Broadband Optical Access Networks and Fiber-to-the-Home: Systems Technologies and Deployment Strategies
暫譯: 寬頻光纖接入網路與光纖到戶：系統技術與部署策略

Chinlon Lin

Broadband Optical Access Networks and Fiber-to-the-Home: Systems Technologies and Deployment Strategies
  • 出版商: Wiley
  • 出版日期: 2006-09-01
  • 定價: $1,680
  • 售價: 7.0 折 $1,176
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 334
  • 裝訂: Hardcover
  • ISBN: 0470094788
  • ISBN-13: 9780470094785
  • 相關分類: 光纖通訊 Fiber-optics、Computer-networks

    • 立即出貨 (庫存=1)

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商品描述

Description

Broadband Optical Access and Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) will provide the ultimate broadband service capabilities.

Compared with the currently well-deployed broadband access technologies of ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) and Cable Modems, optical broadband access with Fiber-to-the-User’s home will cater for much higher speed access for new services.

Broadband Optical Access Networks and Fiber-to-the-Home presents a comprehensive technical overview of key technologies and deployment strategies for optical broadband access networks and emerging new broadband services.  The authors discuss network design considerations, new services, deployment trends and operational experiences, while explaining the current situation and providing insights into future broadband access technologies and services.

Broadband Optical Access Networks and Fiber-to-the-Home:

  • Offers a comprehensive, up-to-date introduction to new developments in broadband access network technologies and services.
  • Examines the impact of research and development in photonics technologies on broadband access and FTTH.
  • Covers ADSL, VDSL with FTTC (Fiber-to-the-Curb), Cable Modem over HFC (Hybrid-Fiber Coax) and Gigabit Ethernet.
  • Discusses the roles of Broadband Wireless LAN and integrated FTTH/Wireless Broadband Access as well as Broadband Home Networks.
  • Provides a global view of broadband network development, presenting different technical and system deployment approaches and strategic considerations for comparison.
  • Gives insight into the worldwide broadband competition and the future of this technology.

Broadband Optical Access Networks and Fiber-to-the-Home will be an invaluable resource for engineers in research and development, network planners, business managers, consultants as well as analysts and educators for a better understanding of the future of broadband in the field of telecommunications, data communications, and broadband multimedia service industries.

 

Table of Contents

Foreword.

Preface and Overview.

Acronyms.

Contributors List.

1 Broadband Optical Access Technologies and FTTH Deployment in NTT.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 History of Optical Technology in Japan.

1.2.1 The First Research on Subscriber Optical Transmission Systems.

1.2.2 From Multi-Mode Fiber to Single-Mode Fiber.

1.2.3 Development of CT/RT System.

1.2.4 Moving Towards FTTH.

1.2.5 Optical Systems at Metal-Wire Costs.

1.2.6 Access Network Optical Upgrading Program.

1.3 Trends in Broadband Services.

1.3.1 Growth of Broadband Services in Japan.

1.3.2 Vision for a New Optical Generation.

1.4 Optical Access Technology Behind Broadband Services.

1.4.1 Optical Access Technology for Current Broadband Services.

1.4.2 Broadband Access Network Technology in the Future.

1.5 Conclusion.

References.

2 Today’s Broadband Fiber Access Technologies and Deployment.Considerations at SBC.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Fiber-to-the-Neighborhood (FTTX) Architecture.

2.2.1 FTTH Access Architecture.

2.2.2 FTTN Access Architecture.

2.3 ITU-T PON Standards.

2.3.1 ITU-T G.983 B-PON Standards Series.

2.3.2 ITU-T G.984 G-PON for Higher Speeds.

2.3.3 The Role of Standards in Interoperability.

2.4 PON Technology Background.

2.4.1 Upstream Bandwidth Assignment.

2.4.2 Ranging.

2.4.3 Splitters.

2.5 The SBC FTTH Network.

2.5.1 The Optical Fiber/Distribution Network.

2.5.2 FTTH ONTs.

2.5.3 SBC’s Mission Bay Trial.

2.6 SBC Fiber to the Node (FTTN) NETWORK.

2.7 The Home Network.

2.8 Motivating the New Network – IPTV.

Summary.

General References.

3 FTTH: The Swedish Perspective.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Contents.

3.3 Definitions.

3.3.1 Broadband Definition.

3.3.2 FTTH Definition.

3.3.3 Muni Net Definition.

3.3.4 Residential Area Network, Definition.

3.4 Background for the Swedish FTTH Boom.

3.5 The Swedish Broadband Market Today.

3.5.1 Broadband Penetration Compared to the OECD.

3.5.2 The Broadband Market and Access Technologies in Sweden.

3.5.3 Equipment Suppliers.

3.5.4 The Swedish Broadband Industry.

3.5.5 Collaboration Between Industry and Academia.

3.6 Open Networks Versus Vertical Integration.

3.6.1 The Open Network.

3.6.2 Functions When Operating Muni Nets.

3.6.3 Relationships and Monetary Flows in Muni Nets.

3.6.4 Open Networks Versus Vertical Integration.

3.7 Access Network Technologies.

3.7.1 PON Versus Point-to-Point Ethernet.

3.7.2 L2 Versus L3 Access Architectures.

3.8 Drivers, Services and Trends for the Future Broadband Networks.

3.8.1 Operators and Network Owners.

3.8.2 Authorities.

3.9 Description of Key Swedish FTTH Players.

3.9.1 PacketFront.

3.9.2 Ericsson.

3.9.3 TeliaSonera.

3.9.4 Svenska Bosta¨der in Va¨llingby: A Greenfield Deployment.

3.9.5 Stockholm and the Va¨llingby Model: A Brownfield Deployment.

3.10 Summary.

Acknowledgements.

References.

4 Broadband Access Networks and Services in Korea.

4.1 Changing Environments and FITL Plan.

4.2 FLC-A as the First Member of the FITL.

4.2.1 Services Considered.

4.2.2 Hardware Configuration.

4.2.3 Management System.

4.2.4 FLC-B an FLC-A Upgrade.

4.3 FLC-C.

4.3.1 Services Considered.

4.3.2 Hardware Configuration.

4.3.3 Operation Support System.

4.3.4 Multi-Vendor Interoperability.

4.3.5 FLC-C Experience.

4.4 Broadband Access-XDSL.

4.4.1 Environment.

4.4.2 Internet Services in Korea.

4.4.3 Competing Technologies.

4.4.4 Broadband Access Network.

4.4.5 Network Architectures and Protocol.

4.4.6 VDSL.

4.4.7 Services.

4.4.8 Interferences.

4.4.9 IP-VDSL.

4.4.10 Monumental Success of the XDSL.

4.5 Ethernet to the Home and WLAN.

4.5.1 Environments.

4.5.2 Metro Ethernet.

4.5.3 Wireless LAN.

4.6 B-PON (Broadband Passive Optical Networks).

4.6.1 Environments.

4.6.2 Management.

4.6.3 Legacy OSS Interfaces.

4.6.4 B-PON Deployment.

4.7 WDM-PON.

4.7.1 Next Generation Network.

4.7.2 Bandwidth.

4.7.3 QoS.

4.7.4 Design Concept.

4.7.5 WDM-PON System Based on ASE Injected FP-LD Scheme.

4.7.6 Demonstration of Triple Play Service by WDM-PON.

4.7.7 Now WDM-PON.

References.

5 Broadband Fiber-to-the-Home Technologies, Strategies, and Deployment Plan in Open Service Provider Networks: Project UTOPIA.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Municipal Perspective.

5.3 Operational Model: Open Service Provider NetworkTM.

5.4 Guiding Principles.

5.5 Technology Position: Physical Media.

5.6 Architecture Template: Outside Plant.

5.6.1 Type of Fiber.

5.6.2 Active Versus Passive.

5.6.3 Redundancy.

5.6.4 Fiber Strand Counts.

5.6.5 Optimal Fiber Aggregation.

5.6.6 Outside Plant Design.

5.6.7 The Distribution Network.

5.7 Architecture Template: Standards.

5.8 Architecture Template: Transport Layer Topology.

5.8.1 Reliability.

5.8.2 Traffic Management.

5.8.3 Scalable Bandwidth.

5.8.4 Plentiful Bandwidth.

5.8.5 Cost to Scale.

5.8.6 Architecture Template – Transport Layer Topology.

5.9 Network Technology: Technology and Vendor Selection.

5.10 Network Interfaces.

5.11 Network Operations: Capacity Management.

5.12 Conclusions.

References.

6 High-Speed FTTH Technologies in an Open Access Platform – the European MUSE Project.

6.1 Introduction.

6.1.1 A Different View of Networks.

6.1.2 Changing Architectures.

6.1.3 Future Applications and Service Requirements.

6.1.4 Network Convergence and Distribution of Intelligence.

6.1.5 Migration of Access Networks.

6.2 Fiber Access Networks.

6.2.1 Access Network Design.

6.2.2 Techno-Economic Modeling.

6.2.3 Fiber Access Topologies.

6.3 FTTX Technologies.

6.3.1 Improvement of Optical Access Multiplexers.

6.3.2 Future Deployment.

6.4 Conclusions.

References.

7 Residential Broadband PON (B-PON) Systems.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Brief History of ATM-Based PONS.

7.2.1 Original A-PON Standard and the Early Japanese Deployments.

7.2.2 Early Interoperability and the BellSouth Dunwoody Trial.

7.2.3 System Improvements: WDM, DBA, SUR.

7.3 Triple Play B-PON System Architecture.

7.3.1 System Overview of Triple-Play B-PON.

7.3.2 Optical Line Terminal.

7.3.3 Passive Optical Network (PON).

7.3.4 Optical Network Termination.

7.4 Evolution of Broadband Services.

7.4.1 Voice: from AAL2 to VOIP.

7.4.2 Video: from Analog to QAM to IP.

7.4.3 Data: Ethernet to Everything.

7.5 FTTP Economics.

7.5.1 Competing Broadband Access Technologies.

7.5.2 New Build Applications.

7.5.3 Rehabilitation Application.

7.5.4 Overbuild Applications.

7.6 FTTP Deployment Practical Considerations.

7.6.1 Outside Plant Construction.

7.6.2 ONU and Powering.

7.6.3 RF Video Engineering.

7.7 Summary.

References.

8 Optical Networks for the Broadband Future.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Brief History of Fibre in Access.

8.3 Standard PON Systems.

8.3.1 Where is Investment in PON Taking Place?

8.3.2 The Role of the ITU in Standardization.

8.3.3 How does FSAN Relate to Standards?

8.3.4 Interoperability.

8.3.5 Outlook....

8.3.6 Standards Summary.

8.4 Emerging Drivers for FTTH.

8.4.1 The Internet.

8.4.2 Digital Imaging and Video.

8.4.3 Developments in Digital CPE.

8.4.4 Examples of Transmission Over Fibre V XDSL.

8.4.5 Financial Barriers.

8.5 Lower Cost Architectures.

8.5.1 By-Passing the Outer-Core/Metro Network.

8.5.2 Advantages of Long-Reach Access.

8.6 An End-to-End Vision.

8.7 Summary/Conclusions.

8.A1 Appendix.

8.A1.1 B-PON General Characteristics.

8.A1.2 G-PON General Characteristics.

References.

9 An Evolutionary Fibre-to-the-Home Network and System Technologies: Migration from HFC to FTTH Networks.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Elements of Compatibility.

9.3 The State of HFC Networks.

9.4 Comparing the Technologies.

9.4.1 Broadcast Service.

9.4.2 Data Service.

9.4.3 Voice Service.

9.4.4 Element Management Systems.

9.4.5 Equipment Location.

9.5 Introduction to the Architectures of HFC and FTTH Networks.

9.5.1 Elements of an FTTH Network.

9.5.2 Data Layer.

9.5.3 Optical Network.

9.5.4 Home Terminal.

9.6 Elements of Compatibility.

9.6.1 Powering.

9.6.2 Bandwidth Compatibility.

9.6.3 Set Top Terminal Support.

9.6.4 Data Interfaces.

9.6.5 Voice Protocol.

9.6.6 Quality of Service (QoS).

9.7 Video Issues.

9.7.1 Comparing Broadcast to IPTV.

9.7.2 HFC Video Opportunities.

9.8 Conclusion.

References.

10 FTTH Systems, Strategies, and Deployment Plans in China.

10.1 Current Status of Broadband Access.

10.1.1 China’s Broadband Users Growing Rapidly.

10.1.2 Access Service Requirements.

10.1.3 Access Technologies and Key Players.

10.2 Driving Forces of FTTH

10.2.1 Increased Bandwidth Demand.

10.2.2 Reduced System Cost.

10.2.3 Competition.

10.2.4 Market.

10.2.5 Regulatory.

10.3 Latest FTTH Initiatives.

10.3.1 National FTTH Research Plan.

10.3.2 FTTH Products.

10.3.3 Early FTTH Field Trials.

10.3.4 The First FTTH Equipment Testing by Carrier.

10.3.5 Commercial FTTH Networks.

10.4 FTTH Technology Considerations.

10.4.1 EPON will Dominate Residential FTTH Market.

10.4.2 GPON will be Mostly Used for FTTO.

10.4.3 P2P will not be Widely Deployed.

10.4.4 Multi-Service Support is Generally Required.

10.4.5 FTTH Functionality Expansion.

10.5 Major FTTH Players and Products.

10.5.1 Major FTTH Service Providers.

10.5.2 Major FTTH Vendors.

10.5.3 FTTH Products.

10.6 Market Barriers.

10.6.1 High System Cost.

10.6.2 Lack of Applications.

10.6.3 Regulations.

10.6.4 Competition from Other Technologies.

10.7 Market Opportunities and Deployment Strategies.

References.

11 Integrated Broadband Optical Fibre/Wireless LAN Access Networks.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Directly Modulated Radio-Over-Fibre Systems.

11.3 Radio-Over-Fibre Systems Deploying Optical Frequency Conversion.

11.3.1 Heterodyning Systems.

11.4 Optical Frequency Multiplying System.

11.4.1 OFM System Analysis.

11.4.2 Impact of Dispersion in Multimode Fibre Systems.

11.4.3 Impact of Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibre Systems.

11.4.4 Experimental Results.

11.5 Bi-Directional Multiple-Access System.

11.6 Installation Aspects of In-Building Radio-Over-Fibre Systems.

11.7 Dynamically Allocating Radio Capacity.

11.8 Concluding Remarks.

Acknowledgement.

References.

12 Broadband Optical Access, FTTH, and Home Networks – the Broadband Future.

12.1 Introduction – A Historical Perspective.

12.2 The Broadband Access Technology Options – xDSL Versus Cable Modem, HFC Versus FTTH, PON Versus P2P Ethernet.

12.3 Broadband FTTH Drivers, Triple-Play, Competition and IPTV.

12.4 Broadband Competitions Worldwide: A Few Examples.

12.4.1 Examples of Broadband Competition in Japan.

12.4.2 Examples of Broadband Competition in Europe.

12.4.3 Examples of Broadband Competition in the US.

12.5 Broadband Competition in Hong Kong.

12.6 Broadband Optical Home Networks: The Potential of Broadband Home Networking or ‘Giga-Homes’.

12.6.1 HD Video ‘Blog’.

12.6.2 Large-Screen High-Definition Display for Homes.

12.7 Research on Technologies for Next Generation Broadband Optical

Access: WDM PON Access Networks and Fiber/Wireless Integration.

12.8 The Broadband Future, with IP HDTV/VOD and HD Video Communications.

Acknowledgements.

References.

Index.

商品描述(中文翻譯)

描述
廣泛的光纖接入和光纖到戶（FTTH）將提供最終的寬頻服務能力。
與目前已廣泛部署的寬頻接入技術如ADSL（非對稱數位用戶線）和有線調製解調器相比，光纖到用戶家庭的光纖寬頻接入將為新服務提供更高的接入速度。
《寬頻光纖接入網路與光纖到戶》提供了光纖寬頻接入網路及新興寬頻服務的關鍵技術和部署策略的全面技術概述。作者討論了網路設計考量、新服務、部署趨勢和操作經驗，同時解釋了當前的情況並提供對未來寬頻接入技術和服務的見解。
《寬頻光纖接入網路與光纖到戶》：
- 提供了對寬頻接入網路技術和服務新發展的全面、最新介紹。
- 檢視光子技術的研究與開發對寬頻接入和FTTH的影響。
- 涵蓋ADSL、FTTC（光纖到路邊）的VDSL、有線調製解調器透過HFC（混合光纖同軸）和千兆以太網。
- 討論寬頻無線局域網和整合FTTH/無線寬頻接入以及寬頻家庭網路的角色。
- 提供全球寬頻網路發展的視角，展示不同的技術和系統部署方法及戰略考量以供比較。
- 深入了解全球寬頻競爭及此技術的未來。
《寬頻光纖接入網路與光纖到戶》將成為研究與開發工程師、網路規劃者、商業經理、顧問以及分析師和教育工作者的寶貴資源，幫助他們更好地理解電信、數據通信和寬頻多媒體服務產業未來的寬頻發展。

目錄
前言
序言與概述
縮寫詞
貢獻者名單
1 NTT的寬頻光纖接入技術與FTTH部署
1.1 介紹
1.2 日本光纖技術的歷史
1.2.1 訂戶光纖傳輸系統的首次研究
1.2.2 從多模光纖到單模光纖
1.2.3 CT/RT系統的發展
1.2.4 向FTTH邁進
1.2.5 以金屬線成本實現光纖系統
1.2.6 接入網路光纖升級計畫
1.3 寬頻服務的趨勢
1.3.1 日本寬頻服務的增長
1.3.2 新光纖世代的願景
1.4 支撐寬頻服務的光纖接入技術
1.4.1 當前寬頻服務的光纖接入技術
1.4.2 未來的寬頻接入網路技術
1.5 結論
參考文獻
2 今日的寬頻光纖接入技術與SBC的部署考量
2.1 介紹
2.2 光纖到社區（FTTX）架構
2.2.1 FTTH接入架構
2.2.2 FTTN接入架構
2.3 ITU-T PON標準
2.3.1 ITU-T G.983 B-PON標準系列
2.3.2 ITU-T G.984 G-PON以實現更高速度
2.3.3 標準在互操作性中的角色
2.4 PON技術背景
2.4.1 上行帶寬分配
2.4.2 距離測量
2.4.3 分接器
2.5 SBC FTTH網路
2.5.1 光纖/分配網路
2.5.2 FTTH ONT
2.5.3 SBC的任務灣試驗
2.6 SBC光纖到節點（FTTN）網路
2.7 家庭網路
2.8 激勵新網路 – IPTV
摘要
一般參考文獻
3 FTTH：瑞典的視角
3.1 介紹
3.2 內容
3.3 定義
3.3.1 寬頻定義
3.3.2 FTTH定義
3.3.3 Muni Net定義
3.3.4 住宅區網路定義
3.4 瑞典FTTH繁榮的背景
3.5 當前瑞典的寬頻市場
3.5.1 與OECD相比的寬頻滲透率
3.5.2 瑞典的寬頻市場和接入技術
3.5.3 設備供應商
3.5.4 瑞典的寬頻產業
3.5.5 產業與學術界的合作
3.6 開放網路與垂直整合
3.6.1 開放網路
3.6.2 運營Muni Nets時的功能
3.6.3 Muni Nets中的關係和資金流動
3.6.4 開放網路與垂直整合
3.7 接入網路技術
3.7.1 PON與點對點以太網
3.7.2 L2與L3接入架構
3.8 未來寬頻網路的驅動因素、服務和趨勢
3.8.1 營運商和網路擁有者
3.8.2 當局
3.9 瑞典FTTH主要參與者的描述
3.9.1 PacketFront
3.9.2 Ericsson
3.9.3 TeliaSonera
3.9.4 Svenska Bostäder在Vällingby：一個綠地部署
3.9.5 斯德哥爾摩和Vällingby模型：一個棕地部署
3.10 摘要
致謝
參考文獻
4 韓國的寬頻接入網路和服務
4.1 環境變化與FITL計畫
4.2 FLC-A作為FITL的第一個成員
4.2.1 考慮的服務
4.2.2 硬體配置
4.2.3 管理系統
4.2.4 FLC-B對FLC-A的升級
4.3 FLC-C
4.3.1 考慮的服務
4.3.2 硬體配置
4.3.3 操作支援系統
4.3.4 多供應商互操作性
4.3.5 FLC-C經驗
4.4 寬頻接入-XDSL
4.4.1 環境
4.4.2 韓國的網際網路服務
4.4.3 競爭技術
4.4.4 寬頻接入網路
4.4.5 網路架構和協議
4.4.6 VDSL
4.4.7 服務
4.4.8 干擾
4.4.9 IP-VDSL
4.4.10 XDSL的重大成功
4.5 光纖到戶和無線局域網
4.5.1 環境
4.5.2 Metro Ethernet
4.5.3 無線LAN
4.6 B-PON（寬頻無源光網路）
4.6.1 環境
4.6.2 管理
4.6.3 遺留OSS介面
4.6.4 B-PON部署
4.7 WDM-PON
4.7.1 下一代網路
4.7.2 帶寬
4.7.3 QoS
4.7.4 設計概念
4.7.5 基於ASE注入FP-LD方案的WDM-PON系統
4.7.6 WDM-PON的三重播放服務示範
4.7.7 現在的WDM-PON
參考文獻
5 開放服務提供者網路中的寬頻光纖到戶技術、策略和部署計畫：UTOPIA計畫
5.1 介紹
5.2 市政觀點
5.3 操作模型：開放服務提供者網路TM
5.4 指導原則
5.5 技術定位：物理媒介
5.6 架構模板：戶外設施
5.6.1 光纖類型
5.6.2 主動與被動
5.6.3 冗餘
5.6.4 光纖纖維數量
5.6.5 最佳光纖聚合
5.6.6 戶外設施設計
5.6.7 分配網路
5.7 架構模板：標準
5.8 架構模板：傳輸層拓撲
5.8.1 可靠性
5.8.2 流量管理
5.8.3 可擴展帶寬
5.8.4 豐富帶寬
5.8.5 擴展成本
5.8.6 架構模板 – 傳輸層拓撲
5.9 網路技術：技術和供應商選擇
5.10 網路介面
5.11 網路操作：容量管理
5.12 結論
參考文獻
6 開放接入平台中的高速FTTH技術 – 歐洲MUSE計畫
6.1 介紹
6.1.1 網路的不同視角
6.1.2 架構的變化
6.1.3 未來應用和服務需求
6.1.4 網路融合與智能分配
6.1.5 接入網路的遷移
6.2 光纖接入網路
6.2.1 接入網路設計
6.2.2 技術經濟建模
6.2.3 光纖接入拓撲
6.3 FTTX技術
6.3.1 光纖接入多路復用器的改進
6.3.2 未來的部署
6.4 結論
參考文獻
7 住宅寬頻PON（B-PON）系統
7.1 介紹
7.2 基於ATM的PON簡史
7.2.1 原始A-PON標準及早期日本部署
7.2.2 早期互操作性及BellSouth Dunwoody試驗
7.2.3 系統改進：WDM、DBA、SUR
7.3 三重播放B-PON系統架構
7.3.1 三重播放B-PON的系統概述
7.3.2 光纖線終端
7.3.3 被動光網路（PON）
7.3.4 光網路終端
7.4 寬頻服務的演變
7.4.1 語音：從AAL2到VOIP
7.4.2 視頻：從類比到QAM再到IP
7.4.3 數據：以太網到一切
7.5 FTTP經濟學
7.5.1 競爭的寬頻接入技術
7.5.2 新建應用
7.5.3 修復應用
7.5.4 重建應用
7.6 FTTP部署的實際考量
7.6.1 戶外設施建設
7.6.2 ONU和供電
7.6.3 RF視頻工程
7.7 摘要
參考文獻
8 寬頻未來的光網路
8.1 介紹
8.2 光纖接入的簡史
8.3 標準PON系統
8.3.1 PON投資的地點
8.3.2 ITU在標準化中的角色
8.3.3 FSAN與標準的關係
8.3.4 互操作性
8.3.5 展望....
8.3.6 標準摘要
8.4 FTTH的新驅動因素
8.4.1 網際網路
8.4.2 數位影像和視頻
8.4.3 數位CPE的發展
8.4.4 光纖傳輸與XDSL的例子
8.4.5 財務障礙
8.5 降低成本的架構
8.5.1 繞過外部核心/城市網路
8.5.2 長距離接入的優勢
8.6 端到端的願景
8.7 摘要/結論
8.A1 附錄
8.A1.1 B-PON一般特性
8.A1.2 G-PON一般特性
參考文獻
9 演變中的光纖到戶網路和系統技術：從HFC到FTTH網路的遷移
9.1 介紹
9.2 兼容性的要素
9.3 HFC網路的現狀

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