Intellectual Property Law For Engineers And Scientists
暫譯: 工程師與科學家的智慧財產權法
Howard B. Rockman
- 出版商: Wiley
- 出版日期: 2004-06-07
- 售價: $4,580
- 貴賓價: 9.5 折 $4,351
- 語言: 英文
- 頁數: 544
- 裝訂: Hardcover
- ISBN: 0471449989
- ISBN-13: 9780471449980
-
相關分類:
管理與領導 Management-leadership、資訊科學、Information-management
海外代購書籍(需單獨結帳)
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商品描述
Description:
" Today, IP is the currency of our new economy . "
–Forbes AsapProtect your intellectual property rights
Knowledge is power and nowhere is that more apparent than in today’s information-driven, high technology economy. Fueled by the growing demand for new and improved technology, engineers, scientists, and the companies that employ them and manage technology have a vested interest in protecting the wealth generated by their innovative ideas and inventions.
Addressing this growing need, Intellectual Property Law for Engineers and Scientists avoids difficult legal jargon to clearly explain the fundamentals of patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark, mask work, and unfair competition laws, as they apply to the scientific and engineering community. To motivate readers, each chapter begins with an inspirational essay on a famous inventor and invention.
This is the book to read before consulting a lawyer. The author, an experienced patent attorney, educator, and former patent examiner, provides valuable and easy-to-access legal information on a variety of common professional concerns, such as:
- Maintaining confidentiality in new employment contracts
- Obtaining software protection
- Applying for patents, trademarks, or copyrights
- Protecting against unfair competition
- Entering into contracts and employment agreements
- Strategic use and management of intellectual property
- The entrepreneurial use of intellectual property
Replete with sample forms of pertinent documents and helpful points to consider regarding all aspects of intellectual property, Intellectual Property Law for Engineers and Scientists provides valuable information every high-tech professional should read to protect themselves against potential loss or liability.
Table of Contents:
Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
Top Ten List of Intellectual Property Protection.
Eli Whitney.
1 Overview of Intellectual Property Law.
1.1 Defining “Intellectual Property”.
1.2 Specific Intellectual Property Vehicles.
1.2.1 Patents.
1.2.2 Trademarks and Service Marks.
1.2.3 Copyrights.
1.2.4 Trade Secrets.
1.2.5 Mask Works for Semiconductors.
1.3 Which Form of Intellectual Property Protection to Use?
Cyrus McCormick.
2 The Use of Intellectual Property in Business.
2.1 Introduction to Intellectual Property Strategies.
2.2 Objectives of Intellectual Property Management.
2.3 Sole Inventor in an Alien Field.
2.4 Strategic Development of Intellectual Property.
2.5 Disgorging Patentable Inventions.
2.6 Determining What and What Not to Patent.
2.6.1 Search Results.
2.6.2 Business Factors Determining Whether to Obtain Patent Protection.
2.7 Determining Who Would Be an Appropriate Licensee to Exploit Your Invention.
2.8 Drafting Strategic Patent Claims.
2.9 Determining Where to Obtain Patents.
2.10 Determining Other Industries Which May Benefit from a License.
2.11 Ensuring Your Product Does Not Violate the Patent Rights of Others.
2.12 Policing the Market for Potential Infringements of Your Patents
2.13 The Enforcement of Process Patent Claims Against an Importer of a Product Made Abroad.
2.14 Trimming the Intellectual Property Tree.
2.15 Essay on Innovation Management.
Charles Goodyear.
3 How to Read and Obtain Information from a Modern U.S. Patent.
3.1 Information Page.
3.2 Drawings.
3.3 Specification.
3.4 Claims.
3.5 Warning.
George Westinghouse.
4 Introduction to Patents.
4.1 Brief History of Patent Protection.
4.1.1 Early European Patent Custom.
4.1.2 British Patent System.
4.1.3 The U.S. Constitution and the Development of the Present U.S. Patent Examination System.
4.2 Types of Patent Coverage.
4.2.1 What Is a Patent?
4.2.2 Article or Apparatus Patents.
4.2.3 Method or Process Patents.
4.2.4 Design Patents.
4.2.5 Plant Patents.
4.2.6 New Technologies.
4.3 How to Determine What to Patent and What Not to Patent.
4.3.1 Broadly, What Can and Cannot Be Patented Under the Law.
4.3.2 From a Business Standpoint, What Should Be Patented.
4.4 Broadly, What Data Goes Into a Patent.
4.4.1 Describing the Background and Essential Elements of the Invention.
4.4.2 Claiming the Invention.
4.5 What a Patent Is Not.
4.6 Inventions Relating to Atomic Weapons.
4.7 The U.S. Government’s Right to Practice Your Patented Invention.
John Deere.
5 Patentable Subject Matter and Utility.
5.1 What Constitutes Patentable Subject Matter.
5.1.1 Categories of Patentable Subject Matter.
5.1.2 The Invention Must Be Useful and Work for Its Intended Purpose.
5.1.3 The Invention Must Be Novel Compared to the Prior Art.
5.1.4 The Invention Must Be Non-Obvious Compared to the Prior Art.
5.1.5 Brief Commentary on Recent Developments in Categories of Patentable Subject Matter.
5.2 Utility—The Invention Must Be Useful.
Alfred Nobel.
6 Novelty—The Invention Must Be New.
6.1 Statutory Requirements.
6.1.1 Time Limits for Filing a Patent Application 81
6.1.2 Prior Art Activities of the Inventor and Others That Can Defeat Patent Rights.
6.1.3 Prior Publications, U.S. and Foreign, as Prior Art.
6.2 Protecting Foreign Patent Rights.
6.3 Experimental Use Versus Actual Use of the Invention.
Louis Pasteur.
7 Requirement of Non-Obviousness for Patentability.
7.1 Development of the Standard of Non-Obviousness.
7.2 Historical Background.
7.3 Supreme Court Cases Predating the Section 103 Non-Obviousness Test.
7.3.1 Hotchkiss v. Greenwood, Supreme Court, 1850 94
7.3.2 Atlantic Works v. Brady, Supreme Court, 1882 94
7.3.3 Goodyear Rubber and Tire Company v. Ray-O-Vac Company, Supreme Court, 1944.
7.3.4 Cuno Engineering Corporation v. Automatic Devices Corporation, Supreme Court, 1941.
7.3.5 The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company v. Supermarket Equipment Corporation, Supreme Court, 1950.
7.4 The 1952 Patent Statute and the Case of Graham v. John Deere Company.
Alexander Graham Bell.
8 The Patenting Process.
8.1 Who May Obtain a Patent.
8.1.1 Inventorship and Ownership.
8.1.2 True Inventors Must Be Named.
8.2 Proper Documentation of the Invention.
8.2.1 Conception.
8.2.2 Reduction to Practice.
8.2.3 Witnesses.
8.3 The Invention Disclosure and Invention Disclosure Meeting.
8.3.1 Preparation of a Complete Description of the Invention, How the Invention Operates, and What Advantageous Results Are Obtained by the Invention.
8.3.2 Dates of First Public Disclosure, If Any, and What Was Disclosed.
8.3.3 Advantages of the Invention Over Known Devices/Processes.
8.3.4 What Prior Art Is the Inventor Aware of for Disclosure to the Patent Examiner.
8.3.5 Additional Matters Discussed During the Invention Disclosure Meeting Between the Inventor and the Patent Attorney.
8.3.6 Invention Disclosure Form.
Thomas Edison.
9 Novelty, Infringement, and Other Searches.
9.1 The Novelty Search.
9.2 Search Parameters.
9.3 Different Types of Searches.
9.3.1 Infringement Search.
9.3.2 State-of-the-Art Search.
9.3.3 Right to Use Search.
9.4 Database Searches.
9.4.1 U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Patent Classification System.
George Eastman.
10 Patent Application.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Registration System Evolving into an Examination System.
10.3 Goal of a Properly Prepared Patent Application.
10.4 Provisional Patent Applications.
10.5 Regular, Non-Provisional Patent Application.
10.6 Content of a Regular Patent Application.
10.6.1 Title of the Invention.
10.6.2 Cross-Reference to Other Applications.
10.6.3 Background of the Invention.
10.6.4 Brief Summary of the Important Elements of the Invention.
10.6.5 Brief Description of the Drawings Which Illustrate the Invention.
10.6.6 Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiment of the Invention.
10.6.7 Claims Distinctly and Precisely Pointing Out the Definition of the Invention.
10.6.8 The Abstract.
10.7 Your Review of Your Patent Application.
10.8 Execution of Declaration, Power of Attorney, and Assignment When Application Completed.
Ottmar Mergenthaler.
11 Claims of a Patent Application.
11.1 Introduction to Patent Claims.
11.2 Historical Development of Patent Claims.
11.2.1 Court Decisions.
11.2.2 1836 Patent Law.
11.3 What Claims Are.
11.4 Your Review of the Claims of Your Patent Application.
11.5 Distinguishing Different Types of Claims.
11.6 More on Method or Process Claims.
11.7 Composition of Matter Claims.
11.8 Design Patent Claim.
11.9 Dependent Claims.
11.10 How to Read and Understand Patent Claims Drafted by Your Patent Attorney.
11.10.1 Preamble.
11.10.2 Transition Phrase.
11.10.3 The Body of the Claim.
Nicolaus Otto.
Rudolf Diesel.
12 Prosecution of a Patent Application.
12.1 U.S. Patent Examination Process.
12.2 The Patent Examination System—A Little More History.
12.3 Filing the Patent Application With the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
12.4 Examination of the Patent Application.
12.5 Results of the Examination Are Reported in an “Office Action”.
12.6 Your and Your Attorney’s Response to the Office Action.
12.7 Further Patent Prosecution.
12.8 Issuance of the Patent.
12.9 Infringement During Dependency of the Patent.
12.10 Additional Probable Patent Prosecution Events.
12.10.1 Continuation Patent Applications.
12.10.2 Continuation-in-Part Patent Applications.
12.10.3 Divisional Patent Applications.
12.11 Re-Examination By the Applicant, the Infringer, or the Commissioner of Patents.
12.12 Re-Issue Patents.
Nikola Tesla.
13 Design Patents.
13.1 Coverage of Design Patents.
13.2 Infringement of a Design Patent.
13.3 Importance of Design Patents.
13.4 Examples of Design Patents.
13.5 Design Patents on Computer Screen Icons.
13.6 Design Patents Contrasted With Copyrights.
Herman Hollerith.
14 Protection of Computer-Related Inventions.
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Torturous Path Through the Courts.
14.2.1 Gottschalk v. Benson, 1972.
14.2.2 Diamond v. Diehr, 1981.
14.2.3 Arrhythmia v. Corazonix, 1992.
14.2.4 In re: Alappat, 1994.
14.2.5 The Guidelines.
14.2.6 The State Street “Finale”.
14.2.7 The “Mathematical Algorithm” Exception Analysis of State Street.
14.2.8 AT&T v. Excel Communications.
14.3 Proper Protection of Computer-Related Software.
14.3.1 How to Prepare a Proper Patent Application Covering Computer-Related Inventions.
14.3.2 Claims.
14.3.3 Determination of Whether a Computer-Related Invention Defines Patentable Subject Matter Under the Patent Laws.
14.3.4 Functional Descriptive Material: “Data Structures” Representing Descriptive Material per se or Computer Programs Representing Computer Listings per se.
14.3.5 Non-Functional Descriptive Material.
14.3.6 Natural Phenomena Such As Electricity and Magnetism.
14.4 Statutory Subject Matter.
14.4.1 Types of Claimed Subject Matter.
14.4.2 Safe Harbors.
14.4.3 Computer-Related Processes Limited to a Practical Application in the Technological Arts.
14.5 Preparing a Patent Application for the Computer-Related Invention.
14.5.1 Claims of the Patent Application of a Computer-Related.
Invention Must Set Forth the Subject Matter the Inventor Considers as the Invention.
14.5.2 Computer-Related Patent Application Must Contain an Adequate Written Description and an Enabling Disclosure.
14.6 The Computer-Related Invention Must Still Be Novel and Non-Obvious.
14.7 Computer Programming and a Sufficient Disclosure.
14.7.1 What Constitutes an Adequate Disclosure in Computer Programming Patent Applications.
14.7.2 Affidavit or Declaration Practice.
14.7.3 Referencing Prior Art Documents.
Hedy Lamarr.
15 Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions.
15.1 Development of Biotechnology.
15.2 The Supreme Court, the U.S. Patent Office, and Biotechnology Inventions.
15.3 DNA.
15.4 Science, Religion, and Living Organism Patents.
15.5 Examples of Biotechnology Patent Claims.
15.6 Enablement and Written Description Requirements in Biotechnology Patent Applications.
15.7 Biotechnology Industry and Patents.
15.8 Medical Procedures.
Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins.
16 Business Method Protection.
16.1 Business Methods Constitute Patentable Subject Matter.
16.2 Foreign Business Method and Software Patents.
16.3 Preparing a Proper Business Method Patent Application.
Wilbur and Orville Wright.
17 Foreign Patent Protection.
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Traditional System of Obtaining Foreign Patents.
17.3 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).
17.4 Broad Provisions of the Patent Cooperation Treaty.
17.5 National Patent Laws and the PCT: Differences and Alterations.
17.6 European Patent Convention (EPC).
17.7 Communications to Foreign Non-Attorney Patent Agent.
Robert Goddard.
18 Enforcement of the Patent Right.
18.1 Patent Clearance Process.
18.1.1 Infringement Search and the Non-Infringement Opinion Letter.
18.1.2 “Right-to-Use” or “Knock-Out” Search.
18.2 Attempt to Design Around a Patent; Most Infringers Do Not Slavishly Copy the Patented Invention.
18.3 Literal Infringement of a Patent Claim.
18.4 “Doctrine of Equivalents,” Where the Claim Is Not Literally Infringed.
18.4.1 How the Doctrine of Equivalents Works.
18.4.2 Limits on the Doctrine of Equivalents.
18.5 Defenses to a Charge of Infringement.
18.5.1 Non-Infringement.
18.5.2 Patent Invalidity.
18.5.3 Unenforceability of the Patent.
18.6 Penalties and Damages For Patent Infringement.
18.7 Marking the Patented Product with the Patent Number.
Charles Kettering.
19 Ownership and Transfer of Patent Rights.
19.1 Inventorship, Ownership, and Assignment of Patent Rights.
19.1.1 Patent Right as an Asset.
19.1.2 Initial Ownership of the Patent Right.
19.1.3 Shop Rights.
19.2 Patent Licensing.
19.2.1 Difference Between a Patent Assignment and License.
19.2.2 When to Think “License”.
19.2.3 Developing a Relationship With a Licensee.
19.2.4 Selection of an Appropriate Licensee.
19.2.5 Primary License Negotiation and Agreement Considerations.
19.2.6 Additional License Considerations.
19.2.7 Acts Causing Termination of the License.
19.2.8 Grant Back Clauses.
19.3 Conclusion.
Philo Farnsworth.
20 Employment Contracts and Non-Compete Restrictions.
20.1 Employment Contract Provisions Relating to Intellectual Property.
20.2 Ownership of Intellectual Property.
20.2.1 Inventions.
20.2.2 Copyrightable Works of Creative Authorship.
20.3 Confidentiality Agreements and Provisions.
20.4 Outside Information Received by the Employee or Employer.
20.5 Non-Compete Provisions.
20.6 Enforceability of a Non-Compete Agreement.
20.7 Inevitable Disclosure.
20.8 Form Agreements.
20.9 Consultants.
William Lear.
21 The Engineer and Scientist as Expert Witness; and Ethics.
21.1 The Engineer and Scientist as Expert Witness.
21.1.1 Need for Experts.
21.1.2 Expert Assistance by Engineers and Scientists in Complex Litigation.
21.1.3 Expert Depositions.
21.1.4 Deciding Whether You Can Provide the Requisite Expert Assistance.
21.1.5 Expert Witness Fees.
21.2 Ethics.
21.2.1 Professional Societies.
21.2.2 Code of Ethics.
21.2.3 Brief Comments Regarding the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics for Engineers.
21.2.4 Comparing the Law and Ethics.
21.2.5 Recruiting Practices.
Luther Burbank.
22 Copyrights as a Vehicle for Technology Protection.
22.1 Brief History of Copyright Law.
22.1.1 Pre-U.S. Constitution English Law.
22.1.2 U.S. Constitution and Statutes.
22.2 Nature of Copyrights.
22.2.1 What a Copyright Is, and Is Not.
22.2.2 Intangible Rights in a Work Embodied in a Tangible Medium.
22.2.3 Moral Rights.
22.2.4 Protecting the Balance Between the Public and the Author.
22.2.5 Requirements of Copyrightable Subject Matter.
22.3 Exclusive Rights.
22.4 Fair Use.
22.5 Infringement.
22.6 Notice.
22.7 Registration and Its Importance.
22.8 The Duration of Intangible Rights of Copyright.
22.9 Works For Hire.
22.10 Copyright Registration for Computer Programs.
22.10.1 Protecting Computer Programs That Do Not Contain Trade Secrets.
22.10.2 Computer Programs Containing Trade Secrets.
22.10.3 Screen Displays.
22.10.4 Patent, Copyright, and Trade Secret Protection in Computer Software.
22.10.5 Contracts and “Shrink-Wrap” Licenses.
22.11 Copyright Registration for Automated Databases.
22.12 Copyright Registration for Online Works.
22.12.1 Revisions and Updates.
22.12.2Databases.
22.12.3 Serials and Newsletters.
22.13 Architectural Works.
John Bardeen,Walter Brattain, and William Shockley.
23 The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (DMCA)—An Overview.
23.1 Purpose of the DMCA.
23.2 Circumvention of Technological Protection Measures.
23.2.1 General Approach.
23.2.2 Exceptions to the Prohibitions.
23.3 Copyright Management Information.
23.4 Remedies.
23.5 Additional Provisions of the DMCA.
23.6 Example of Potential Conflict.
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce.
24 Mask Work Protection.
24.1 Introduction.
24.2 The Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984.
24.3 Mask Works Generally.
24.4 Subject Matter of Mask Work Protection.
24.5 Ownership, Transfer, and Licensing of the Mask Work.
24.6 Duration of Protection.
24.7 Rights of Ownership in a Mask Work.
24.8 Limitations on Exclusive Rights, Reverse Engineering, and First Sale.
24.9 Mask Work Notice.
24.10 Infringement of Mask Work Protection Rights.
24.11 General Comments About Mask Work Protection.
Federico Faggin, Marcian Hoff, and Stanley Mazor.
25 Trade Secrets.
25.1 Introduction to Trade Secrets.
25.2 Development of Trade Secret Law.
25.3 Nature of a Trade Secret.
25.4 Definition of a “Trade Secret”.
25.5 Establishment of an Enforceable Trade Secret Right.
25.6 Even Threatened Trade Secret Theft Can Be Stopped.
25.7 Creating a Meaningful Trade Secret Protection Program.
25.8 Damages and Injunctions.
25.9 Confidence.
Stephen Wozniak.
26 Trademarks.
26.1 Origin of the Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks.
26.2 Trademark Adoption and Selection Process.
26.2.1 Creating a Trademark.
26.2.2 Screening or Narrowing Step.
26.2.3 Clearance Process for Determining the Availability of a Trademark for Your Use.
26.3 Filing For Registration of Your Trademark.
26.4 Protecting and Maintaining Your Trademark Registration.
26.5 Trademark Protection Outside of the United States.
26.6 Overview of the Madrid Protocol—The “International” Trademark.
Percy Julian.
27 Cybersquatting.
27.1 Trademark Venturi Caused by the Internet.
27.2 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
27.3 ICANN’s Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy.
Current Events.
Bibliography.
Index.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
描述：
「今天，IP是我們新經濟的貨幣。」
– Forbes Asap
保護您的智慧財產權
知識就是力量，這一點在當今以資訊為驅動的高科技經濟中尤為明顯。隨著對新技術和改進技術需求的增長，工程師、科學家以及雇用他們和管理技術的公司都有強烈的利益去保護由他們的創新想法和發明所產生的財富。
為了應對這一日益增長的需求，《工程師和科學家的智慧財產法》避免使用艱澀的法律術語，清晰地解釋專利、著作權、商業秘密、商標、掩模作品和不正當競爭法的基本原則，並說明其如何適用於科學和工程界。為了激勵讀者，每一章都以一位著名發明家和發明的啟發性文章開始。
這是您在諮詢律師之前必讀的書籍。作者是一位經驗豐富的專利律師、教育者和前專利審查員，提供了有價值且易於獲取的法律資訊，涵蓋各種常見的專業問題，例如：
- 在新雇用合同中保持保密
- 獲得軟體保護
- 申請專利、商標或著作權
- 防止不正當競爭
- 簽訂合同和雇用協議
- 智慧財產的戰略使用和管理
- 智慧財產的創業使用
《工程師和科學家的智慧財產法》充滿了相關文件的範本和有關智慧財產各方面的考慮要點，提供了每位高科技專業人士應該閱讀的有價值資訊，以保護自己免受潛在的損失或責任。
目錄：
前言
序言
致謝
智慧財產保護的十大要點
伊萊·惠特尼
1 智慧財產法概述
1.1 定義「智慧財產」
1.2 特定的智慧財產工具
1.2.1 專利
1.2.2 商標和服務標誌
1.2.3 著作權
1.2.4 商業秘密
1.2.5 半導體的掩模作品
1.3 使用哪種智慧財產保護形式？
賽勒斯·麥考密克
2 商業中的智慧財產使用
2.1 智慧財產策略介紹
2.2 智慧財產管理的目標
2.3 外星領域的唯一發明者
2.4 智慧財產的戰略發展
2.5 釋放可專利的發明
2.6 確定什麼應該和不應該專利
2.6.1 搜索結果
2.6.2 決定是否獲得專利保護的商業因素
2.7 確定誰是適合的被授權人以利用您的發明
2.8 起草戰略專利要求
2.9 確定在哪裡獲得專利
2.10 確定其他可能受益於許可的行業
2.11 確保您的產品不侵犯他人的專利權
2.12 監控市場以防止潛在的專利侵權
2.13 對進口國外產品的工藝專利要求的執行
2.14 削減智慧財產樹
2.15 創新管理的論文
查爾斯·古迪亞
3 如何閱讀和獲取現代美國專利的信息
3.1 信息頁
3.2 圖紙
3.3 規範
3.4 要求
3.5 警告
喬治·威斯汀豪斯
4 專利介紹
4.1 專利保護的簡史
4.1.1 早期歐洲專利習俗
4.1.2 英國專利制度
4.1.3 美國憲法與當前美國專利審查制度的發展
4.2 專利覆蓋的類型
4.2.1 什麼是專利？
4.2.2 文章或裝置專利
4.2.3 方法或工藝專利
4.2.4 設計專利
4.2.5 植物專利
4.2.6 新技術
4.3 如何確定什麼應該專利，什麼不應該專利
4.3.1 廣義上，法律下什麼可以和不可以專利
4.3.2 從商業角度看，什麼應該專利
4.4 廣義上，專利中包含什麼數據
4.4.1 描述發明的背景和基本要素
4.4.2 聲明發明
4.5 專利不是什麼
4.6 與原子武器相關的發明
4.7 美國政府對您專利發明的使用權
約翰·迪爾
5 可專利主題和實用性
5.1 什麼構成可專利主題
5.1.1 可專利主題的類別
5.1.2 發明必須對其預期目的有用且有效
5.1.3 發明必須相對於現有技術是新穎的
5.1.4 發明必須相對於現有技術是非顯而易見的
5.1.5 對可專利主題類別的近期發展的簡要評論
5.2 實用性—發明必須有用
阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾
6 新穎性—發明必須是新的
6.1 法定要求
6.1.1 提交專利申請的時間限制
6.1.2 發明者和其他人的先前活動可能會破壞專利權
6.1.3 先前的出版物，美國和外國，作為先前技術
6.2 保護外國專利權
6.3 實驗性使用與實際使用發明
路易·巴斯德
7 專利性的不顯而易見性要求
7.1 不顯而易見性標準的發展
7.2 歷史背景
7.3 最高法院在第103條不顯而易見性測試之前的案例
7.3.1 Hotchkiss v. Greenwood, 最高法院, 1850
7.3.2 Atlantic Works v. Brady, 最高法院, 1882
7.3.3 Goodyear Rubber and Tire Company v. Ray-O-Vac Company, 最高法院, 1944
7.3.4 Cuno Engineering Corporation v. Automatic Devices Corporation, 最高法院, 1941
7.3.5 The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company v. Supermarket Equipment Corporation, 最高法院, 1950
7.4 1952年專利法和Graham v. John Deere Company的案例
亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾
8 專利申請過程
8.1 誰可以獲得專利
8.1.1 發明權和所有權
8.1.2 必須命名真正的發明者
8.2 發明的正確文件
8.2.1 構思
8.2.2 實踐
8.2.3 證人
8.3 發明披露和發明披露會議
8.3.1 準備發明的完整描述、發明的運作方式以及發明所獲得的有利結果
8.3.2 首次公開披露的日期（如有）及披露的內容
8.3.3 發明相對於已知設備/過程的優勢
8.3.4 發明者在向專利審查員披露時所知的先前技術
8.3.5 在發明者與專利律師之間的發明披露會議中討論的其他事項
8.3.6 發明披露表格
托馬斯·愛迪生
9 新穎性、侵權和其他搜索
9.1 新穎性搜索
9.2 搜索參數
9.3 不同類型的搜索
9.3.1 侵權搜索
9.3.2 最先進技術搜索
