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商品描述
The use of biometric technology for identification has gone from Orwellian fantasy to everyday reality. This technology, which verifies or recognizes a person's identity based on physiological, anatomical, or behavioral patterns (including fingerprints, retina, handwriting, and keystrokes) has been deployed for such purposes as combating welfare fraud, screening airplane passengers, and identifying terrorists. The accompanying controversy has pitted those who praise the technology's accuracy and efficiency against advocates for privacy and civil liberties. In America Identified, Lisa Nelson investigates the complex public responses to biometric technology. She uses societal perceptions of this particular identification technology to explore the values, beliefs, and ideologies that influence public acceptance of technology.
Drawing on her own extensive research with focus groups and a national survey, Nelson finds that considerations of privacy, anonymity, trust and confidence in institutions, and the legitimacy of paternalistic government interventions are extremely important to users and potential users of the technology. She examines the long history of government systems of identification and the controversies they have inspired; the effect of the information technology revolution and the events of September 11, 2001; the normative value of privacy (as opposed to its merely legal definition); the place of surveillance technologies in a civil society; trust in government and distrust in the expanded role of government; and the balance between the need for government to act to prevent harm and the possible threat to liberty in government's actions.
Drawing on her own extensive research with focus groups and a national survey, Nelson finds that considerations of privacy, anonymity, trust and confidence in institutions, and the legitimacy of paternalistic government interventions are extremely important to users and potential users of the technology. She examines the long history of government systems of identification and the controversies they have inspired; the effect of the information technology revolution and the events of September 11, 2001; the normative value of privacy (as opposed to its merely legal definition); the place of surveillance technologies in a civil society; trust in government and distrust in the expanded role of government; and the balance between the need for government to act to prevent harm and the possible threat to liberty in government's actions.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
生物識別技術的使用已從奧威爾式的幻想變成日常現實。這項技術基於生理、解剖或行為模式（包括指紋、視網膜、手寫和鍵盤輸入）來驗證或識別個人的身份，已被用於打擊社會福利詐騙、篩查飛機乘客和識別恐怖分子等目的。隨之而來的爭議使得讚揚這項技術準確性和效率的人與倡導隱私和公民自由的人之間產生對立。在《美國識別》中，莉莎·尼爾森（Lisa Nelson）調查了公眾對生物識別技術的複雜反應。她利用社會對這種特定識別技術的看法來探討影響公眾接受技術的價值觀、信念和意識形態。
根據她自己對焦點小組和全國調查的廣泛研究，尼爾森發現，隱私、匿名性、對機構的信任和信心，以及父權式政府干預的合法性等考量對於技術的使用者和潛在使用者來說極為重要。她檢視了政府識別系統的悠久歷史及其引發的爭議；資訊技術革命及2001年9月11日事件的影響；隱私的規範價值（與其僅僅是法律定義相對）；監控技術在公民社會中的地位；對政府的信任與對政府擴大角色的不信任；以及政府為防止傷害而行動的必要性與政府行動可能對自由造成的威脅之間的平衡。
