Programming C# 8.0: Build Windows, Web, and Desktop Applications (Paperback)
暫譯: C# 8.0 程式設計：構建 Windows、Web 和桌面應用程式 (平裝本)

C# 無疑是當今工程師可用的最具多樣性的程式語言之一。透過這本全面的指南，您將學習到 C# 與 .NET 組合的強大之處。作者 Ian Griffiths 將引導您了解 C# 8.0 的基本概念，並教授您構建網頁和桌面應用程式的技術。

這本書專為有經驗的程式設計師設計，提供了許多程式碼範例，幫助您深入了解 C# 程式碼的細節，例如泛型、動態類型、可為空的參考類型以及非同步程式設計特性。您還將快速掌握 ASP.NET、LINQ 及其他 .NET 工具。

Ian Griffiths is a C# and WPF instructor with Pluralsight, the coauthor of Programming WPF (O'Reilly Media), and a widely recognized expert on the subject. Ian is a Technical Fellow at technology consultancy firm Endjin. He holds a degree in Computer Science from Cambridge University.

伊恩·格里菲斯（Ian Griffiths）是 Pluralsight 的 C# 和 WPF 講師，也是《Programming WPF》（O'Reilly Media）的共同作者，並且是該領域廣受認可的專家。伊恩是技術顧問公司 Endjin 的技術研究員。他擁有劍橋大學的計算機科學學位。

How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
1. Introducing C#
Why C#?
C#’s Defining Features
Managed Code and the CLR
Prefer Generality to Specialization
C# Standards and Implementations
Many Microsoft .NETs (Temporarily)
Targeting Multiple .NET Versions with .NET Standard
Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code
Anatomy of a Simple Program
Adding a Project to an Existing Solution
Referencing One Project from Another
Referencing External Libraries
Writing a Unit Test
Namespaces
Classes
Program Entry Point
Unit Tests
Summary

2. Basic Coding in C#
Local Variables
Scope
Statements and Expressions
Statements
Expressions
Comments and Whitespace
Preprocessing Directives
Compilation Symbols
#error and #warning
#line
#pragma
#nullable
#region and #endregion
Fundamental Data Types
Numeric Types
Booleans
Strings and Characters
Tuples
Dynamic
Object
Operators
Flow Control
Boolean Decisions with if Statements
Multiple Choice with switch Statements
Loops: while and do
C-Style for Loops
Collection Iteration with foreach Loops
Patterns
Getting More Specific with when
Patterns in Expressions
Summary

3. Types
Classes
Static Members
Static Classes
Reference Types
Structs
When to Write a Value Type
Guaranteeing Immutability
Members
Fields
Constructors
Deconstructors
Methods
Properties
Indexers
Initializer Syntax
Operators
Events
Nested Types
Interfaces
Default Interface Implementation
Enums
Other Types
Anonymous Types
Partial Types and Methods
Summary

4. Generics
Generic Types
Constraints
Type Constraints
Reference Type Constraints
Value Type Constraints
Value Types All the Way Down with Unmanaged Constraints
Not Null Constraints
Other Special Type Constraints
Multiple Constraints
Zero-Like Values
Generic Methods
Type Inference
Generics and Tuples
Inside Generics
Summary

5. Collections
Arrays
Array Initialization
Searching and Sorting
Multidimensional Arrays
Copying and Resizing
List<T>
List and Sequence Interfaces
Implementing Lists and Sequences
Implementing IEnumerable<T> with Iterators
Collection<T>
ReadOnlyCollection<T>
Addressing Elements with Index and Range Syntax
System.Index
System.Range
Supporting Index and Range in Your Own Types
Dictionaries
Sorted Dictionaries
Sets
Queues and Stacks
Linked Lists
Concurrent Collections
Immutable Collections
ImmutableArray<T>
Summary

6. Inheritance
Inheritance and Conversions
Interface Inheritance
Generics
Covariance and Contravariance
System.Object
The Ubiquitous Methods of System.Object
Accessibility and Inheritance
Virtual Methods
Abstract Methods
Inheritance and Library Versioning
Sealed Methods and Classes
Accessing Base Members
Inheritance and Construction
Special Base Types
Summary

7. Object Lifetime
Garbage Collection
Determining Reachability
Accidentally Defeating the Garbage Collector
Weak References
Reclaiming Memory
Garbage Collector Modes
Temporarily Suspending Garbage Collections
Accidentally Defeating Compaction
Forcing Garbage Collections
Destructors and Finalization
IDisposable
Optional Disposal
Boxing
Boxing Nullable<T>
Summary

8. Exceptions
Exception Sources
Exceptions from APIs
Failures Detected by the Runtime
Handling Exceptions
Exception Objects
Multiple catch Blocks
Exception Filters
Nested try Blocks
finally Blocks
Throwing Exceptions
Rethrowing Exceptions
Failing Fast
Exception Types
Custom Exceptions
Unhandled Exceptions
Summary

9. Delegates, Lambdas, and Events
Delegate Types
Creating a Delegate
Multicast Delegates
Invoking a Delegate
Common Delegate Types
Type Compatibility
Behind the Syntax
Anonymous Functions
Captured Variables
Lambdas and Expression Trees
Events
Standard Event Delegate Pattern
Custom Add and Remove Methods
Events and the Garbage Collector
Events Versus Delegates
Delegates Versus Interfaces
Summary

10. LINQ
Query Expressions
How Query Expressions Expand
Supporting Query Expressions
Deferred Evaluation
LINQ, Generics, and IQueryable<T>
Standard LINQ Operators
Filtering
Select
SelectMany
Ordering
Containment Tests
Specific Items and Subranges
Aggregation
Set Operations
Whole-Sequence, Order-Preserving Operations
Grouping
Joins
Conversion
Sequence Generation
Other LINQ Implementations
Entity Framework
Parallel LINQ (PLINQ)
LINQ to XML
Reactive Extensions
Tx (LINQ to Logs and Traces)
Summary

11. Reactive Extensions
Fundamental Interfaces
IObserver<T>
IObservable<T>
Publishing and Subscribing with Delegates
Creating an Observable Source with Delegates
Subscribing to an Observable Source with Delegates
Sequence Builders
Empty
Never
Return
Throw
Range
Repeat
Generate
LINQ Queries
Grouping Operators
Join Operators
SelectMany Operator
Aggregation and Other Single-Value Operators
Concat Operator
Rx Query Operators
Merge
Windowing Operators
The Scan Operator
The Amb Operator
DistinctUntilChanged
Schedulers
Specifying Schedulers
Built-in Schedulers
Subjects
Subject<T>
BehaviorSubject<T>
ReplaySubject<T>
AsyncSubject<T>
Adaptation
IEnumerable<T> and IAsyncEnumerable<T>
.NET Events
Asynchronous APIs
Timed Operations
Interval
Timer
Timestamp
TimeInterval
Throttle
Sample
Timeout
Windowing Operators
Delay
DelaySubscription
Summary

12. Assemblies
Anatomy of an Assembly
.NET Metadata
Resources
Multifile Assemblies
Other PE Features
Type Identity
Loading Assemblies
Assembly Resolution
Explicit Loading
Isolation and Plugins with AssemblyLoadContext
Assembly Names
Strong Names
Version
Culture
Protection
Summary

13. Reflection
Reflection Types
Assembly
Module
MemberInfo
Type and TypeInfo
MethodBase, ConstructorInfo, and MethodInfo
ParameterInfo
FieldInfo
PropertyInfo
EventInfo
Reflection Contexts
Summary

14. Attributes
Applying Attributes
Attribute Targets
Compiler-Handled Attributes
CLR-Handled Attributes
Defining and Consuming Attributes
Attribute Types
Retrieving Attributes
Summary

15. Files and Streams
The Stream Class
Position and Seeking
Flushing
Copying
Length
Disposal
Asynchronous Operation
Concrete Stream Types
One Type, Many Behaviors
Text-Oriented Types
TextReader and TextWriter
Concrete Reader and Writer Types
Encoding
Files and Directories
FileStream Class
File Class
Directory Class
Path Class
FileInfo, DirectoryInfo, and FileSystemInfo
Known Folders
Serialization
BinaryReader, BinaryWriter, and BinaryPrimitives
CLR Serialization
JSON.NET
Summary

16. Multithreading
Threads
Threads, Variables, and Shared State
The Thread Class
The Thread Pool
Thread Affinity and SynchronizationContext
Synchronization
Monitors and the lock Keyword
SpinLock
Reader/Writer Locks
Event Objects
Barrier
CountdownEvent
Semaphores
Mutex
Interlocked
Lazy Initialization
Other Class Library Concurrency Support
Tasks
The Task and Task<T> Classes
Continuations
Schedulers
Error Handling
Custom Threadless Tasks
Parent/Child Relationships
Composite Tasks
Other Asynchronous Patterns
Cancellation
Parallelism
The Parallel Class
Parallel LINQ
TPL Dataflow
Summary

17. Asynchronous Language Features
Asynchronous Keywords: async and await
Execution and Synchronization Contexts
Multiple Operations and Loops
Returning a Task
Applying async to Nested Methods
The await Pattern
Error Handling
Validating Arguments
Singular and Multiple Exceptions
Concurrent Operations and Missed Exceptions
Summary

18. Memory Efficiency
(Don’t) Copy That
Representing Sequential Elements with Span<T>
Utility Methods
Stack Only
Representing Sequential Elements with Memory<T>
ReadOnlySequence<T>
Processing Data Streams with Pipelines
Processing JSON in ASP.NET Core
Summary
Index

How to Contact Us

Acknowledgments

1. Introducing C#

Why C#?

C#’s Defining Features

Managed Code and the CLR

Prefer Generality to Specialization

C# Standards and Implementations

Many Microsoft .NETs (Temporarily)

Targeting Multiple .NET Versions with .NET Standard

Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code

Anatomy of a Simple Program

Adding a Project to an Existing Solution

Referencing One Project from Another

Referencing External Libraries

Writing a Unit Test

Namespaces

Classes

Program Entry Point

Unit Tests

Summary

2. Basic Coding in C#

Local Variables

Scope

Statements and Expressions

Statements

Expressions

Comments and Whitespace

Preprocessing Directives

Compilation Symbols

#error and #warning

#line

#pragma

#nullable

#region and #endregion

Fundamental Data Types

Numeric Types

Booleans

Strings and Characters

Tuples

Dynamic

Object

Operators

Flow Control

Boolean Decisions with if Statements

Multiple Choice with switch Statements

Loops: while and do

C-Style for Loops

Collection Iteration with foreach Loops

Patterns

Getting More Specific with when

Patterns in Expressions

Summary

3. Types

Classes

Static Members

Static Classes

Reference Types

Structs

When to Write a Value Type

Guaranteeing Immutability

Members

Fields

Constructors

Deconstructors

Methods

Properties

Indexers

Initializer Syntax

Operators

Events

Nested Types

Interfaces

Default Interface Implementation

Enums

Other Types

Anonymous Types

Partial Types and Methods

Summary

4. Generics

Generic Types

Constraints

Type Constraints

Reference Type Constraints

Value Type Constraints

Value Types All the Way Down with Unmanaged Constraints

Not Null Constraints

Other Special Type Constraints

Multiple Constraints

Zero-Like Values

Generic Methods

Type Inference

Generics and Tuples

Inside Generics

Summary

5. Collections

Arrays

Array Initialization

Searching and Sorting

Multidimensional Arrays

Copying and Resizing

List<T>

List and Sequence Interfaces

Implementing Lists and Sequences

Implementing IEnumerable<T> with Iterators

Collection<T>

ReadOnlyCollection<T>

Addressing Elements with Index and Range Syntax

System.Index

System.Range

Supporting Index and Range in Your Own Types

Dictionaries

Sorted Dictionaries

Sets

Queues and Stacks

Linked Lists

Concurrent Collections

Immutable Collections

ImmutableArray<T>

Summary

6. Inheritance

Inheritance and Conversions

Interface Inheritance

Generics

Covariance and Contravariance

System.Object

The Ubiquitous Methods of System.Object

Accessibility and Inheritance

Virtual Methods

Abstract Methods

Inheritance and Library Versioning

Sealed Methods and Classes

Accessing Base Members

Inheritance and Construction

Special Base Types

Summary

7. Object Lifetime

Garbage Collection

Determining Reachability

Accidentally Defeating the Garbage Collector

Weak References

Reclaiming Memory

Garbage Collector Modes

Temporarily Suspending Garbage Collections

Accidentally Defeating Compaction

Forcing Garbage Collections

Destructors and Finalization

IDisposable

Optional Disposal

Boxing

Boxing Nullable<T>

Summary

8. Exceptions

Exception Sources

Exceptions from APIs

Failures Detected by the Runtime

Handling Exceptions

Exception Objects

Multiple catch Blocks

Exception Filters

Nested try Blocks

finally Blocks

Throwing Exceptions

Rethrowing Exceptions

Failing Fast

Exception Types

Custom Exceptions

Unhandled Exceptions

Summary

9. Delegates, Lambdas, and Events

Delegate Types

Creating a Delegate

Multicast Delegates

Invoking a Delegate

Common Delegate Types

Type Compatibility

Behind the Syntax

Anonymous Functions

Captured Variables

Lambdas and Expression Trees

Events

Standard Event Delegate Pattern

Custom Add and Remove Methods

Events and the Garbage Collector

Events Versus Delegates

Delegates Versus Interfaces

Summary

10. LINQ

Query Expressions

How Query Expressions Expand

Supporting Query Expressions

Deferred Evaluation

LINQ, Generics, and IQueryable<T>

Standard LINQ Operators

Filtering

Select

SelectMany

Ordering

Containment Tests

Specific Items and Subranges

Aggregation

Set Operations

Whole-Sequence, Order-Preserving Operations

Grouping

Joins

Conversion

Sequence Generation

Other LINQ Implementations

Entity Framework

Parallel LINQ (PLINQ)

LINQ to XML

Reactive Extensions

Tx (LINQ to Logs and Traces)

Summary

11. Reactive Extensions

Fundamental Interfaces

IObserver<T>

IObservable<T>

Publishing and Subscribing with Delegates

Creating an Observable Source with Delegates

Subscribing to an Observable Source with Delegates

Sequence Builders

Empty

Never

Return

Throw

Range

Repeat

Generate

LINQ Queries

Grouping Operators

Join Operators

SelectMany Operator

Aggregation and Other Single-Value Operators

Concat Operator

Rx Query Operators

Merge

Windowing Operators

The Scan Operator

The Amb Operator

DistinctUntilChanged

Schedulers

Specifying Schedulers

Built-in Schedulers

Subjects

Subject<T>

BehaviorSubject<T>

ReplaySubject<T>

AsyncSubject<T>

Adaptation

IEnumerable<T> and IAsyncEnumerable<T>

.NET Events

Asynchronous APIs

Timed Operations

Interval

Timer

Timestamp

TimeInterval

Throttle

Sample

Timeout

Windowing Operators

Delay

DelaySubscription

Summary

12. Assemblies

Anatomy of an Assembly

.NET Metadata

Resources

Multifile Assemblies

Other PE Features

Type Identity

Loading Assemblies

Assembly Resolution

Explicit Loading

Isolation and Plugins with AssemblyLoadContext

Assembly Names

Strong Names

Version

Culture

Protection

Summary

13. Reflection

Reflection Types

Assembly

Module

MemberInfo

Type and TypeInfo

MethodBase, ConstructorInfo, and MethodInfo

ParameterInfo

FieldInfo

PropertyInfo

EventInfo

Reflection Contexts

Summary

14. Attributes

Applying Attributes

Attribute Targets

Compiler-Handled Attributes

CLR-Handled Attributes

Defining and Consuming Attributes

Attribute Types

Retrieving Attributes

Summary

15. Files and Streams

The Stream Class

Position and Seeking

Flushing

Copying

Length

Disposal

Asynchronous Operation

Concrete Stream Types

One Type, Many Behaviors

Text-Oriented Types

TextReader and TextWriter

Concrete Reader and Writer Types

Encoding

Files and Directories

FileStream Class

File Class

Directory Class

Path Class

FileInfo, DirectoryInfo, and FileSystemInfo

Known Folders

Serialization

BinaryReader, BinaryWriter, and BinaryPrimitives

CLR Serialization

JSON.NET

Summary

16. Multithreading

Threads

Threads, Variables, and Shared State

The Thread Class

The Thread Pool

Thread Affinity and SynchronizationContext

Synchronization

Monitors and the lock Keyword

SpinLock

Reader/Writer Locks

Event Objects

Barrier

CountdownEvent

Semaphores

Mutex

Interlocked

Lazy Initialization

Other Class Library Concurrency Support

Tasks

The Task and Task<T> Classes

Continuations

Schedulers

Error Handling

Custom Threadless Tasks

Parent/Child Relationships

Composite Tasks

Other Asynchronous Patterns

Cancellation

Parallelism

The Parallel Class

Parallel LINQ

TPL Dataflow

Summary

17. Asynchronous Language Features

Asynchronous Keywords: async and await

Execution and Synchronization Contexts

Multiple Operations and Loops

Returning a Task

Applying async to Nested Methods

The await Pattern

Error Handling

Validating Arguments

Singular and Multiple Exceptions

Concurrent Operations and Missed Exceptions

Summary

18. Memory Efficiency

(Don’t) Copy That

Representing Sequential Elements with Span<T>

Utility Methods

Stack Only

Representing Sequential Elements with Memory<T>

ReadOnlySequence<T>

Processing Data Streams with Pipelines

Processing JSON in ASP.NET Core

Summary

Index