Fundamentals of WiMAX: Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking

Description

Praise for Fundamentals of WiMAX

"This book is one of the most comprehensive books I have reviewed ... it is a must-read for engineers and students planning to remain current or who plan to pursue a career in telecommunications. I have reviewed other publications on WiMAX and have been disappointed. This book is refreshing in that it is clear that the authors have the in-depth technical knowledge and communications skills to deliver a logically laid out publication that has substance to it."

—Ron Resnick, President, WiMAX Forum

"This is the first book with a great introductory treatment of WiMAX technology. It should be essential reading for all engineers involved in WiMAX. The high-level overview is very useful for those with non-technical background. The introductory sections for OFDM and MIMO technologies are very useful for those with implementation background and some knowledge of communication theory. The chapters covering physical and MAC layers are at the appropriate level of detail. In short, I recommend this book to systems engineers and designers at different layers of the protocol, deployment engineers, and even students who are interested in practical applications of communication theory."

—Siavash M. Alamouti, Chief Technology Officer, Mobility Group, Intel

"This is a very well-written, easy-to-follow, and comprehensive treatment of WiMAX. It should be of great interest."

—Dr. Reinaldo Valenzuela, Director of Wireless Research, Bell Labs

"Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive guide to WiMAX from both industry and academic viewpoints, which is an unusual accomplishment. I recommend it to anyone who is curious about this exciting new standard."

—Dr. Teresa Meng, Professor, Stanford University, Founder and Director, Atheros Communications

"Andrews, Ghosh, and Muhamed have provided a clear, concise, and well-written text on 802.16e/WiMAX. The book provides both the breadth and depth to make sense of the highly complicated 802.16e standard. I would recommend this book to both development engineers and technical managers who want an understating of WiMAX and insight into 4G modems in general."

—Paul Struhsaker, VP of Engineering, Chipset platforms, Motorola Mobile Device Business Unit, former vice chair of IEEE 802.16 working group

"Fundamentals of WiMAX is written in an easy-to-understand tutorial fashion. The chapter on multiple antenna techniques is a very clear summary of this important technology and nicely organizes the vast number of different proposed techniques into a simple-to-understand framework."

—Dr. Ender Ayanoglu, Professor, University of California, Irvine, Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Communications

"Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive examination of the 802.16/WiMAX standard and discusses how to design, develop, and deploy equipment for this wireless communication standard. It provides both insightful overviews for those wanting to know what WiMAX is about and comprehensive, in-depth chapters on technical details of the standard, including the coding and modulation, signal processing methods, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels, medium access control, mobility issues, link-layer performance, and system-level performance."

—Dr. Mark C. Reed, Principal Researcher, National ICT Australia, Adjunct Associate Professor, Australian National University

"This book is an excellent resource for any engineer working on WiMAX systems. The authors have provided very useful introductory material on broadband wireless systems so that readers of all backgrounds can grasp the main challenges in WiMAX design. At the same time, the authors have also provided very thorough analysis and discussion of the multitudes of design options and engineering tradeoffs, including those involved with multiple antenna communication, present in WiMAX systems, making the book a must-read for even the most experienced wireless system designer."

—Dr. Nihar Jindal, Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota

"This book is very well organized and comprehensive, covering all aspects of WiMAX from the physical layer to the network and service aspects. The book also includes insightful business perspectives. I would strongly recommend this book as a must-read theoretical and practical guide to any wireless engineer who intends to investigate the road to fourth generation wireless systems."

—Dr. Yoon Chae Cheong, Vice President, Communication Lab, Samsung

"The authors strike a wonderful balance between theoretical concepts, simulation performance, and practical implementation, resulting in a complete and thorough exposition of the standard. The book is highly recommended for engineers and managers seeking to understand the standard."

—Dr. Shilpa Talwar, Senior Research Scientist, Intel

"Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive guide to WiMAX, the latest frontier in the communications revolution. It begins with a tutorial on 802.16 and the key technologies in the standard and finishes with a comprehensive look at the predicted performance of WiMAX networks. I believe readers will find this book invaluable whether they are designing or testing WiMAX systems."

—Dr. James Truchard, President, CEO and Co-Founder, National Instruments

"This book is a must-read for engineers who want to know WiMAX fundamentals and its performance. The concepts of OFDMA, multiple antenna techniques, and various diversity techniques—which are the backbone of WiMAX technology—are explained in a simple, clear, and concise way. This book is the first of its kind."

—Amitava Ghosh, Director and Fellow of Technical Staff, Motorola

"Andrews, Ghosh, and Muhamed have written the definitive textbook and reference manual on WiMAX, and it is recommended reading for engineers and managers alike."

—Madan Jagernauth, Director of WiMAX Access Product Management, Nortel

The Definitive Guide to WiMAX Technology

WiMAX is the most promising new technology for broadband wireless access to IP services. It can serve an extraordinary range of applications and environments: data, voice, and multimedia; fixed and mobile; licensed and unlicensed. However, until now, wireless professionals have had little reliable information to guide them. Fundamentals of WiMAX is the first comprehensive guide to WiMAX—its technical foundations, features, and performance.

Three leading wireless experts systematically cut through the hype surrounding WiMAX and illuminate the realities. They combine complete information for wireless professionals and basic, accessible knowledge for non-experts. Professionals will especially appreciate their detailed discussion of the performance of WiMAX based on comprehensive link- and system-level simulations.

Whether you're a wireless engineer, network architect, manager, or system designer, this book delivers essential information for succeeding with WiMAX—from planning through deployment.

Topics include

• Applications, history, spectrum options, technical and business challenges, and competitive technologies of WiMAX

• 802.16 standards: physical and MAC layers, channel access, scheduling services, mobility, advanced antenna features, hybrid-ARQ, and more

• Broadband wireless channels: pathloss, shadowing, cellular systems, sectoring, and fading—including modeling and mitigation

• OFDM: from basic multicarrier concepts to synchronization, PAR reduction, and clipping

• MIMO: Multiple antennas, spatial diversity, beamforming, and a cutting-edge treatment of the use of MIMO in WiMAX

• OFDMA: multiple access, multiuser diversity, adaptive modulation, and resource allocation

• Networking and services aspects: architecture and protocols for IP QoS, session management, ecurity, and mobility management

• Predicting performance using link-level and system-level simulations

• WiMAX network architecture: design principles, reference models, authentication, QoS, and mobility management 

 

Foreword xix

Preface xxi

Acknowledgments xxiii

About the Authors xxvii

Part I Overview of WiMAX 1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Broadband Wireless 3

1.1 Evolution of Broadband Wireless 5

1.2 Fixed Broadband Wireless: Market Drivers and Applications 10

1.3 Mobile Broadband Wireless: Market Drivers and Applications 12

1.4 WiMAX and Other Broadband Wireless Technologies 13

1.5 Spectrum Options for Broadband Wireless 17

1.6 Business Challenges for Broadband Wireless and WiMAX 21

1.7 Technical Challenges for Broadband Wireless 23

1.8 Summary and Conclusions 32

1.9 Bibliography 32

Chapter 2 Overview of WiMAX 33

2.1 Background on IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX 33

2.2 Salient Features of WiMAX 37

2.3 WiMAX Physical Layer 39

2.4 MAC-Layer Overview 47

2.5 Advanced Features for Performance Enhancements 55

2.6 Reference Network Architecture 57

2.7 Performance Characterization 59

2.8 Summary and Conclusions 61

2.9 Bibliography 63

Part II Technical Foundations of WiMAX 65

Chapter 3 The Challenge of Broadband Wireless Channels 67

3.1 Communication System Building Blocks 68

3.2 The Broadband Wireless Channel: Pathloss and Shadowing 69

3.3 Cellular Systems 77

3.4 The Broadband Wireless Channel: Fading 84

3.5 Modeling Broadband Fading Channels 91

3.6 Mitigation of Fading 104

3.7 Summary and Conclusions 110

3.8 Bibliography 110

Chapter 4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 113

4.1 Multicarrier Modulation 114

4.2 OFDM Basics 117

4.3 An Example: OFDM in WiMAX 123

4.4 Timing and Frequency Synchronization 124

4.5 The Peak-to-Average Ratio 131

4.6 OFDM's Computational Complexity Advantage 142

4.7 Simulating OFDM Systems 144

4.8 Summary and Conclusions 145

4.9 Bibliography 145

Chapter 5 Multiple-Antenna Techniques 149

5.1 The Benefits of Spatial Diversity 150

5.2 Receive Diversity 154

5.3 Transmit Diversity 157

5.4 Beamforming 169

5.5 Spatial Multiplexing 174

5.6 Shortcomings of Classical MIMO Theory 181

5.7 Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM 184

5.8 Channel Feedback 189

5.9 Advanced Techniques for MIMO 190

Chapter 6 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 199

6.1 Multiple-Access Strategies for OFDM 200

6.2 Multiuser Diversity and Adaptive Modulation 204

6.3 Resource-Allocation Techniques for OFDMA 209

6.4 OFDMA in WiMAX: Protocols and Challenges 216

6.5 Summary and Conclusions 219

6.6 Bibliography 220

Chapter 7 Networking and Services Aspects of Broadband Wireless 223

7.1 Quality of Service 224

7.2 Multimedia Session Management 233

7.3 Security 241

7.4 Mobility Management 249

7.5 IP for Wireless: Issues and Potential Solutions 260

7.6 Summary and Conclusions 265

7.7 Bibliography 266

Part III Understanding WiMAX and Its Performance 269

Chapter 8 PHY Layer of WiMAX 271

8.1 Channel Coding 272

8.2 Hybrid-ARQ 278

8.3 Interleaving 279

8.4 Symbol Mapping 280

8.5 OFDM Symbol Structure 280

8.6 Subchannel and Subcarrier Permutations 282

8.7 Slot and Frame Structure 290

8.8 Transmit Diversity and MIMO 292

8.9 Closed-Loop MIMO 296

8.10 Ranging 300

8.11 Power Control 302

8.12 Channel-Quality Measurements 303

8.13 Summary and Conclusions 304

8.14 Bibliography 304

Chapter 9 MAC Layer of WiMAX 307

9.1 Convergence Sublayer 309

9.2 MAC PDU Construction and Transmission 312

9.3 Bandwidth Request and Allocation 316

9.4 Quality of Service 317

9.5 Network Entry and Initialization 319

9.6 Power-Saving Operations 324

9.7 Mobility Management 327

9.8 Summary and Conclusions 332

9.9 Bibliography 333

Chapter 10 WiMAX Network Architecture 335

10.1 General Design Principles of the Architecture 336

10.2 Network Reference Model 337

10.3 Protocol Layering Across a WiMAX Network 341

10.4 Network Discovery and Selection 344

10.5 IP Address Assignment 344

10.6 Authentication and Security Architecture 345

10.7 Quality-of-Service Architecture 349

10.8 Mobility Management 352

10.9 Radio Resource Management 359

10.10 Paging and Idle-Mode Operation 360

10.11 Summary and Conclusions 362

10.12 Bibliography 362

Chapter 11 Link-Level Performance of WiMAX 365

11.1 Methodology for Link-Level Simulation 366

11.2 AWGN Channel Performance of WiMAX 370

11.3 Fading Channel Performance of WiMAX 373

11.4 Benefits of Multiple-Antenna Techniques in WiMAX 387

11.5 Advanced Receiver Structures and Their Benefits for WiMAX 396

11.6 Summary and Conclusions 398

11.7 Bibliography 399

Chapter 12 System-Level Performance of WiMAX 401

12.1 Wireless Channel Modeling 402

12.2 Methodology for System-Level Simulation 404

12.3 System-Level Simulation Results 412

12.4 Summary and Conclusions 421

12.5 Appendix: Propagation Models 422

12.6 Bibliography 427

Acronyms

Index