Change of State: Information, Policy, and Power (Hardcover)

Sandra Braman

Change of State: Information, Policy, and Power (Hardcover)
  • 出版商: MIT
  • 出版日期: 2007-02-01
  • 售價: $1,520
  • 貴賓價: 9.8 折 $1,490
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 569
  • 裝訂: Hardcover
  • ISBN: 0262025973
  • ISBN-13: 9780262025973

    • 立即出貨 (庫存=1)

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Description

As the informational state replaces the bureaucratic welfare state, control over information creation, processing, flows, and use has become the most effective form of power. In Change of State Sandra Braman examines the theoretical and practical ramifications of this "change of state." She looks at the ways in which governments are deliberate, explicit, and consistent in their use of information policy to exercise power, exploring not only such familiar topics as intellectual property rights and privacy but also areas in which policy is highly effective but little understood. Such lesser-known issues include hybrid citizenship, the use of "functionally equivalent borders" internally to allow exceptions to U.S. law, research funding, census methods, and network interconnection. Trends in information policy, argues Braman, both manifest and trigger change in the nature of governance itself.

After laying the theoretical, conceptual, and historical foundations for understanding the informational state, Braman examines 20 information policy principles found in the U.S Constitution. She then explores the effects of U.S. information policy on the identity, structure, borders, and change processes of the state itself and on the individuals, communities, and organizations that make up the state. Looking across the breadth of the legal system, she presents current law as well as trends in and consequences of several information policy issues in each category affected.

Change of State introduces information policy on two levels, coupling discussions of specific contemporary problems with more abstract analysis drawing on social theory and empirical research as well as law. Most important, the book provides a way of understanding how information policy brings about the fundamental social changes that come with the transformation to the informational state.

Sandra Braman is Professor in the Department of Communication, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. She is the editor of Communication Researchers and Policy-Making (MIT Press, 2003).

 

Table of Contents

List of Tables xv
 
 Preface xvii
 
 Note on Text xix
 
 Acknowledgments xxi
 
1. An Introduction to Information Policy 1
 
2. Forms and Phases of Power
The Bias of the Informational State 9
 
 Information 9
 
 Theoretical Pluralism 10
 
 A Taxonomy of Definitions 11
 
 Using the Taxonomy 20
 
 Power 23
 
 The Problematics of Power 24
 
 Forms of Power 25
 
 Phases of Power 27
 
 The State 28
 
 Problematics of the State 29
 
 The Nation 30
 
 The State 32
 
 A Typology of States by Form of Power 35
 
 Information Policy for the Informational State 37
 
3. Bounding the Domain
Information Policy for the Twenty-First Century 39
 
 The Definitional Problem 40
 
 History 41
 
 Premodern Information Policy 42
 
 Early Modern Information Policy 44
 
 Modern Information Policy 45
 
 The Contemporary Environment 48
 
 International Information Policy 54
 
 Confounding Factors 56
 
 Technology-Based Problems 56
 
 Practice-Based Problems 61
 
 Policy Process-Based Problems 62
 
 Issue Area-Based Problems 66
 
 Definitional Approaches 67
 
 Lists 67
 
 Legacy Legal Categories 68
 
 Industries 68
 
 Social Impact 69
 
 The Information Production Chain 69
 
 Bounding the Domain of Information Policy
An Analytical Approach 73
 
 Step 1. The Policy Issue and the Information Production Chain 74
 
 Step 2. Link Analytically to Related Information Policy Issues 75
 
 Step 3. Examine the Social Impact of Current Policy 76
 
 Step 4. Develop Policy Recommendations 77
 
 Step 5. Translate Recommendations into the Terms of Legacy Law 77
 
 Information Policy: Constitutive and Constitutional 77
 
4. Constitutional Principles and the Information Spaces They Create 79
 
 The Principles 81
 
 Principles in the Constitution 81
 
 The First Amendment 85
 
 Other Constitutional Amendments 87
 
 The Penumbra of the Constitution 89
 
 Constitutional Information Spaces 89
 
 Public versus Private 90
 
 Spaces Defined by Medium 96
 
 The Spaces of Expression 99
 
 The Spaces of Content 105
 
 The Spaces of Content Production 111
 
 Spaces Defined by Audience 113
 
 Spaces Defined by War and Peace 114
 
 Constitutional Principles and Their Limits 115
 
5. Information Policy and Identity 117
 
 Identity Theory 117
 
 Individual Identity 121
 
 Libel 121
 
 Privacy 126
 
 Identity of the Informational State 138
 
 The Census and Other Statistics 138
 
 Mapping 144
 
 Official Memory 148
 
 Mediating the Identities of the Individual and the Informational State 155
 
 Citizenship 155
 
 Language 160
 
 Education 162
 
 Mutually Constituted Identities of the Individual and the Informational State 166
 
6. Information Policy and Structure 167
 
 Theories of Structure 167
 
 Information Policy and Social Structure 173
 
 Antitrust 173
 
 Copyright 177
 
 Patents 187
 
 Association 191
 
 Information Policy and Technological Structure 193
 
 Interconnection 193
 
 Participatory Design 197
 
 Universal Service 199
 
 Information Policy and Informational Structure 205
 
 Access to Government Information 205
 
 Accounting Systems 208
 
 Metadata 215
 
 Information Policy and New Structural Formations 219
 
7. Information Policy and Borders 221
 
 Border Theory 221
 
 Borders of Social Systems 227
 
 Geopolitical Borders 228
 
 Trade in Services 234
 
 Borders of the Technological System 239
 
 Network Borders 240
 
 Export Controls 244
 
 Informational Borders 248
 
 Political Speech 248
 
 Arms Control Treaties 250
 
 Importing Knowledge Workers 254
 
 Border Rhetoric versus Border Realities 255
 
8. Information Policy and Change 259
 
 Theories of Change 259
 
 Information Policy and Change in Social Systems 264
 
 Freedom of Speech versus National Security 265
 
 The Vote 274
 
 Information Policy and Change in Technological Systems 278
 
 Direct Funding of Research 281
 
 Tax Credits 287
 
 Procurement 288
 
 Information Policy and Change in Information Systems 293
 
 The Arts 293
 
 Government Dissemination of Information 302
 
 Ambivalence and Inconsistency 310
 
9. Information, Policy, and Power in the Informational State 313
 
 The Social Impact of Information Policy Trends 314
 
 The Current Status of Constitutional Information Policy Principles 321
 
 The Nature of Information Policy 324
 
 Policy and Social Theory 326
 
 The Future of the Informational State 327
 
 Bibliographic Essays 329
 
 Notes 329
 
 1 An Introduction to Information Policy 329
 
 2 Forms and Phases of Power: The Bias of the Informational State 335
 
 3 Bounding the Domain: Information Policy for the Twenty-first Century 346
 
 4 Constitutional Principles and the Information Spaces They Create 349
 
 5 Information Policy and Identity 352
 
 6 Information Policy and Structure 369
 
 7 Information Policy and Borders 394
 
 8 Information Policy and Change 405
 
 References 419
 
 Index 525
 

商品描述(中文翻譯)

描述

隨著信息狀態取代官僚福利國家，對信息創建、處理、流動和使用的控制已成為最有效的權力形式。在《變革的國家》一書中，桑德拉·布拉曼（Sandra Braman）探討了這種“國家變革”的理論和實踐影響。她研究了政府在使用信息政策行使權力方面的故意、明確和一致性，不僅探討了知識產權和隱私等熟悉的話題，還包括政策高效但鮮為人知的領域。這些較少知名的問題包括混合公民身份、在國內使用“功能等效邊界”以允許對美國法律的例外、研究資金、人口普查方法和網絡互連。布拉曼認為，信息政策的趨勢既體現又引發了治理本質的變革。

在為理解信息狀態奠定理論、概念和歷史基礎之後，布拉曼檢視了美國憲法中包含的20條信息政策原則。然後，她探討了美國信息政策對國家自身的身份、結構、邊界和變革過程以及構成國家的個人、社區和組織的影響。她橫跨整個法律體系，介紹了當前法律以及每個受影響類別中幾個信息政策問題的趨勢和後果。

《變革的國家》在兩個層面上介紹了信息政策，既討論了具體的當代問題，又從社會理論、實證研究和法律等方面進行了更抽象的分析。最重要的是，本書提供了一種理解信息政策如何帶來與轉型為信息狀態相伴隨的基本社會變革的方式。

桑德拉·布拉曼是威斯康辛大學密爾沃基分校傳播學系的教授。她是《傳播研究者與政策制定》（MIT Press，2003年）的編輯。

目錄

表格列表 xv
前言 xvii
文本備註 xix
致謝 xxi
1. 信息政策簡介 1
2. 權力的形式和階段
信息狀態的偏見 9
信息 9
理論多元主義 10
定義的分類 11
使用分類 20
權力 23
權力的問題 24
權力形式 25
權力階段 27
國家 28
國家的問題 29
國家 30
國家的類型 35
信息狀態的信息政策 37
3. 界定領域
21世紀的信息政策 39
定義問題 40
歷史 41
前現代信息政策 42
早期現代信息政策 44

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