transfer
暫譯: 現代計時與時間傳輸導論

Dr. Parameswar Banerjee received his undergraduate degree from the University of Calcutta and his Ph.D from the University of Burdwan. He joined National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI) in 1976, where for thirty five years he worked on circuit design, satellite communication, time measurement, GNSS time transfer, and timescales. The patents he secured for designing NPLI's digital telephone service have been licensed to four different manufacturers. He served as Acting Director of NPLI for a few months, and in 2008 he became head of the Electrical and Electronics Standards Division.

After retirement he became a professor at Amity University and a visiting researcher at Burdwan University, supervising many undergraduate and PhD students while also developing curricula and chairing academic committees.

He has organized many international conferences and served as a member or chair of numerous scientific committees. Frequently asked to review articles for technical journals, he is currently associate editor for the Radio Science Bulletin and on the board of the International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering.

He is a Senior Member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and a Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE), the Metrology Society of India (MSI), the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

He has published more than 100 papers, given more than 60 invited talks, presented 90 conference papers, and holds 7 patents. He has received the Union of Radio Scientists (URSI) Young Scientist Award, the 2006 IETE Hari Ramji Toshniwal Gold Medal, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the SKF Group of Institutes.

Dr. Demetrios Matsakis grew up in St. Louis, received a BS in physics from MIT, and a PhD in physics from UC Berkeley, where he studied under Nobel Laureate Charles Townes. He then worked for 40 years at the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), where he at first used radio interferometry and built water-vapor radiometers to measure the variable rotation of the Earth. In 1989 he was asked to work part-time on a mercury stored-ion clock. In 1997 he became director of the USNO's Time Service department, and 16 years later he became Chief Scientist.

Now a consultant, he has worked on the faculty of Virginia Tech on finding better methods to predict the Earth's rotation, and on Kalman filter theory. As Chief Scientist for Masterclock he advises on and tests new products, writes a blog, and otherwise remains active in the timekeeping community. Frequently asked to review articles for technical journals, he is also a special editor for the GPS Solutions topical collection on timekeeping.

He has participated in or chaired numerous national and international committees and working groups, served for three years as president of the International Astronomical Union's Time Commission (#31), and represented the USA in Paris and Geneva. He has published over 160 scientific papers covering most aspects of timekeeping including Earth rotation, timescales, pulsars, and time-transfer. He holds one patent and published five science fiction short stories. In 1996 he received the USNO's Newcomb award, the highest internal award for science research, and in 2023 he was given the Institute of Navigation's PTTI Distinguished Service Award.

巴拉梅斯瓦爾·巴內吉博士於加爾各答大學獲得學士學位，並在布爾德萬大學獲得博士學位。他於1976年加入印度國家物理實驗室（NPLI），在那裡工作了三十五年，專注於電路設計、衛星通信、時間測量、全球導航衛星系統（GNSS）時間傳輸和時間標準。他為設計NPLI的數位電話服務所獲得的專利已授權給四家不同的製造商。他曾擔任NPLI的代理主任幾個月，並於2008年成為電氣與電子標準部門的負責人。

退休後，他成為阿米提大學的教授，並在布爾德萬大學擔任訪問研究員，指導許多本科生和博士生，同時開發課程並主持學術委員會。

他組織了許多國際會議，並擔任多個科學委員會的成員或主席。經常被邀請為技術期刊審稿，目前擔任《無線科學公報》的副編輯，並在《國際計量與質量工程期刊》的編輯委員會中任職。

他是電氣與電子工程師學會（IEEE）的資深會員，也是電子與電信工程師學會（IETE）、印度計量學會（MSI）、國際無線科學聯合會（URSI）和工程與技術學會（IET）的院士。

他已發表超過100篇論文，進行超過60場受邀演講，發表90篇會議論文，並擁有7項專利。他獲得了無線科學聯合會（URSI）青年科學家獎、2006年IETE哈里·拉姆吉·托什尼瓦爾金獎，以及SKF集團的終身成就獎。

德梅特里奧斯·馬塔基斯博士在聖路易斯長大，獲得麻省理工學院的物理學學士學位，並在加州大學伯克利分校獲得物理學博士學位，期間師從諾貝爾獎得主查爾斯·湯斯。他在美國海軍天文台（USNO）工作了40年，最初使用無線干涉儀並建造水蒸氣輻射計來測量地球的變化旋轉。1989年，他被要求兼職研究汞儲存離子鐘。1997年，他成為USNO時間服務部門的主任，16年後成為首席科學家。

現在作為顧問，他在維吉尼亞理工大學的教職工作，尋找更好的方法來預測地球的旋轉，以及研究卡爾曼濾波理論。作為Masterclock的首席科學家，他對新產品提供建議和測試，撰寫博客，並在時間計量社群中保持活躍。經常被邀請為技術期刊審稿，他也是GPS解決方案專題集的特別編輯，專注於時間計量。

他參與或主持了許多國家和國際委員會及工作小組，曾擔任國際天文聯合會時間委員會（#31）主席三年，並在巴黎和日內瓦代表美國。他已發表超過160篇科學論文，涵蓋時間計量的各個方面，包括地球旋轉、時間標準、脈衝星和時間傳輸。他擁有一項專利，並發表了五篇科幻短篇小說。1996年，他獲得USNO的紐康獎，這是科學研究的最高內部獎項，並於2023年獲得導航學會的PTTI傑出服務獎。