Transforming Heritage Practice in the 21st Century: Contributions from Community Archaeology
暫譯: 21世紀遺產實踐的轉型：社區考古學的貢獻

近年來，全球文化遺產研究和社區考古學領域迅速增長，關於社區參與的機制和後果的討論也日益擴展。這一趨勢使得有關誰擁有過去、誰擁有知識以及如何更有效地與社區分享遺產價值的辯論成為焦點，社區隨之賦予遺產材料意義和價值。

全球化的力量促使我們需要將知識置於背景中，以應對複雜問題，並在學術學科內外進行合作，使用更綜合的方法論，這些方法論包括非學術人士的參與和利益相關者的增加參與。成功的計劃提供權力分享機制和動機，使普通人在考古實地工作以及解釋和信息傳播過程中更積極參與。

在本卷內容中，我們展望社區考古學超越對外展和公眾參與的描述，朝向更具批判性和反思性的行動與思考。本卷的呈現背景是文化遺產研究從20世紀的「專家方法」演變到21世紀的「以人為本的方法」，在決策過程的所有階段都強調公眾參與和社區參與。本卷包含28章和59位作者的貢獻，涵蓋廣泛的地理範圍，包括非洲、南美洲、中美洲、西歐、東歐、北美洲和澳大拉西亞。各章提供了公共考古學中權力在多樣的合作環境和利益相關者互動框架內共享的範例案例，形成一個不斷增長的公共考古學詞彙。

John H. Jameson is a former senior archaeologist and interpretation program lead in the U.S. National Park Service. He is Assistant Editor for the Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage (JCAH) and serves on the editorial board of the Journal of European Archaeology (JEA). He also acted as Head, World Archaeological Congress (WAC-8) Editing Team. He was appointed to the Scientific Committee of both 2^nd and 3nd International Conferences on Best Practices in World Heritage. He is an active member of ICOMOS, serving on the International Committee on Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites (ICIP) and the International Scientific Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management (ICAHM). He is a consultant to the 12,000 Year History Park project in South Carolina, involving archaeological administration, grant applications, project management, public interpretation training, and collections management tasks. His publications include: Presenting Archaeology to the Public: Digging for Truths (AltaMira,1997), Ancient Muses: Archaeology and the Arts (University of Alabama Press, 2003), The Reconstructed Past: Reconstructions in the Public Interpretation of Archaeology and History (AltaMira, 2004), Unlocking the Past: Celebrating Historical Archaeology in North America (UPF, 2005), Past Meets Present: Archaeologists Partnering with Museum Curators, Teachers and Community Groups (Springer, 2007); Out of the Blue: Public Interpretation of Maritime Cultural Resources (Springer, 2007); The Heritage Reader (Routledge, 2008), and Training and Practice for Modern Day Archaeologists (Springer, 2013).

Sergiu Musteaţă is an archaeologist from the Republic of Moldova. He is Professor at the History and Geography Faculty of the "Ion Creangă" State Pedagogical University of Moldova. He holds his Ph.D. at the History Faculty of "Al.I. Cuza" University, Iași, Romania. Sergiu Musteata is former Fulbright research fellow at University of Maryland, USA, OSI scholar at the University of California-Berkeley, Stanford University, USA and Central European University, Budapest, Hungary. He was DAAD and Humboldt Foundation fellow at the RGK, German Archaeological Institute, visiting professor at Bonn, Freiburg, Braunschweig universities and visiting scholar at Uppsala University Campus Gotland, Sweden. He is the author of 8 monographs, more than 300 scientific publications, editor of over 30 books, and editor of two journals. His major academic interests are History and Archaeology of the Eastern Europe, Cultural Heritage Preservation and Textbooks Analysis. His most recent publications include: Nomads and Natives beyond the Danube and the Black Sea, 700-900 CE, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, ARC Humanities Press, 2019; Archaeological Heritage Resource Management in Romania and the Republic of Moldova: A Comparative View. In: Campbell S., White L., Thomas S. (eds) Competing Values in Archaeological Heritage. Springer, Cham, 2019, 45-61; Basarabeanul bruiat de KGB. La microfonul Europei Liberă - Efim Crimerman, 1981-1990, vol. 1-2, Chișinău, ARC, 2017; About Us and Our Neighbours: History Textbooks in the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Ukraine. Georg Eckert Institute, Braunschweig, Eckert. Dossiers 7, 2017; Access to cultural heritage in Sweden - the way to efficient cultural tourism, Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends, Vol. X, 2017, 73-90.

約翰·H·詹姆森（John H. Jameson）是美國國家公園管理局的前高級考古學家及解釋計畫負責人。他是《社區考古學與遺產期刊》（Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage, JCAH）的助理編輯，並擔任《歐洲考古學期刊》（Journal of European Archaeology, JEA）的編輯委員會成員。他還擔任世界考古大會（World Archaeological Congress, WAC-8）編輯團隊的負責人。他被任命為第二屆和第三屆世界遺產最佳實踐國際會議的科學委員會成員。他是國際古蹟與古蹟保護委員會（ICOMOS）的活躍成員，參與文化遺產地點解釋與展示的國際委員會（ICIP）及考古遺產管理的國際科學委員會（ICAHM）。他是南卡羅來納州12000年歷史公園計畫的顧問，涉及考古管理、補助申請、專案管理、公眾解釋訓練及收藏管理等任務。他的出版物包括：《向公眾展示考古學：挖掘真相》（Presenting Archaeology to the Public: Digging for Truths, AltaMira, 1997）、《古代的靈感：考古學與藝術》（Ancient Muses: Archaeology and the Arts, University of Alabama Press, 2003）、《重建的過去：考古學與歷史的公眾解釋中的重建》（The Reconstructed Past: Reconstructions in the Public Interpretation of Archaeology and History, AltaMira, 2004）、《打開過去：慶祝北美歷史考古學》（Unlocking the Past: Celebrating Historical Archaeology in North America, UPF, 2005）、《過去與現在的交匯：考古學家與博物館策展人、教師及社區團體的合作》（Past Meets Present: Archaeologists Partnering with Museum Curators, Teachers and Community Groups, Springer, 2007）；《突如其來：海洋文化資源的公眾解釋》（Out of the Blue: Public Interpretation of Maritime Cultural Resources, Springer, 2007）；《遺產讀本》（The Heritage Reader, Routledge, 2008），以及《現代考古學家的訓練與實踐》（Training and Practice for Modern Day Archaeologists, Springer, 2013）。

塞爾吉烏·穆斯特亞（Sergiu Musteață）是來自摩爾多瓦共和國的考古學家。他是摩爾多瓦國立教育大學「伊昂·克雷安古」（'Ion Creangă' State Pedagogical University of Moldova）歷史與地理系的教授。他在羅馬尼亞雅西的「阿爾·I·庫扎」（'Al.I. Cuza' University）歷史系獲得博士學位。塞爾吉烏·穆斯特亞曾是美國馬里蘭大學的富布萊特研究學者，加州大學伯克利分校、斯坦福大學及匈牙利布達佩斯的中歐大學的OSI學者。他曾是德國考古學研究所（RGK）DAAD及洪堡基金會的研究學者，並在波恩、弗賴堡、布倫瑞克大學擔任訪問教授，還曾在瑞典烏普薩拉大學戈特蘭校區擔任訪問學者。他是8部專著的作者，超過300篇科學出版物的作者，編輯超過30本書籍，並擔任兩本期刊的編輯。他的主要學術興趣包括東歐的歷史與考古學、文化遺產保護及教科書分析。他最近的出版物包括：《700-900年多瑙河與黑海以外的遊牧民族與本地人》（Nomads and Natives beyond the Danube and the Black Sea, 700-900 CE, 阿姆斯特丹，阿姆斯特丹大學出版社，ARC Humanities Press，2019）；《羅馬尼亞與摩爾多瓦共和國的考古遺產資源管理：比較視角》。收錄於：坎貝爾（Campbell S.）、懷特（White L.）、托馬斯（Thomas S.）編輯的《考古遺產中的競爭價值》（Competing Values in Archaeological Heritage, Springer, Cham, 2019, 45-61）；《被KGB干擾的巴薩拉比亞人。自由歐洲的麥克風 - 埃菲姆·克里梅曼，1981-1990》（Basarabeanul bruiat de KGB. La microfonul Europei Libere - Efim Crimerman, 1981-1990），第1-2卷，基希納烏，ARC，2017；《關於我們和我們的鄰居：摩爾多瓦共和國、羅馬尼亞和烏克蘭的歷史教科書》（About Us and Our Neighbours: History Textbooks in the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Ukraine）。喬治·艾克特研究所，布倫瑞克，艾克特。檔案7，2017；《瑞典的文化遺產獲取 - 通往有效文化旅遊的道路》，《旅遊挑戰與趨勢期刊》（Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends），第X卷，2017，73-90。