Cisco Frame Relay Solutions Guide
暫譯: 思科幀中繼解決方案指南

Implement Frame Relay solutions on Cisco networks with this definitive resource

• Design the perfect Frame Relay solution, using the detailed explanation of the Frame Relay implementation process
• Configure Frame Relay on Cisco routers with comprehensive step-by-step instructions
• Understand each feature of Frame Relay by using configuration examples and explanations
• Use Cisco oriented case studies with design scenarios to understand real-life examples of each feature's application and relevance
• Contains valuable tips and hints for troubleshooting Frame Relay connections

  Today, with Frame Relay's widespread popularity, major service providers around the world offer Frame Relay as one of their core services, and it has become an important technology for connecting data networks across North America, Europe, and Asia. In short, Frame Relay is a high-speed, high-performance, Layer 2 packet-switched technology designed for communication across WANs. Frame Relay is often described as a streamlined version of the X.25 protocol, and it can be implemented over a variety of other network interfaces, including ISDN. Frame Relay users have found that it provides a number of benefits over alternative technologies:

  • Lower cost of ownership
  • Well-established and widely adopted standards that allow open architecture and plug-and-play service implementation
  • Low overhead combined with high reliability
  • Network scalability, flexibility, and disaster recovery
  • Interworking with other new services and applications, such as ATM

  Along with these benefits and the growing popularity of Frame Relay comes the need for information and solutions to design issues, implementation, quality of service, and high availability. To meet this need, Cisco Frame Relay Solutions Guide provides comprehensive coverage of Frame Relay technologies and the Cisco Frame Relay solutions developed in Cisco IOS Software from release 12.0 up to 12.2(T). Both Frame Relay beginners, who need to understand the technology, and advanced readers, who need information on the wide range of Frame Relay features Cisco offers, will benefit from this book. However, Cisco Frame Relay Solutions Guide is a useful design, implementation, and configuration guide for networking professionals of all levels.

  This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.

Table of Contents：

Icons Used in This Book.

Command Syntax Conventions.

Introduction.


Goals and Methods. Who Should Read This Book? How this book Is Organized.

I. FRAME RELAY TECHNOLOGY.

1. Introduction to Frame Relay.
Frame Relay Defined. Frame Relay Virtual Circuits. The Frame Relay Header. The Standardization of Frame Relay. The Origins of Frame Relay: X.25. Frame Relay's Current Role. The Future of Frame Relay. Frame Relay Terminology. Summary. Review Questions. Reference.
2. Cisco Frame Relay Devices and Network Implementation.
Understanding Frame Relay Devices and Network Implementation. Frame Relay Serial Interfaces and Cabling Standards. The Cisco Family of Router and Switch Platforms for Frame Relay WAN Connectivity. Frame Relay Access Speeds and CIR. Introduction to the Cisco Frame Relay Implementation. Summary. Review Questions.
3. Planning and Managing Frame Relay Networks.
Network Planning. Committed Burst (Bc). Excess Burst (Be). Custom Queuing. Multipoint Subinterfaces. Summary. Review Questions.
4. Cisco Frame Relay Configurations.
Configuring Frame Relay. Enabling Frame Relay Encapsulation. Configuring the LMI Type on a Frame Relay Interface. Configuring Static and Dynamic DLCI to Network Layer Address Mapping. Configuring Frame Relay Subinterfaces. Using Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces. Configuring a Cisco Router as a Frame Relay Switch. Local Significance Approach to DLCI Assignment. Verifying Frame Relay Connections with IOS show Commands. Troubleshooting Frame Relay Connections with Cisco IOS debug Commands. Summary. Review Questions. Reference.

II. CISCO FRAME RELAY SOLUTIONS FOR POLICING AND SHAPING.

5. Frame Relay Traffic Shaping.
Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. Frame Relay Traffic Shaping Explained. How Frame Relay Traffic Shaping Works. Adaptive Shaping to BECN. Adaptive Shaping to ForeSight. Configuring Frame Relay Traffic Shaping. Creating a Traffic Shaping Map Class. Associating the Frame Relay Map Class. Monitoring Frame Relay Traffic Shaping Information. Configuring Discard Eligibility (DE). Configuring Frame Relay Broadcast Queue. Configuring DLCI Priority Levels. Differences Between Frame Relay Traffic Shaping and Generic Traffic Shaping. Summary. Review Questions. Reference. Case Study: Managing Data Traffic. Case Study: A Small Hub-and-Spoke Network Running Voice and Video Traffic.
6. Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements.
Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. Frame Relay Switching over ISDN B Channels. Basic Policing-Traffic Policing on UNI DCE. Congestion Management on Switched PVCs. Monitoring and Verifying Frame Relay Switching Enhancements on a Cisco Router. Summary. Review Questions. Reference. Case Study: Frame Relay Switching over ISDN.
7. Cisco Frame Relay End-to-End Keepalive.
Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. Frame Relay End-to-End Keepalive Feature Defined. Request Mode. Reply Mode. Passive-Reply Mode. Configuring Frame Relay End-to-End Keepalive. Monitoring and Verifying Frame Relay End-to-End Keepalive. Summary. Review Questions. Reference. Case Study: Using LMI and Frame Relay End-to-End Keepalive.

III. CISCO FRAME RELAY SOLUTIONS FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

8. Frame Relay to ATM Interworking.

ATM Technology. Interworking Frame Relay with ATM. Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreement Document Number FRF.5. Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreement Document Number FRF.8.1. Congestion Indication Support in FRF.8.1. Supported Cisco Platforms for Frame Relay to ATM Interworking. Configuring FRF.5 Network Interworking. Verifying FRF.5 Configuration. Configuring FRF.8.1 Service Interworking. Summary. Review Questions. References.
9. Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion.
Current Issues. Solutions for Current Issues. Configuring Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion. Verifying Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion. Summary. Review Questions. Reference. Case Study: Without Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion. Case Study: With Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion.
10. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over Frame Relay.
Requirements for PPP over Frame Relay. RFC 1973 and Cisco Implementation of PPP over Frame Relay. PPP over Frame Relay Frame Format. Monitoring PPP over Frame Relay. Summary. Review Questions. References. Case Study: Verifying PPP over Frame Relay.
11. Frame Relay Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC).
Introduction to Frame Relay SVC. Current Issues. Solutions for Current Issues. Setting Up an SVC Operation. Cisco Implementation of Frame Relay SVC. SVC Configuration Tasks. Monitoring Frame Relay SVC. Summary. Review Questions. References. Case Study: Frame Relay SVC Network Between Two Remote Offices.
12. X.25 over Frame Relay: Using the Annex G Feature.
Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. Annex G Feature. Basic X.25 Configuration Tasks on a Cisco Router. Summary. Review Questions. References. Case Study: Use of the Annex G Feature.
13. Frame Relay Enhanced Local Management Interface (ELMI).
Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. Configuring the Frame Relay ELMI Feature. show frame-relay pvc. Operation of MIB. Summary. Review Questions. References.
14. Multilink Frame Relay (FRF.16).
Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. Multilink Frame Relay Setup and Operation. Bundle Management. Tearing Down the Bundle Link. Cisco Implementation of Multilink Frame Relay. Configuring Multilink Frame Relay on Cisco Routers. Monitoring and Troubleshooting Multilink Frame Relay. Summary. Review Questions. References.
15. Compression over Frame Relay.
Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. How Compression Works. Loss-less Compression Algorithm Data Compression Scheme. Predictor Compression Scheme. Technical Overview of Cisco IOS Frame Relay Compression Schemes. Configuring Frame Relay Proprietary Payload Compression. Configuring Frame Relay FRF.9 Payload Compression. Configuring TCP/IP Header Compression over Frame Relay. Configuring Frame Relay RTP Header Compression. Express Header Compression for Cisco IOS Release 12.1. Frame Relay Compression Design Guidelines. Verifying and Monitoring Frame Relay Compressions on Cisco Routers. Troubleshooting Frame Relay Compression. Summary. Review Questions. References.
16. Frame Relay Fragmentation.

Current Issues. Solutions to Current Issues. Cisco Implementations of Frame Relay Fragmentation. RF12 Support on Switched PVC. Configuring FRF.12 Fragmentation on Switched PVCs. RF12 Fragmentation with Hardware Compression Support. Monitoring and Troubleshooting Frame Relay Fragmentation. Summary. Review Questions. References. Case Study: Implementing Fragmentation on a Voice and Data Network.

IV. CISCO FRAME RELAY SOLUTIONS FOR CONGESTION MANAGEMENT.

17. Frame Relay Congestion Management.
The Need for Queuing on Frame Relay Networks. Hierarchical Queuing Architecture for Frame Relay. Frame Relay PIPQ. Configuring Frame Relay PIPQ. Monitoring and Troubleshooting Frame Relay PIPQ. Summary. Review Questions. References.
18. Frame Relay Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) and Low Latency Queuing (LLQ).
Overview of the MQC. CBWFQ. Configuring CBWFQ for Frame Relay. Monitoring and Troubleshooting CBWFQ for Frame Relay. LLQ, or PQ/CBWFQ. Monitoring and Troubleshooting LLQ for Frame Relay. Summary. Review Questions. References.
19. Frame Relay Queuing and Fragmentation at the Interface.
Overview of Frame Relay Queuing and Fragmentation at the Interface. Monitoring and Troubleshooting Frame Relay Queuing and Fragmentation at the Interface Using the Subrate Shaper. Summary. Review Questions. Reference.
20. Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI) for Frame Relay Virtual Circuits.
LFI Using MLP Overview. Configuring Cisco IOS MLP LFI for Frame Relay on a Cisco Router. Monitoring and Troubleshooting the Cisco IOS MLP LFI over Frame Relay Feature. Summary. Review Questions. Reference. Case Study: LFI over Frame Relay Using MLP.

V. CISCO FRAME RELAY SOLUTIONS FOR CONGESTION AVOIDANCE AND SIGNALING.

21. Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) for Frame Relay.
Overview of Congestion Avoidance Mechanisms. Configuring WRED for Frame Relay. Monitoring and Troubleshooting Tail Drop and WRED. Summary. Review Questions. References.
22. Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) for Frame Relay.
General Overview of RSVP. RSVP Support for Frame Relay. Configuring RSVP Support for Frame Relay. Monitoring and Troubleshooting RSVP Support for Frame Relay. Summary. Review Questions. Reference.
Appendix. Answers to Review Questions.
Index.