Designing for Older Adults: Case Studies, Methods, and Tools
暫譯: 為老年人設計：案例研究、方法與工具

有許多產品、工具和技術可用於支持老年人。然而，這些產品的成功需要在設計時考慮老年人的需求，並遵循認識到不同老年群體需求、能力和偏好的設計原則。實現良好的設計是一個透過實際應用原則和指導方針來促進的過程。設計的成功需要理解如何使用可用的方法和工具來評估初步想法和原型。本書的目標是提供基於過去二十年來老年人研究與技術增強中心（CREATE）研究人員所面臨的真實設計挑戰的插圖「案例研究」，這些案例研究展示了如何使用人因工具和以使用者為中心的設計原則來理解老年人的需求；識別現有設計在哪些方面未能滿足老年使用者的需求；並檢視設計變更的有效性，以更好地適應龐大且日益增長的老年人口的能力和偏好。

Walter R. Boot Ph.D., is a Professor of Psychology at Florida State University and director of the university's Attention and Training Lab. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Visual Cognition and Human Performance in 2007. Walter is one of six principal investigators of the multi-disciplinary Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE), a long-standing and award winning National Institute on Aging funded center dedicated to ensuring that the benefits of technology can be realized by older adults. He is also Co-Director of the ENHANCE (Enhancing Neurocognitive Health, Abilities, Networks, & Community Engagement) Center, funded by the National Institute on Disabi Walter R. Boot Ph.D., is a Professor of Psychology at Florida State University and director of the university's Attention and Training Lab. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Visual Cognition and Human Performance in 2007. Walter is one of six principal investigators of the multi-disciplinary Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE), a long-standing and award winning National Institute on Aging funded center dedicated to ensuring that the benefits of technology can be realized by older adults. He is also Co-Director of the ENHANCE (Enhancing Neurocognitive Health, Abilities, Networks, & Community Engagement) Center, funded by the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research, with a focus on how technology can support older adults living with cognitive impairment. His research interests include how humans perform and learn to master complex tasks (especially tasks with safety-critical consequences), how age influences perceptual and cognitive abilities vital to the performance of these tasks, and how technological interventions can improve the well-being and cognitive functioning of older adults. He has published extensively on the topic of technology-based interventions involving digital games. Walter is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Gerontological Society of America, and received the Springer Early Career Achievement Award from Division 20 (Adult Development and Aging) of APA in 2014, and the Earl A. Alluisi Early Career Achievement Award from Division 21 (Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology) of APA in 2017.

Neil Charness, Ph.D., is William G. Chase Professor of Psychology, Director of the Institute for Successful Longevity, and Associate Director of the University Transportation Center (Accessibility and Safety for an Aging Population, ASAP) at Florida State University. He received his BA from McGill University (1969) and MSc and Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University (1971, 1974) in Psychology. Prior to coming to Florida State University he was on the faculty at Wilfrid Laurier University and the University of Waterloo in Canada. Neil's current research focuses on human factors approaches to age and technology use, interventions to promote improved cognition, and aging driver and pedestrian safety. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Association for Psychological Science, and the Gerontological Society of America. He received the Jack A. Kraft Innovator award (with CREATE colleagues) from the Human Factors & Ergonomics Society (2013); the Franklin V. Taylor Award for Outstanding Contributions in the field of Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology from Division 21 of APA (2016); the M. Powell Lawton award for Distinguished Contribution to Applied Gerontology from Division 20 of APA (2016), the APA Prize for Interdisciplinary Team Research with CREATE colleagues (2016), was honored as a Grandmaster of the International Society for Gerontechnology (2018), and received APA's Committee on Aging award for the Advancement of Psychology and Aging (2018).

Sara J. Czaja, Ph.D., is the Director of the Center on Aging and Behavioral Research in the Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. She is also an Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM). Prior to joining the faculty at Weill Cornell, she was the Director of the Center on Aging at the UMMSM. Sara received her Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering, specializing in Human Factors Engineering, at the University of Buffalo in 1980. She is the Director of CREATE. Her research interests include: aging and cognition, aging and healthcare access and service delivery, family caregiving, aging and technology, training, and functional assessment. She has received continuous funding from the National Institutes of Health, Administration on Aging, and the National Science Foundation to support her research. She is a fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES), and the Gerontological Society of America (GSA). She is also Past President of Division 20 (Adult Development and Aging) of APA. She is also a member of the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences Board on Human Systems Integration. She served as a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging and as a member of the IOM Committee on Family Caregiving for Older Adults. Sara is also the recipient of the 2015 M. Powell Lawton Distinguished Contribution Award for Applied Gerontology, of GSA; the 2013 Social Impact Award for the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM); the Jack A. Kraft Award for Innovation from HFES and the APA Interdisciplinary Team, both with CREATE; and the Franklin V. Taylor Award from Division 21 of APA.

Wendy A. Rogers, Ph.D., is the Shahid and Ann Carlson Khan Professor of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her primary appointment is in the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health. She also has an appointment in the Educational Psychology Department and is an affiliate faculty member of the Beckman Institute and the Illinois Informatics Institute. She received her B.A. from the University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, and her M.S. (1989) and Ph.D. (1991) from the Georgia Institute of Technology. She is a Certified Human Factors Professional (BCPE Certificate #1539). Her research interests include design for aging; technology acceptance; human-automation interaction; aging-in-place; human-robot interaction; aging with disabilities; cognitive aging; and skill acquisition and training. She is Director of the Health Technology Education Program; Program Director of CHART (Collaborations in Health, Aging, Research, and Technology; chart.ahs.illinois.edu); and Director of the Human Factors and Aging Laboratory (www.hfaging.org). Her research is funded by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute on Aging) and the Department of Health and Human Services (National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research). She is a fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Gerontological Society of America (GSA), and the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES). She has received awards for her mentoring (HFE Woman Mentor of the Year, Fitts Education Award, APA Division 20 Mentor Award), her research (APA Division 21 Taylor Award; and with CREATE the APA Interdisciplinary Team and HFES Kraft Innovator Award), and her outreach activities (HFES Hansen Outreach Award).

lity, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research, with a focus on how technology can support older adults living with cognitive impairment. His research interests include how humans perform and learn to master complex tasks (especially tasks with safety-critical consequences), how age influences perceptual and cognitive abilities vital to the performance of these tasks, and how technological interventions can improve the well-being and cognitive functioning of older adults. He has published extensively on the topic of technology-based interventions involving digital games. Walter is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Gerontological Society of America, and received the Springer Early Career Achievement Award from Division 20 (Adult Development and Aging) of APA in 2014, and the Earl A. Alluisi Early Career Achievement Award from Division 21 (Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology) of APA in 2017.

Neil Charness, Ph.D., is William G. Chase Professor of Psychology, Director of the Institute for Successful Longevity, and Associate Director of the University Transportation Center (Accessibility and Safety for an Aging Population, ASAP) at Florida State University. He received his BA from McGill University (1969) and MSc and Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University (1971, 1974) in Psychology. Prior to coming to Florida State University he was on the faculty at Wilfrid Laurier University and the University of Waterloo in Canada. Neil's current research focuses on human factors approaches to age and technology use, interventions to promote improved cognition, and aging driver and pedestrian safety. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Association for Psychological Science, and the Gerontological Society of America. He received the Jack A. Kraft Innovator award (with CREATE colleagues) from the Human Factors & Ergonomics Society (2013); the Franklin V. Taylor Award for Outstanding Contributions in the field of Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology from Division 21 of APA (2016); the M. Powell Lawton award for Distinguished Contribution to Applied Gerontology from Division 20 of APA (2016), the APA Prize for Interdisciplinary Team Research with CREATE colleagues (2016), was honored as a Grandmaster of the International Society for Gerontechnology (2018), and received APA's Committee on Aging award for the Advancement of Psychology and Aging (2018).

Sara J. Czaja, Ph.D., is the Director of the Center on Aging and Behavioral Research in the Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. She is also an Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM). Prior to joining the faculty at Weill Cornell, she was the Director of the Center on Aging at the UMMSM. Sara received her Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering, specializing in Human Factors Engineering, at the University of Buffalo in 1980. She is the Director of CREATE. Her research interests include: aging and cognition, aging and healthcare access and service delivery, family caregiving, aging and technology, training, and functional assessment. She has received continuous funding from the National Institutes of Health, Administration on Aging, and the National Science Foundation to support her research. She is a fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES), and the Gerontological Society of America (GSA). She is also Past President of Division 20 (Adult Development and Aging) of APA. She is also a member of the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences Board on Human Systems Integration. She served as a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging and as a member of the IOM Committee on Family Caregiving for Older Adults. Sara is also the recipient of the 2015 M. Powell Lawton Distinguished Contribution Award for Applied Gerontology, of GSA; the 2013 Social Impact Award for the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM); the Jack A. Kraft Award for Innovation from HFES and the APA Interdisciplinary Team, both with CREATE; and the Franklin V. Taylor Award from Division 21 of APA.

Wendy A. Rogers, Ph.D., is the Shahid and Ann Carlson Khan Professor of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her primary appointment is in the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health. She also has an appointment in the Educational Psychology Department and is an affiliate faculty member of the Beckman Institute and the Illinois Informatics Institute. She received her B.A. from the University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, and her M.S. (1989) and Ph.D. (1991) from the Georgia Institute of Technology. She is a Certified Human Factors Professional (BCPE Certificate #1539). Her research interests include design for aging; technology acceptance; human-automation interaction; aging-in-place; human-robot interaction; aging with disabilities; cognitive aging; and skill acquisition and training. She is Director of the Health Technology Education Program; Program Director of CHART (Collaborations in Health, Aging, Research, and Technology; chart.ahs.illinois.edu); and Director of the Human Factors and Aging Laboratory (www.hfaging.org). Her research is funded by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute on Aging) and the Department of Health and Human Services (National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research). She is a fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Gerontological Society of America (GSA), and the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES). She has received awards for her mentoring (HFE Woman Mentor of the Year, Fitts Education Award, APA Division 20 Mentor Award), her research (APA Division 21 Taylor Award; and with CREATE the APA Interdisciplinary Team and HFES Kraft Innovator Award), and her outreach activities (HFES Hansen Outreach Award).

Walter R. Boot 博士是佛羅里達州立大學的心理學教授及該校注意力與訓練實驗室的主任。他於2007年在伊利諾伊大學香檳分校獲得視覺認知與人類表現的博士學位。Walter是多學科老年與科技增強研究與教育中心（CREATE）的六位主要研究者之一，該中心是由美國國家老年研究所資助的長期且獲獎的中心，致力於確保老年人能夠實現科技的好處。他也是ENHANCE（增強神經認知健康、能力、網絡與社區參與）中心的共同主任，該中心由美國國家殘疾、獨立生活與康復研究所資助，專注於科技如何支持有認知障礙的老年人。Walter的研究興趣包括人類如何執行和學習掌握複雜任務（特別是具有安全關鍵後果的任務）、年齡如何影響執行這些任務所需的感知和認知能力，以及科技介入如何改善老年人的福祉和認知功能。他在基於科技的介入（涉及數位遊戲）方面發表了大量研究。Walter是美國心理學會（APA）和美國老年學會的會士，並於2014年獲得APA第20分部（成人發展與老化）的Springer早期職業成就獎，2017年獲得APA第21分部（應用實驗與工程心理學）的Earl A. Alluisi早期職業成就獎。

Neil Charness 博士是佛羅里達州立大學威廉·G·蔡斯心理學教授、成功長壽研究所所長及大學交通中心（老年人口的可及性與安全，ASAP）的副所長。他於1969年在麥吉爾大學獲得學士學位，並於1971年和1974年在卡內基梅隆大學獲得碩士和博士學位。來到佛羅里達州立大學之前，他曾在加拿大的威爾弗里德·勞里埃大學和滑鐵盧大學任教。Neil目前的研究專注於年齡與科技使用的人因學方法、促進認知改善的介入，以及老年駕駛者和行人的安全。他是美國心理學會（APA）、心理科學協會和美國老年學會的會士。他於2013年獲得人因與人體工學學會的Jack A. Kraft創新獎（與CREATE同事共同獲得）；2016年獲得APA第21分部在應用實驗與工程心理學領域的傑出貢獻的Franklin V. Taylor獎；2016年獲得APA第20分部在應用老年學領域的M. Powell Lawton獎；2016年與CREATE同事共同獲得APA跨學科團隊研究獎；2018年被國際老年科技學會授予大師榮譽；並於2018年獲得APA老年委員會的心理學與老年學進步獎。

Sara J. Czaja 博士是威爾康奈爾醫學院老年與行為研究中心的主任，並且是邁阿密大學米勒醫學院的名譽心理學與行為科學教授。在加入威爾康奈爾的教職之前，她曾擔任邁阿密大學米勒醫學院老年中心的主任。Sara於1980年在布法羅大學獲得工業工程博士學位，專攻人因工程。她是CREATE的主任。她的研究興趣包括：老化與認知、老化與醫療服務的可及性與提供、家庭照護、老化與科技、訓練及功能評估。她持續獲得美國國立衛生研究院、老年管理局和國家科學基金會的資助以支持她的研究。她是美國心理學會（APA）、人因與人體工學學會（HFES）和美國老年學會（GSA）的會士。她曾擔任APA第20分部（成人發展與老化）的前任會長。她也是國家研究委員會/國家科學院人類系統整合委員會的成員。她曾擔任醫學研究所（IOM）關於認知老化公共健康維度的委員會成員，以及IOM關於老年人家庭照護的委員會成員。Sara還是2015年GSA頒發的M. Powell Lawton應用老年學傑出貢獻獎、2013年計算機協會（ACM）的社會影響獎、HFES和APA跨學科團隊的Jack A. Kraft創新獎（均與CREATE共同獲得），以及APA第21分部的Franklin V. Taylor獎的獲得者。

Wendy A. Rogers 博士是伊利諾伊大學香檳分校應用健康科學的Shahid和Ann Carlson Khan教授。她的主要任職於運動學與社區健康系。她還在教育心理學系任職，並且是Beckman Institute和伊利諾伊資訊學院的附屬教員。她於馬薩諸塞州大學達特茅斯分校獲得學士學位，並於1989年和1991年在喬治亞理工學院獲得碩士和博士學位。她是認證的人因專業人士（BCPE證書#1539）。她的研究興趣包括老年設計、科技接受度、人機自動化互動、居家老化、人機互動、殘疾老化、認知老化，以及技能獲得與訓練。她是健康科技教育計畫的主任；CHART（健康、老化、研究與科技合作）計畫的主任；以及人因與老化實驗室的主任（www.hfaging.org）。她的研究獲得美國國立衛生研究院（國家老年研究所）和健康與人類服務部（國家殘疾、獨立生活與康復研究所）的資助。她是美國心理學會（APA）、美國老年學會（GSA）和人因與人體工學學會（HFES）的會士。她因其指導工作（HFE年度女性導師、Fitts教育獎、APA第20分部導師獎）、研究（APA第21分部Taylor獎；以及與CREATE共同獲得的APA跨學科團隊和HFES Kraft創新獎）和外展活動（HFES Hansen外展獎）而獲得多項獎項。