Concise Handbook of Commercial Fluorocarbons and Fluoropolymers: Fluorinated Chemicals, Fluoropolymers and Fluorinated Coatings
暫譯: 商業氟碳化合物與氟聚合物簡明手冊:氟化化學品、氟聚合物與氟化塗層
Ebnesajjad, Sina
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商品描述
This book describes fluorocarbons gases' preparation process, properties, applications and their evolution over time. The impact of fluorocarbons on the ozone layer and global and the development to mitigate those effects have been specially emphasized.
The first major industrial fluorinated compound was developed in the 1920's, to replace ammonia and sulfur dioxide refrigerants, at the General Motors Frigidaire Division by Thomas Midgley, Jr. and Albert Leon Henne. They developed a family of fluorocarbons trademarked Freon(R) for auto air conditioning units revolutionizing the auto industry. Other applications were developed over time including fire extinguishers, propellants, blowing agents, cleaners, anesthesia, artificial blood and others impacting every facet of life.
In spite of being in broad global use for nearly a century, fluorocarbon gases have gone through great evolution during the last few decades. In the 1980s it was discovered chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases are harmful to the ozone layer, mainly because of their chlorine content. Chlorine was released in the upper atmosphere when chlorofluorocarbon molecules were broken down by the high energy cosmic radiation. CFCs were progressively banned following the Montreal Protocol of 1987.
CFCs were replaced by fluorinated gases containing either less chlorine (hydrofluoro-chlorocarbons, or HCFCs), which are much less damaging (about 90% less) to the ozone layer or with fluorinated gases containing no chlorine, i.e. hydrofluorocarbons or HFCs. HFC have no impact on the ozone layer but impact global warming detrimentally. HFCs are usable without need for changes to the existing refrigeration or air conditioning installations. More recently hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), which have little or no negative impact on global warming, have been developed to replace or reduce the use of HFCs. HFOs are used as single compounds or in blends. Research and development continues to develop and replace the HCFCs and HFCs completely with environmentally friendly products.
Concise Handbook of Fluorocarbon Gases presents a reference and text for the commercial fluorocarbon gases which have great many application in a wide range of industries such as refrigeration and air conditioning, as well as consumer products.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
這本書描述了氟碳氣體的製備過程、性質、應用及其隨時間的演變。特別強調了氟碳對臭氧層和全球的影響,以及減輕這些影響的發展。
第一個主要的工業氟化化合物是在1920年代由托馬斯·米德格利(Thomas Midgley, Jr.)和阿爾伯特·里昂·亨(Albert Leon Henne)在通用汽車的Frigidaire部門開發的,目的是取代氨和二氧化硫作為冷媒。他們開發了一系列商標為Freon(R)的氟碳,徹底改變了汽車行業。隨著時間的推移,還開發了其他應用,包括滅火器、推進劑、發泡劑、清潔劑、麻醉劑、人工血液等,影響了生活的各個方面。
儘管氟碳氣體在全球廣泛使用近一個世紀,但在過去幾十年中經歷了巨大的演變。在1980年代,發現氯氟碳(CFC)氣體對臭氧層有害,主要是因為其氯含量。當氯氟碳分子被高能宇宙輻射分解時,氯會釋放到高層大氣中。根據1987年的蒙特利爾議定書,CFC逐步被禁止。
CFC被含有較少氯的氟化氣體(氫氟氯碳化合物,或HCFC)所取代,這些氣體對臭氧層的損害大約減少90%,或者被不含氯的氟化氣體,即氫氟碳化合物(HFC)所取代。HFC對臭氧層沒有影響,但對全球暖化有不利影響。HFC可以在不需要改變現有冷卻或空調設備的情況下使用。最近,開發了氫氟烯(HFO),其對全球暖化的負面影響很小或沒有,旨在取代或減少HFC的使用。HFO可以作為單一化合物或混合物使用。研究和開發仍在繼續,旨在完全用環保產品取代HCFC和HFC。
《氟碳氣體簡明手冊》提供了商業氟碳氣體的參考和文本,這些氣體在冷卻和空調等廣泛行業以及消費品中有著廣泛的應用。