Voice over IP Fundamentals, 2/e

Description

A systematic approach to understanding the basics of Voice over IP -- Fully Updated and Revised!

 

• New edition of the best-selling 1st edition promotes understanding of voice application and services
• Complete coverage examines all basic VoIP signaling protocols and primary legacy voice signaling protocols
• Demonstrates how all the various voice technologies integrate to form a cohesive system
• Updates readers with new chapters and topics including security

 

This book is a complete revision of the best-selling, well-respected first edition (1578701686). The continued focus of Voice over IP Fundamentals is to bring users, implementers, and developers of this technology up to a basic level of understanding of the marketplace, history, and future of VoIP. This is accomplished through thorough updates to technical data and examination of new applications that have become popular over the past years. Areas for future growth are also explored. This new edition focuses on the many changes that have occurred in basic technology and new applications using that technology. For example, the first version of this book published when SIP was a new and unknown technology. SIP is now seen as the ideal control protocol for voice traffic and other real time media streams. Additionally, new applications combining legacy services with new services are being deployed. One example of these services is the combination of telephony services and presence applications. As there are multiple titles in the marketplace that address how to specifically implement a given technology, this book focuses primarily on the technology and applications. This second edition features brand-new chapters on billing and mediation services, voice security, IP and PSTN internetworking, and applications chapters for both enterprises and service providers.

 

 

Table of Contents

Introduction

Part I PSTN

Chapter 1 Overview of the PSTN and Comparisons to Voice over IP

  The Beginning of the PSTN

  Understanding PSTN Basics

     Analog and Digital Signaling

     Digital Voice Signals

     Local Loops, Trunks, and Interswitch Communication

    PSTN Signaling

  PSTN Services and Applications

     PSTN Numbering Plans

  Drivers Behind the Convergence Between Voice and Data Networking

     Drawbacks to the PSTN

  Packet Telephony Network Drivers

     Standards-Based Packet Infrastructure Layer

     Open Call-Control Layer

     VoIP Call-Control Protocols

     Open Service Application Layer

  New PSTN Network Infrastructure Model

  Summary

Chapter 2 Enterprise Telephony Today

  Similarities Between PSTN and ET

  Differences Between PSTN and ET

     Signaling Treatment

     Advanced Features

  Common ET and PSTN Interworking

     ET Networks Provided by PSTN

     Private ET Networks

  Summary

Chapter 3 Basic Telephony Signaling

  Signaling Overview

     Analog and Digital Signaling

     Direct Current Signalin8

     In-Band and Out-of-Band Signaling

     Loop-Start and Ground-Start Signaling

     CAS and CCS

  E&M Signaling

     Type I

     Type II

     Type III

     Type IV

     Type V

  CAS

     Bell System MF Signaling

     CCITT No. 5 Signaling

     R1

     R2

  ISDN

     ISDN Service5

     ISDN Access Interface6

     ISDN L2 and L3 Protocols

     Basic ISDN Call

  QSIG

     QSIG Service4

     QSIG Architecture and Reference Points

     QSIG Protocol Stac5

     QSIG Basic Call Setup and Teardown Example

  DPNSS

  Summary

Chapter 4 Signaling System 7

  SS7 Network Architecture

     Signaling Elements

     Signaling Links

  SS7 Protocol Overview

     Physical Layer—MTP L1

     Data Layer—MTP L2

     Network Layer—MTP3

     SCCP

     TUP

     ISUP

     TCAP

  SS7 Examples

     Basic Call Setup and Teardown Example

     800 Database Query Example

  List of SS7 Specifications

  Summary

Chapter 5 PSTN Services

  Plain Old Telephone Service

     Custom Calling Features

     CLASS Features

     Voice Mail

  Business Services

     Virtual Private Voice Networks

     Centrex Services

     Call Center Services

  Service Provider Services

     Database Service

     Operator Services

  Summary

Part II Voice over IP Technology

Chapter 6 IP Tutorial

  OSI Reference Model

     The Application Layer

     The Presentation Layer

     The Session Layer

     The Transport Layer

     The Network Layer

     The Data Link Layer

     The Physical Layer

  Internet Protocol

  Data Link Layer Addresses

  IP Addressing

  Routing Protocols

     Distance-Vector Routing

     Link-State Routing

     BGP

     IS-IS

     OSPF

     IGRP

  EIGRP

     RIP

  IP Transport Mechanisms

     TCP

     UDP

  Summary

  References

Chapter 7 VoIP: An In-Depth Analysis

  Delay/Latency

     Propagation Delay

     Handling Delay

     Queuing Delay

  Jitter

  Pulse Code Modulation

     What Is PCM?

     A Sampling Example for Satellite Networks

  Voice Compression

     Voice Coding Standards

     Mean Opinion Score

     Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement

  Echo

  Packet Loss

  Voice Activity Detection

  Digital-to-Analog Conversion

  Tandem Encoding

  Transport Protocols

     RTP

     Reliable User Data Protocol

  Dial-Plan Design

  End Office Switch Call-Flow Versus IP Phone Call

  Summary

  References

Chapter 8 Quality of Service

  QoS Network Toolkit

  Edge Functions

     Bandwidth Limitations

     cRTP

     Queuing

     Packet Classification

  Traffic Policing

     Traffic Shaping

     Edge QoS Wrap-Up

  Backbone Networks

     High-Speed Transport

     Congestion Avoidance

     Backbone QoS Wrap-Up

  Rules of Thumb for QoS

  Cisco Labs’ QoS Testing

  Summary

Chapter 9 Billing and Mediation Services

  Billing Basics

     Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)

     RADIUS

     Vendor-Specific Attributes (VSA)

     Billing Formats

  Case Study: Cisco SIP Proxy Server and Billing

     RADIUS Server Accounting

  Challenges for VoIP Networks

  Mediation Services

  Summary

Chapter 10 Voice Security

  Security Requirements

  Security Technologies

     Shared-Key Approaches

     Public-Key Cryptography

  Protecting Voice Devices

     Disabling Unused Ports/Services

     HIPS

  Protecting IP Network Infrastructure

     Segmentation

     Traffic Policing

     802.1x Device Authentication

     Layer 2 Tools

     NIPS

     Layer 3 Tools

  Security Planning and Policies

     Transitive Trust

     VoIP Protocol-Specific Issues

     Complexity Tradeoffs

     NAT/Firewall Traversal

     Password and Access Control

  Summary

Part III IP Signaling Protocols

Chapter 11 H.323

  H.323 Elements

     Terminal

     Gateway

     Gatekeeper

     The MCU and Elements

     H.323 Proxy Server

  H.323 Protocol Suite

     RAS Signaling

     Call Control Signaling (H.225)

     Media Control and Transport (H.245 and RTP/RTCP)

  H.323 Call-Flows

  Summary

Chapter 12 SIP

  SIP Overview

     Functionality That SIP Provides

     SIP Network Elements

     Interaction with Other IETF Protocols

     Message Flow in SIP Network

  SIP Message Building Blocks

     SIP Addressing

     SIP Messages

     SIP Transactions and Dialog

     Transport Layer Protocols for SIP Signaling

  Basic Operation of SIP

     Proxy Server Example

     Redirect Server Example

     B2BUA Server Example

  SIP Procedures for Registration and Routing

     User Agent Discovering SIP Servers in a Network

     SIP Registration and User Mobility

     SIP Message Routing

     Routing of Subsequent Requests Within a SIP Dialog

     Signaling Forking at the Proxy

     Enhanced Proxy Routing

  SIP Extensions

     SIP Extension Negotiation Mechanism: Require, Supported, Allow Headers

     Caller and Callee Preferences

     SIP Event Notification Framework: Subscription and Notifications

     SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY Methods

     Monitoring Registration State Using the Subscription-Notification Framework

     SIP REFER Request

     Presence and Instant Messaging Overview

     SIP Extensions for IM and Presence

  Summary

Chapter 13 Gateway Control Protocols

  MGCP Overview

  MGCP Model

     Endpoints

     Connections

     Calls

  MGCP Commands and Messages

     CreateConnection (CRCX)

     ModifyConnection (MDCX)

     DeleteConnection (DLCX)

     NotificationRequest (RQNT)

     Notification (NTFY)

     AuditEndpoint (AUEP)

     AuditConnection (AUCX)

     RestartIn-Progress (RSIP)

     EndpointConfiguration (EPCF)

     MGCP Response Messages

  MGCP Call Flows

     Basic MGCP Call Flow

     Trunking GW-to-Trunking GW Call Flow

  Advanced MGCP Features

     Events and Event Packages

     Digit Maps

     Embedded Notification Requests

     Non-IP Bearer Networks

  H.248/MEGACO

  Summary

Part IV VoIP Applications and Services

Chapter 14 PSTN and VoIP Interworking

  Cisco Packet Telephony

  Packet Voice Network Overview

     Network Elements

     Residential Gateway

     Network Interfaces

  PGW2200 Architecture and Operations

     PGW2200-Supported Protocols

     Execution Environment

     North American Numbering Plan

  PGW2200 Implementation

     Application Check-Pointing

     MGC Node Manager

     Accounting

  PSTN Signaling Over IP

     SCTP

     IUA

  Changing Landscape of PSTN-IP Interworking

  Session Border Controller (SBC)

  Summary

Chapter 15 Service Provider VoIP Applications and Services

  The Service Provider Dilemma

  Service Provider Applications and Benefits

  Service Provider VoIP Deployment: Vonage

     VoIP Operational Advantages

  Service Provider Case Study: Prepaid Calling Card

     BOWIE.net Multiservice Networks

  Session Border Control: Value Addition

  VoIP Peering: Top Priority for the Service Providers

  Service Provider VoIP and Consumer Fixed Mobile Convergence

  Summary

Chapter 16 Enterprise Voice over IP Applications and Services

  Migrating to VoIP Architecture

  Enterprise Voice Applications and Benefits

  Advanced Enterprise Applications

     Web-Based Collaboration and Conference

     The Need for Presence Information

     Presence-Aware Services

  Wi-Fi–Enabled Phones

  Better Voice Quality Using Wideband Codecs

  Summary