Digital Afterlife: Death Matters in a Digital Age
暫譯: 數位後生命：數位時代的死亡議題

儘管有許多關於數位與悲傷及哀悼的研究，但迄今為止的研究主要集中在數位環境中所展現的文化實踐和意義。《數位來世》（Digital Afterlife）匯集了來自不同領域的專家，他們對數位來世及相關的廣泛議題充滿興趣。這本書涵蓋了在其他研究文本中被忽視的多種議題，例如：

- 數位來世的法律、倫理和哲學難題
- 當前數位媒體如何被用來擴展紀念逝者和管理留下者悲傷的可能性

我們的生活受到數位的影響，並塑造我們的數位來世，因為數位已成為人類經驗中理所當然的一部分。這本書將吸引來自計算機、神學、商業研究、哲學、心理學、社會學和教育等各類機構的本科生。次要讀者包括對數位有興趣的研究人員和研究生。

在實務層面上，數據儲存的成本和不斷變化的數據儲存系統減少了我們的數位存在永恆存在的可能性。無論我們是創造意外的還是有意的數位記憶，這對我們自己和社會都有心理上的影響。本質上，永恆的永恆性正受到質疑。

**Maggi Savin-Baden** 是伍斯特大學高等教育研究的教授。她擁有超過50篇研究出版物和17本書籍的豐富出版紀錄。

**Victoria Mason-Robbie** 是一位特許心理學家，並且是一位經驗豐富的講師，在高等教育領域工作超過15年。她目前的研究專注於評估基於網路的虛擬形象、教學代理和虛擬人類。

Editor Bios

Maggi Savin-Baden is Professor of Education at the University of Worcester and has researched and evaluated staff and student experience of learning for over 20 years and gained funding in this area (Leverhulme Trust, JISC, Higher Education Academy, MoD). She has a strong publication record of over 50 research publications and 17 books which reflect her research interests on the impact of innovative learning, digital fluency, cyber-influence, pedagogical agents, qualitative research methods, and problem-based learning. In her spare time, she runs, bakes, climbs and attempts triathlons

Victoria Mason-Robbie (PhD CPsychol CSci AFBPsS FHEA) is a Chartered Psychologist with a range of research interests within the fields of Health Psychology and Education who has published widely in psychology, medical, and teaching journals. She is an experienced lecturer having worked in the Higher Education sector for over 15 years. Her current research focuses on evaluating web-based avatars, pedagogical agents, and virtual humans.

Author Bios

Elaine Kasket is a writer, speaker and counselling psychologist, a long-time scholar of death and the digital. She is the author of All the Ghosts in the Machine: Illusions of Immortality in the Digital Age and serves as Bereavement Lead for the Digital Legacy Association.

Mórna O'Connor is a final-year doctoral candidate at the Nottingham Centre for the Advancement of Palliative, Supportive and End-of-Life Care (NCARE) at the University of Nottingham. Mórna is interested in the role played by potentially vast and varied posthumous digital material in the negotiation of durable biographies and memories of the dead.

Carla Sofka is Professor of Social Work at Siena College. She began writing about the impact of the Internet and technology on death education and grief counselling in the mid-1990's, coining the term "thanatechnology" in 1996. Her recent research has investigated the role of digital and social media in dealing with life-threatening and terminal illness, death, and grief. In addition to co-editing and authoring several chapters in Dying, Death, and Grief in an Online Universe (2012), she has recently published and presented on issues related to digital immortality and digital legacy.

Debra Bassett is a PhD candidate at the University of Warwick. Her qualitative research into human-computer interaction looks at how the Internet enables the creation of posthumous digital memories and messages with blogs; vlogs; avatar creation and social network sites and how this digital endurance may affect how people grieve.

Edina Harbinja's principal areas of research and teaching are related to the legal issues surrounding the Internet and emerging technologies. Edina is a pioneer and a globally recognised expert in post-mortem privacy, i.e. privacy of the deceased individuals. Her research has a policy and multidisciplinary focus and aims to explore different options of regulation of online behaviours and phenomena, including privacy and data protection, IP, contract law, property and succession.

Tal Morse teaches at Hadassah Academic College in Jerusalem. His research focuses on media and death, especially mediated death rituals. His book, The Mourning News: Reporting violent death in a global age was published by Peter Lang (New York) in 2017.

Michael Birnhack is Professor and Associate Dean (Research) at the Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University. His research focuses on information law, especially privacy and intellectual property. His 2010 book, Private Space (Hebrew), won the Political Scientists Association Annual Prize.

Gary Rycroft studied Law at the University of Manchester 1991-94, obtained a Post Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice from the College of Law at Chester in 1995 and qualified as a solicitor in England & Wales in 1998. He is the Senior Partner of Joseph A. Jones & Co, a Law Firm based in Lancaster. Gary is a former Chair of The Law Society Private Client Section Advisory Committee, which supports solicitors who specialise in Wills, Trusts & Probate. He was a Trustee of the National Council of Palliative care until the charity merged with Hospice UK in 2017 and continues to Chair the Dying Matters Forum for Hospice UK. Gary is often asked to write and comment on the law in newspapers, magazines, radio and television and is the resident Legal Expert on the BBC1 Consumer Affairs Programme Rip Off Britain.

David Burden has been involved in AI, VR and immersive environments since the 1990s. David set up Daden Limited in 2004 to help organisations explore and exploit the social and commercial potential of using chatbots, AI and virtual environments and has authored over a dozen papers on virtual worlds and AI.

John Reader is an Associate Research Fellow with the William Temple Foundation and Honorary Senior Lecturer with the Institute of Education at the University of Worcester. Recent publications include 'A Philosophy of Christian Materialism' cowritten with Baker and James (Routledge 2015) and 'Theology and New Materialism'(Palgrave Macmillan 2017). He has also cowritten 'Technology transforming Theology' with Maggi Savin-Baden for the William Temple Ethical Dialogue series.

Petar Jandric (PhD) is Professor and Director of BSc (Informatics) programme at the Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Croatia. His previous academic affiliations include Croatian Academic and Research Network, National e-Science Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Glasgow School of Art, and Cass School of Education at the University of East London. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Postdigital Science and Education (Springer): https: //www.springer.com/education+%26+language/journal/42438. Personal website: http: //petarjandric.com/.

編輯簡介

**Maggi Savin-Baden** 是伍斯特大學的教育學教授，擁有超過20年的學術研究與評估教職員及學生學習經驗的經歷，並在此領域獲得了資金支持（Leverhulme Trust、JISC、高等教育學院、國防部）。她擁有超過50篇研究出版物和17本書籍的豐富出版紀錄，這些作品反映了她對創新學習、數位流暢性、網路影響、教學代理、質性研究方法及問題導向學習的研究興趣。在空閒時間，她喜歡跑步、烘焙、攀岩和嘗試三項全能。

**Victoria Mason-Robbie** (PhD CPsychol CSci AFBPsS FHEA) 是一位特許心理學家，擁有健康心理學和教育領域的多項研究興趣，並在心理學、醫學及教學期刊上廣泛發表。她是一位經驗豐富的講師，在高等教育領域工作超過15年。她目前的研究專注於評估基於網路的虛擬形象、教學代理和虛擬人類。

作者簡介

**Elaine Kasket** 是一位作家、演講者和輔導心理學家，長期研究死亡與數位的關係。她是《All the Ghosts in the Machine: Illusions of Immortality in the Digital Age》的作者，並擔任數位遺產協會的喪失領導者。

**Mórna O'Connor** 是諾丁漢大學的臨終關懷、支持性及生命末期護理推進中心（NCARE）的最後一年博士候選人。Mórna 對於潛在龐大且多樣的死後數位資料在持久傳記和死者記憶中的角色感興趣。

**Carla Sofka** 是西耶那學院的社會工作教授。她於1990年代中期開始撰寫有關網際網路和科技對死亡教育及悲傷輔導影響的文章，並於1996年創造了「thanatechnology」這個術語。她最近的研究探討了數位和社交媒體在面對危及生命和末期疾病、死亡及悲傷中的角色。除了共同編輯和撰寫《Dying, Death, and Grief in an Online Universe》（2012）中的幾個章節外，她最近也發表和演講有關數位不朽和數位遺產的議題。

**Debra Bassett** 是華威大學的博士候選人。她的質性研究專注於人機互動，探討網際網路如何促進死後數位記憶和訊息的創造，包括部落格、視頻日誌、虛擬形象創建和社交網路網站，以及這種數位持久性如何影響人們的悲傷過程。

**Edina Harbinja** 的主要研究和教學領域與網際網路和新興科技相關的法律問題有關。Edina 是死後隱私（即死者隱私）的先驅和全球公認的專家。她的研究具有政策和多學科的焦點，旨在探索對網路行為和現象的不同監管選項，包括隱私和數據保護、知識產權、合同法、財產和繼承。

**Tal Morse** 在耶路撒冷的哈達薩學院任教。他的研究專注於媒體與死亡，特別是媒介化的死亡儀式。他的著作《The Mourning News: Reporting violent death in a global age》於2017年由彼得·朗出版社（Peter Lang）出版。

**Michael Birnhack** 是特拉維夫大學法學院的教授及研究副院長。他的研究專注於資訊法，特別是隱私和知識產權。他於2010年出版的書籍《Private Space》（希伯來文）獲得政治科學家協會年度獎。

**Gary Rycroft** 於1991至1994年在曼徹斯特大學學習法律，1995年獲得切斯特法律學院的法律實務研究生文憑，並於1998年在英格蘭和威爾斯獲得律師資格。他是位於蘭卡斯特的律師事務所Joseph A. Jones & Co的高級合夥人。Gary曾擔任法律協會私人客戶部門諮詢委員會的主席，該委員會支持專注於遺囑、信託和遺產的律師。他曾是全國臨終關懷理事會的受託人，直到該慈善機構於2017年與英國臨終關懷合併，並繼續擔任英國臨終關懷的Dying Matters論壇主席。Gary經常被邀請在報紙、雜誌、廣播和電視上撰寫和評論法律問題，並且是BBC1消費者事務節目《Rip Off Britain》的常駐法律專家。

**David Burden** 自1990年代以來一直參與人工智慧、虛擬實境和沉浸式環境的研究。David於2004年成立Daden Limited，幫助組織探索和利用聊天機器人、人工智慧和虛擬環境的社會和商業潛力，並撰寫了十多篇有關虛擬世界和人工智慧的論文。

**John Reader** 是威廉·坦普爾基金會的副研究員，並擔任伍斯特大學教育學院的榮譽高級講師。最近的出版物包括與Baker和James共同撰寫的《A Philosophy of Christian Materialism》（Routledge 2015）和《Theology and New Materialism》（Palgrave Macmillan 2017）。他還與Maggi Savin-Baden共同撰寫了《Technology transforming Theology》，該書是威廉·坦普爾倫理對話系列的一部分。

**Petar Jandric** (PhD) 是克羅埃西亞薩格勒布應用科技大學的資訊學學士學位課程主任。他之前的學術任職包括克羅埃西亞學術與研究網絡、愛丁堡大學國家電子科學中心、格拉斯哥藝術學院和東倫敦大學的卡斯教育學院。他是期刊《Postdigital Science and Education》（Springer）的主編，個人網站為：http://petarjandric.com/。