Cisco Self-Study: Building Cisco Metro Optical Networks (METRO)
暫譯: 思科自學：建構思科都市光網路 (METRO)

Dave Warren, Dennis Hartmann

Cisco Self-Study: Building Cisco Metro Optical Networks (METRO)
  • 出版商: Cisco Press
  • 出版日期: 2003-09-05
  • 售價: $2,370
  • 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $2,252
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 528
  • 裝訂: Hardcover
  • ISBN: 1587050706
  • ISBN-13: 9781587050701
  • 相關分類: Cisco

    • 已過版

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商品描述

 

Plan, design, and configure high-speed fiber-optic networks

Coverage includes:

  • Configuring ONS 15454 and ONS 15327 platforms
  • Architecture for building Metropolitan Ethernet Transparent LAN Services (TLS)
  • Packet over SONET (PoS) network design, configuration, and verification
  • Inner workings of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), including operability with the ONS 15216 product family
  • Principles of Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT)
  • SONET background, including structures, components, and network design
  • Bonus case studies, which challenge you to select equipment and design a metro optical network

Fiber-optic networking has several significant advantages over traditional wired and wireless networks: optical signals can travel much farther than electrical signals, are more secure, are resistant to electromagnetic interference, and have the potential to provide bandwidth in the terabits per second range (1000 Gbps).

Service providers must satisfy the always-increasing networking demands of customers while keeping costs to a minimum. Optical networks must meet the challenge of supporting multiple types of transmissions including voice, video, and data traffic. Although time-division multiplexing (TDM) has provided a growth path for services, it is more constrained than IP + Optical strategies like the Cisco Dynamic Packet Transport (Resilient Packet Ring). The Cisco Systems® end-to-end IP + Optical networking strategy provides an intelligent converged network in which optical infrastructures can be used to their fullest potential.

While most reference books focus on the theory involved in SONET and optical infrastructures, Cisco Self-Study: Building Cisco Metro Optical Networks (METRO) focuses on the practical application of planning and configuring optical networks that involve SONET, DWDM, Metropolitan Ethernet, Packet over SONET, and Dynamic Packet Transport (Resilient Packet Ring).

Cisco Self-Study: Building Cisco Metro Optical Networks (METRO) is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco Systems that can include simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining.

This volume is in the Certification Self-Study Series offered by Cisco Press. Books in this series provide officially developed training solutions to help networking professionals understand technology implementations and prepare for the Cisco Career Certifications examinations.

Table of Contents

Introduction.

1. Metro Area Optical Networks.

Components of a MAN. Metro. Service POP. Core. MAN Services. Access Services. Metro Optical Services. Service POP Services. Core Services. MAON Physical Topologies. Four Key Service Traffic Patterns. Service Offerings and Opportunities. Corporate Network RequirementsService Technologies. Summary. Review Questions.



2. Voice History.

A Short History of Voice and Data Transmission. Digital Hierarchy. Developing a Digital Hierarchy Outside the United States. Expanding the Digital Hierarchy. Summary. Review Questions.



3. SONET Overview.

SONET and SDH Overview. SONET Development and Fundamentals. SONET Advantages. Single-Step Multiplexing. Access to Low-level Signal Directly. Carry Existing DS1, DS3, ATM, and Packet Traffic. Synchronous Timing to Eliminate Bit Stuffing. Allow Transmission of Data at Higher Speeds. SONET Layers. Photonic Layer. Section Layer. Line Layer. Path Layer. SONET Framing. Section Overhead. Line Overhead. Path Overhead. SONET Network Elements. Terminal Multiplexer. Add/Drop Multiplexers. Regenerators or Amplifiers. Digital Cross-Connects. SONET DCS. Digital Loop Carriers. Drop and Continue. SONET Topologies. Point-to-Point Topology. Point-to-Multipoint/Linear Topology. Mesh Topology. Ring Topology. Automatic Protection Switching. Path-Protected Mesh Network. Cisco BLSR Ring Enhancements. SONET Alarms. Error-Causing Events. Error Event Propagation. Performance Event Collection. SONET Management. Cisco SONET Enhancements. SONET Network Element Management. Cisco UPSR Ring Enhancements. Summary. Review Questions.



4. ONS 15454 and ONS 15327 Optical Platforms.

Choosing a Cisco Metro-Area Network Platform. Cisco ONS 15454 Optical Platform. Control Cards. Electrical Cards. Optical Cards. Ethernet Cards. Cisco ONS 15327 Platform. Common Control and Electrical Cards. Optical and Ethernet Cards. Cisco Transport Controller. Summary. Review Questions.



5. Configuring ONS 15454 and ONS 15327.

Initial Configuration of the Cisco ONS 15454 and 15327. Troubleshooting CTC. Entering Basic Node Information. General Subtab. Network Subtab. Security Subtab. Protection Subtab. Configuring SONET Timing. Timing in Linear Networks. Timing in Metro Rings. Ring Synchronization. Timing Subtab. Activating Cards. Ring Configurations. Two-Fiber BLSR Architecture. Four-Fiber BLSR Architecture. Creating UPSR Rings Through the SONET DCC Subtab. Verifying a UPSR Ring Configuration. Creating Two-Fiber BLSR Rings. Provisioning the BLSR. Verifying a BLSR Ring Configuration. Four-Fiber BLSR Ring. Summary. Review Questions.



6. Metro Ethernet Services.

Market Drivers for Metropolitan Ethernet. Metropolitan Ethernet Market Drivers. Metro Ethernet Architectures. Customer Premises Equipment. POP Interconnect. Transporting Metro Ethernet. Ethernet over SONET. Ethernet over DWDM. Point-to-Point Dedicated Metro Ethernet Circuits. Point-to-Multipoint Shared/Shared Packet Ring. Quality of Service. ONS 15454 and ONS 15327 Metro Ethernet Blades. Summary. Review Questions.



7. Configuring Metro Ethernet.

Configuring Metro Ethernet Circuits. Step 1: Card Mode Configuration. Step 2: Configuring Port Options. Step 3: VLAN Configuration. Step 4: Creating Circuits. Step 5: Circuit Verification. Troubleshooting Metro Ethernet Connectivity. Summary. Review Questions.



8. Implementing DWDM in Metropolitan-Area Networks.

Challenges in the Metro-Area Network. Multiplexing Optical Signals. The Technology Behind DWDM. DWDM Components. DWDM Optical Limitations. Cisco DWDM Equipment. OC-48 ELR ITU Optics. Cisco ONS 15216 Filters (200-GHz Spacing). Planning an Optical System Using Cisco Equipment. Span-Loss Calculation. Building a DWDM Infrastructure. DWDM Network Requirements. Provisioning the OC-48 ELR ITU Optics Card. Summary. Review Questions.



9. Packet over SONET.

Evolution of Voice and Data Networks. Applications for PoS. ATM and PoS. PoS Transport. Multiaccess Protocol over SONET. Packet over SONET Operation and Specifications. High-Order Containment. Payload Scrambling. PoS Efficiencies. PoS Network Designs. One Router. Two Routers. PoS Protection Schemes. PoS Convergence. Flapping. Load Balancing. Alarms and PoS. Summary. Review Questions.



10. Configuring Packet over SONET.

Cisco 12000 Series PoS Line Cards. Cisco PoS Line Card Features. Packet over SONET Physical Fiber Configuration. Configuring PoS Interfaces. Accessing the PoS Interface. IP Address. Encapsulation. Framing. Payload Scrambling. CRC. Clocking. PoS ais-shut Command. Alarm Thresholds. Sample PoS Interface Configurations. PoS Configuration Without Protection. PoS Configuration with APS Protection. PoS show Commands. show controllers pos Command. show protocols pos Command. show interfaces pos Command. show aps Command. Verifying the PoS Configuration Using ping. Physical Interface Loopbacks. Summary. Review Questions.



11. Dynamic Packet Transport.

Background Information. IP+Optical Concepts. DPT: An Efficient MAN Solution. Internetworking with SONET. DPT in Campus and MAN Environments. SRP. SRP Protection. SRP Packets. DPT Rings. SRP Ring Selection. Ethernet and the DPT Ring. Automatic Configuration of DPT Rings. DPT Quality of Service. SRP Fairness Algorithm (SRP-fa). SRP-fa Monitoring. Maintaining Network Reliability. Automatic Reconfiguration and Rerouting. Node States and Ring Operation. Summary. Review Questions.



12. Configuring Dynamic Packet Transport.

Reviewing the Cisco DPT Platforms. Metro IP Access Ring with DPT. DPT Configuration. Verifying and Troubleshooting DPT. DPT show Commands. show interfaces srp Command. show srp Command. show version Command. show diag Command. show controllers srp Command. show srp topology Command. DPT debug Commands. debug srp protocol error Command. debug srp ips Command. debug srp nodename Command. debug srp packet Command. debug srp periodic activity Command. debug srp topology Command. DPT over an ONS 15454/15327 SONET Ring. ONS 15454 and 15327 DPT Circuit Provisioning. Summary. Review Questions.



13. Metro Optical Case Studies.

Steps for Developing a Metro Optical Solution. Customer Requirements. Component Manufacturers. System Manufacturers. Fiber Manufacturers. Service Providers. Physical Technical Specifications. Fiber-Loss Variables. Fiber-Loss Information for ONS 15216 and 15454 Products. ONS 15216 Product Specifications. ONS 15216 DWDM Filters. ONS 15454 Line Cards. Power Conversion (Aggregate to Per Channel). Power-Conversion Examples (Aggregate to Per Channel). Exercises. Exercise Formulas. Exercise 1. Exercise 2. Exercise 3. Case Study 1: SPR Enterprises. Phase 1: Identify Requirements. Phase 2: Identify Options. Phase 3: Design Solution. Phase 4: Create a Solution Summary. Case Study 1 Solution: SPR Enterprises. Case Study 2: FC Enterprises. Phase 1: Identify Requirements. Phase 2: Identify Options. Phase 3: Design Solution. Phase 4: Create a Solution Summary. Case Study 2 Solution: FC Enterprises. Objective. Solution.



Answers to Review Questions.

商品描述(中文翻譯)

計劃、設計和配置高速光纖網路

涵蓋內容包括：
- 配置 ONS 15454 和 ONS 15327 平台
- 建立都會以太網透明 LAN 服務 (TLS) 的架構
- 封包在 SONET (PoS) 網路的設計、配置和驗證
- 密集波長分割多工 (DWDM) 的內部運作，包括與 ONS 15216 產品系列的可操作性
- 動態封包傳輸 (DPT) 的原則
- SONET 背景，包括結構、組件和網路設計
- 額外案例研究，挑戰您選擇設備並設計都會光學網路

光纖網路相較於傳統有線和無線網路有幾個顯著優勢：光信號的傳輸距離遠超過電信號，更加安全，對電磁干擾具有抵抗力，並且有潛力提供每秒數千億位元組的帶寬 (1000 Gbps)。

服務提供商必須滿足客戶日益增加的網路需求，同時將成本保持在最低。光學網路必須應對支持多種傳輸類型的挑戰，包括語音、視頻和數據流量。儘管時分多工 (TDM) 為服務提供了增長路徑，但其限制性較 IP + 光學策略，如 Cisco 動態封包傳輸 (彈性封包環)。Cisco Systems® 的端到端 IP + 光學網路策略提供了一個智能的融合網路，光學基礎設施可以充分發揮其潛力。

雖然大多數參考書籍專注於 SONET 和光學基礎設施的理論，但《Cisco 自學：建立 Cisco 都會光學網路 (METRO)》專注於規劃和配置涉及 SONET、DWDM、都會以太網、封包在 SONET 和動態封包傳輸 (彈性封包環) 的光學網路的實際應用。

《Cisco 自學：建立 Cisco 都會光學網路 (METRO)》是 Cisco Systems 推薦的學習路徑的一部分，該路徑可以包括來自授權 Cisco 學習夥伴的模擬和實作訓練，以及來自 Cisco Press 的自學產品。要了解更多有關授權 Cisco 學習夥伴在全球提供的講師主導訓練、電子學習和實作教學的資訊，請訪問 www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining。

本書是 Cisco Press 提供的認證自學系列的一部分。該系列的書籍提供官方開發的訓練解決方案，幫助網路專業人員理解技術實施並為 Cisco 職業認證考試做準備。

目錄

引言。

1. 都會區光學網路。

都會區網路的組件。都會。服務 POP。核心。都會區服務。接入服務。都會光學服務。服務 POP 服務。核心服務。MAON 物理拓撲。四種關鍵服務流量模式。服務提供和機會。企業網路需求服務技術。摘要。複習問題。

2. 語音歷史。

語音和數據傳輸的簡短歷史。數位層級。在美國以外發展數位層級。擴展數位層級。摘要。複習問題。

3. SONET 概述。

SONET 和 SDH 概述。SONET 的發展和基本原則。SONET 的優勢。單步多工。直接訪問低級信號。承載現有的 DS1、DS3、ATM 和封包流量。同步定時以消除位元填充。允許以更高速度傳輸數據。SONET 層。光子層。區段層。線路層。路徑層。SONET 框架。區段開銷。線路開銷。路徑開銷。SONET 網路元素。終端多工器。增減多工器。再生器或放大器。數位交叉連接。SONET DCS。數位迴路承載器。丟棄並繼續。SONET 拓撲。點對點拓撲。點對多點/線性拓撲。網狀拓撲。環形拓撲。自動保護切換。路徑保護網狀網路。Cisco BLSR 環形增強。SONET 警報。錯誤引起的事件。錯誤事件傳播。性能事件收集。SONET 管理。Cisco SONET 增強。SONET 網路元素管理。Cisco UPSR 環形增強。摘要。複習問題。

4. ONS 15454 和 ONS 15327 光學平台。

選擇 Cisco 都會區網路平台。Cisco ONS 15454 光學平台。控制卡。電氣卡。光學卡。以太網卡。Cisco ONS 15327 平台。通用控制和電氣卡。光學和以太網卡。Cisco 傳輸控制器。摘要。複習問題。

5. 配置 ONS 15454 和 ONS 15327。

Cisco ONS 15454 和 15327 的初始配置。故障排除 CTC。輸入基本節點資訊。一般子標籤。網路子標籤。安全子標籤。保護子標籤。配置 SONET 定時。線性網路中的定時。都會環中的定時。環同步。定時子標籤。啟用卡片。環配置。雙纖 BLSR 架構。四纖 BLSR 架構。通過 SONET DCC 子標籤創建 UPSR 環。驗證 UPSR 環配置。創建雙纖 BLSR 環。配置 BLSR。驗證 BLSR 環配置。四纖 BLSR 環。摘要。複習問題。

6. 都會以太網服務。

都會以太網的市場驅動因素。都會以太網市場驅動因素。都會以太網架構。客戶端設備。POP 互連。傳輸都會以太網。SONET 上的以太網。DWDM 上的以太網。點對點專用都會以太網電路。點對多點共享/共享封包環。服務質量。ONS 15454 和 ONS 15327 都會以太網刀片。摘要。複習問題。

7. 配置都會以太網。

配置都會以太網電路。步驟 1：卡片模式配置。步驟 2：配置端口選項。步驟 3：VLAN 配置。步驟 4：創建電路。步驟 5：電路驗證。故障排除都會以太網連接。摘要。複習問題。

8. 在都會區網路中實施 DWDM。

都會區網路中的挑戰。多工光信號。DWDM 背後的技術。DWDM 組件。DWDM 光學限制。Cisco DWDM 設備。OC-48 ELR ITU 光學。Cisco ONS 15216 濾波器 (200-GHz 間隔)。使用 Cisco 設備規劃光學系統。跨度損失計算。建立 DWDM 基礎設施。DWDM 網路需求。配置 OC-48 ELR ITU 光學卡。摘要。複習問題。

9. 封包在 SONET。

語音和數據網路的演變。PoS 的應用。ATM 和 PoS。PoS 傳輸。SONET 上的多接入協議。封包在 SONET 的操作和規範。高階封裝。有效負載混淆。PoS 效率。PoS 網路設計。一個路由器。兩個路由器。PoS 保護方案。PoS 收斂。顫動。負載平衡。警報和 PoS。摘要。複習問題。

10. 配置封包在 SONET。

Cisco 12000 系列 PoS 線卡。Cisco PoS 線卡特性。封包在 SONET 的物理纖維配置。配置 PoS 接口。訪問 PoS 接口。IP 地址。封裝。框架。有效負載混淆。CRC。時鐘。PoS ais-shut 命令。警報閾值。示例 PoS 接口配置。無保護的 PoS 配置。帶有 APS 保護的 PoS 配置。PoS 顯示命令。show controllers pos 命令。show protocols pos 命令。show interfaces pos 命令。show aps 命令。使用 ping 驗證 PoS 配置。物理接口迴路回路。摘要。複習問題。

11. 動態封包傳輸。

背景資訊。IP+光學概念。DPT：高效的 MAN 解決方案。與 SONET 的互聯。DPT 在校園和 MAN 環境中的應用。SRP。SRP 保護。SRP 封包。DPT 環。SRP 環選擇。以太網和 DPT 環。DPT 環的自動配置。DPT 服務質量。SRP 公平算法 (SRP-fa)。SRP-fa 監控。維護網路可靠性。自動重新配置和重新路由。節點狀態和環操作。摘要。複習問題。

12. 配置動態封包傳輸。

回顧 Cisco DPT 平台。帶有 DPT 的都會 IP 接入環。DPT 配置。驗證和故障排除 DPT。DPT 顯示命令。show interfaces srp 命令。show srp 命令。show version 命令。show diag 命令。show controllers srp 命令。show srp topology 命令。DPT 調試命令。debug srp protocol error 命令。debug srp ips 命令。debug srp nodename 命令。debug srp packet 命令。debug srp periodic activity 命令。debug srp topology 命令。DPT 在 ONS 15454/15327 SONET 環上。ONS 15454 和 15327 DPT 電路配置。摘要。複習問題。

13. 都會光學案例研究。

開發都會光學解決方案的步驟。客戶需求。組件製造商。系統製造商。纖維製造商。服務提供商。物理技術規格。纖維損失變數。ONS 15216 和 15454 產品的纖維損失資訊。ONS 15216 產品規格。ONS 15216 DWDM 濾波器。ONS 15454 線卡。功率轉換（總計到每通道）。功率轉換示例（總計到每通道）。練習。練習公式。練習 1。練習 2。練習 3。案例研究 1：SPR 企業。第 1 階段：識別需求。第 2 階段：識別選項。第 3 階段：設計解決方案。第 4 階段：創建解決方案摘要。案例研究 1 解決方案：SPR 企業。案例研究 2：FC 企業。第 1 階段：識別需求。第 2 階段：識別選項。第 3 階段：設計解決方案。第 4 階段：創建解決方案摘要。案例研究 2 解決方案：FC 企業。目標。解決方案。

複習問題的答案。

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